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This article focuses on the professional writing of women in the transformation phase around 1800. Referring specifically to the woman of letters Helmina von Chézy (1783-1856) and her family, which participated in the literary market over four generations, it asks how authors could use paper(s) as assets or resources. It is shown that writersʼ papers were collected and kept as material evidence of life, that they could be an indicator of financial status and provide insight into financial practices, and that they were used particularly to position oneself (as a writer) and to relate to others. Within changing personal and historical contexts, the writing work of family members was based ultimately, in varying forms and shapes, on the logics of their social relations, lived as well as negotiated and recorded on paper. Thus, the papers used and inscribed in the family can be conceptualized as a multi-perspective kaleidoscope, offering new views on central aspects and mechanisms of writerly economies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Surviving Job Loss: Paper Makers in Maine and Minnesota. By Kenneth A. Root and Rosemarie J. Park. Kalamazoo, MI: W. E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research, 2016, 251 pp., https://research.upjohn.org/up_press/237/. [...]

Highlights • We evaluate paper-level impact metrics on field bias, time bias, and ranking performance. • We evaluate mean-based, percentile-based, co-citation-based, and post hoc rescaling approaches to normalise citation scores. • Percentile-based citation scores are less field and time biased than mean-normalised citation counts. • No significant difference in ranking performance exists between percentile- and mean-normalised citation scores. • Citation counts are always less time biased but always more field biased than PageRank. Abstract We evaluate article-level metrics along two dimensions. Firstly, we analyse metrics' ranking bias in terms of fields and time. Secondly, we evaluate their performance based on test data that consists of (1) papers that have won high-impact awards and (2) papers that have won prizes for outstanding quality. We consider different citation impact indicators and indirect ranking algorithms in combination with various normalisation approaches (mean-based, percentile-based, co-citation-based, and post hoc rescaling). We execute all experiments on two publication databases which use different field categorisation schemes (author-chosen concept categories and categories based on papers' semantic information). In terms of bias, we find that citation counts are always less time biased but always more field biased compared to PageRank. Furthermore, rescaling paper scores by a constant number of similarly aged papers reduces time bias more effectively compared to normalising by calendar years. We also find that percentile citation scores are less field and time biased than mean-normalised citation counts. In terms of performance, we find that time-normalised metrics identify high-impact papers better shortly after their publication compared to their non-normalised variants. However, after 7 to 10 years, the non-normalised metrics perform better. A similar trend exists for the set of high-quality papers where these performance cross-over points occur after 5 to 10 years. Lastly, we also find that personalising PageRank with papers' citation counts reduces time bias but increases field bias. Similarly, using papers' associated journal impact factors to personalise PageRank increases its field bias. In terms of performance, PageRank should always be personalised with papers' citation counts and time-rescaled for citation windows smaller than 7 to 10 years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The breakthrough potentials of research papers can be explained by their boundary-spanning qualities. Here, for the first time, we apply the structural variation analysis (SVA) model and its affiliated metrics to investigate the extent to which such qualities characterize a group of Nobel Prize winning papers. We find that these papers share remarkable boundary-spanning traits, marked by exceptional abilities to connect disparate and topically-diverse clusters of research papers. Further, their publications exert structural variations on a scale that significantly alters the betweenness centrality distributions in existing intellectual space. Overall, SVA not only provides a set of leading indicators for describing future Nobel Prize winning papers, but also broadens our understanding of similar prize-winning properties that may have been overlooked among other regular publications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research paper, the researcher has attempted to study the effect of capital structure on the financial performance of selected paper manufacturing firms in India. Secondary data have been used. The study period was of five years from 20014-2015 to 2018-2019. Accounting ratio and statistical tools like descriptive statistics, correlation matrix, and penal data analysis have been used. The result of the descriptive statistics shows that ROA, ROCE, EPS and valuation indicate good financial performance. While the debt-equity ratio shows debt is more than equity in the capital structure. The researcher identified four financial indicators, namely ROA, ROCE, EPS and Valuation. The researcher has also identified debt-equity ratio, long term debt-equity ratio, a log of debt, firm size and interest coverage ratio as dependent variables. Model-1 indicates that ROS is significantly affected by the interest coverage ratio, wherein fixed-effect model ROA is also affected by the interest coverage ratio. Model-2 shows that there is a significant effect of debtequity ratio long term debt-equity ratio and interest coverage ratio on RCOE. The fixed-effect model shows that only firm size and interest coverage have a significant effect on ROCE. Model-3 shows that the debt-equity ratio, long term debt-equity ratio, firm size, a log of debt and interest coverage ratio is insignificant to EPS. Wherein firm size is significant to EPS in fixed effect mode. Another variable like the debt-equity ratio, long term debt-equity ratio, a log of debt and interest coverage ratio is insignificant to EPS. Model-4 indicates that firm size is significant to the valuation. The fixedeffect model shows that all independent variables are insignificant to valuation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper is realised in order to demonstrate the EU multilevel integration's hypothesis across the Danube EU Member States. The analysis is focused on four important economic indicators (GDP, unemployment, inflation and government gross debt) and covers 2012-2021. The analysis follows three steps: comparative analysis, regression analysis and forecasting analysis, as well. The Danube Member States were grouped on three integration levels, according to the French President's opinion. The paper succeeds in demonstrating that the Member States grouping on different integration levels is not a scientific approach. It is only a political decision able to support the leadership of the greater Member States' economies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The digitalization era of public relations is increasingly affecting the means of presenting information about the economic activities of an enterprise, in particular financial, in the context of a global pandemic, which was caused by the global COVID-19. Increasingly, in our environment, there is a transition from paper to electronic information carriers. The financial information generated by business entities both in Ukraine and in the world as a whole is no exception. The purpose of the study is to systematize the existing digital formats for presenting financial information as a basis for analyzing and auditing the business activities of enterprises in Ukraine. The basis of the study is the methodological recommendations on the use of Taxonomy UA XBRL IFRS, instructions for the revision of the Ukrainian IFRS taxonomy, specialized software products, legislative framework of Ukraine. The following methods were used: graphical (to visualize the results of the study), and grouping (to systematize the advantages and disadvantages of software that uses tax services to conduct e-audits). Digital formats for the presentation of financial information were analyzed. They are the basis for the analysis and audit of the enterprise's activities. The structure and characteristics of the legal framework for the disclosure of financial information in electronic XBRL format in Ukraine were given. Comparative analysis of financial information in digital format XBRL and SAF-T UA were carried out. It has been determined that XBRL can be used as a basis for analyzing financial information in electronic format using special software, for example, to assess the financial condition, calculate indicators of financial stability, liquidity, solvency, business activity, enterprise profitability, etc. It has been proved that the electronic format of financial information SAF-T UA is used when conducting an electronic audit (e-audit) of taxpayers, and can also be used to calculate the tax burden (tax return, tax efficiency ratio) used by the State Tax Service of Ukraine for the purpose of control completeness of calculation and payment of relevant taxes and fees to the state budget. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Continual development necessitates innovation. One must discover seeds of innovation and then concentrate resources on these seeds. To do so, one must recognize technology trends and then adopt and execute appropriate innovation strategies. This study used advanced change point detection method to investigate leading indicators that represent changes in technology trends. We examine patents, papers, and newspaper articles in Japan and US for 55 technologies. Results suggest that patents can be more appropriate as leading indicators than either papers or newspapers. This result can contribute to appropriate innovation strategies for planning and updating, and can provide tools that are useful to decision-makers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Will climate action be synergic to China's other socio-economic goals, such as poverty alleviation, healthy aging society, etc.? What kind of structural changes are needed to reduce carbon emissions in the most efficient and effective way? Paper 3: Development of the Electric Vehicle Industry in China by Jianwei Xing, Xiyuan Liu, Yushuai Zhang This paper aims to unravel the past decade's development story of the EV industry in China. Papers in this special issue are works resulted from a research project organized at the National School of Development, Peking University, and sponsored by the Energy Foundation (China). [Extracted from the article]

Antonio Iodice, I University of Exeter and University of Genoa i SESSION 2: HISTORICAL LABOR MARKETS The Economics of Gender-Specific Minimum-Wage Legislation During the 1910s, twelve U.S. states passed and implemented the country's first minimum-wage laws. First, where rivers shift states form, and existing states expand their capacity. Lee J. Alston, I Indiana University i , Marie Duggan, I Keene State College i , and Julio Ramos, I Pennsylvania State University i SESSION 11: FINANCIAL DEVELOPMENT Financing Industrialization in Russia and Germany A large literature debates what system best promotes the accumulation and allocation of capital, especially in late-industrializing countries, where capital market imperfections may be severe. In contrast, this paper leverages detailed firm-level data from late 19th-century Sweden showing that a sharp increase in industrial tariffs has a heterogeneous impact across firms: Initially low-productivity firms see an increase in productivity while initially high-productive firms experience a decline. [Extracted from the article]

The antecedents of the global financial crisis have two layers: the superstructure and the microstructure. Simply put, the superstructure refers to factors than are evident and manifested in fundamental indicators while the microstructure is the psychology or what underlies those that can be seen. This paper distills the forerunner of the crisis from its roots in the early years of the 1990 decade when the US eased its monetary policy as a response to the dotcom bubble and the 9-11 terrorist attacks. The unfolding story starts in the boom in mortgages brought about by low interest rates and a liberal loan policy, which by themselves would not have brought great financial distress if the rules of the credit market have taken effect. What turned this risky behavior into the present crisis was the bundling of mortgages by financial institutions into complex securities, such as collaterized debt obligations that were largely left unregulated. Beneath the surface is the underpinning of the crisis, the underlying market psychology characterized by greed, ignorance, herd mentality, disregard for or misuse of information, exuberance, and irrationality. Though not immune to the global financial slowdown, the Philippines has buffers that can serve it in good stead during this challenging period. Domestic demand is a major growth contributor; inflationary pressures are easing; there is policy space for fiscal stimulus; external payments position is manageable; the banking system is well-capitalized; and there is low exposure to financial strains. Still, the effects of the crisis have just reached the country and have just begun to be felt. In expectation of tougher challenges that will be faced by the real and external sectors, the country's central bank has laid out its policy thrusts for 2009. These include sustaining its primary mandate of price stability; maintaining the soundness of the financial system through greater risk management among others; and strengthening engagements with its regional peers for more collaborative action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the relationship between the environmental and economic performance of firms in the European paper manufacturing industry. It initially discusses possible functional relationships between environmental and economic performance rooted in different theoretical frameworks and links these to recent empirical and theoretical analyses of the Porter hypothesis. Following this, it reports the results of an empirical study carried out in the European paper industry. Findings fit better with ‘traditionalist’ reasoning about the relationship between environmental and economic performance, which predicts the relationship to be uniformly negative. In particular they confirm the necessity for a more differentiated view of the Porter hypothesis. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. and ERP Environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In their paper "VAT threshold and small business behavior: evidence from Thai tax returns", Athiphat Muthitacharoen, Wonma Wanichthaworn and Trongwut Burong show that the growth of small firms in a country like Thailand, characterized by high VAT informality (defined as the presence of non-VAT registered firms), is constrained by the existence of a size-dependent VAT registration threshold. This special issue of I International Tax and Public Finance i contains selected papers presented at the 76th Annual Congress of the International Institute of Public Finance (IIPF), which was hosted by the University of Iceland on August 19-21, 2020. If the green firm does not relocate, both the green firm and the brown firm provide better environmental quality products. In particular, their results clearly reveal a bunching response of firms to the threshold and that non-VAT-registered firms have a significantly lower growth rate than a propensity score-matched group of firms that voluntarily registered. [Extracted from the article]

Early papers found empirical support for a natural resource curse—the notion that exporting natural resources is detrimental to economic growth. Later papers, using reportedly improved econometric models and data, largely reversed these early findings by estimating that natural resources improve economic performance. However, this changing coefficient on natural resource dependence over time may not only be a function of model or data quality. Masked by this evolution in the economics literature is the possibility that the fundamental relationship between natural resources and economic performance has changed over the past several decades. This paper sheds a new perspective on the substantial resource curse literature by repeatedly estimating a single econometric model on data that evolve over time. The coefficient on natural resource dependence is estimated to steadily increases with the passage of time from a value that is negative and significant (for 1970, the basis for much of the early literature) to a positive and significant value a few decades later. Whatever natural resource estimated initially with data from 1970 seems to have evolved into a resource blessing over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cost estimating in the construction industry is challenging due to the high uncertainty associated with the supply chain, especially after the COVID-19 pandemic. Some research studies have addressed such problems by developing models that predict material cost. In fact, all material can be interconnected and interrelated with lead-lag relationships such that any inflation in one material's price can be associated with inflation in other materials' prices, referred to as transmission of inflation. Despite the latter, none of the existing studies have investigated inflation transmission among all construction materials. This paper fills this knowledge gap. The authors used a multistep research methodology. First, Producer Price Index (PPI) data for 16 construction materials were collected and sorted. Second, the vector autoregression technique was used to model the relationships between each pair of material and subsequently validate the associations using the Granger causality test. Third, network analysis was performed to identify the inflation transmission capacity (out-degree centrality), inflation susceptibility (in-degree centrality), and inflation intermediatory capacity (betweenness centrality) for each material. Finally, modularity-based clustering was conducted to categorize the materials based on their price indices' interconnections and examine inflation transmission path among different sectors of construction-related material. The results show that metals and plastic products are generally the highest transmitters of inflation to other construction material including "Fabricated structural metal products" and "Plastic construction products." Furthermore, the results show that "Concrete products," "Flat glass," "Brick and structural clay tile," and "Architectural coatings" are also high transmitters of inflation and thus can be key indicators of increase in the overall construction cost. This paper provides the industry stakeholders with leading indicators and early warning signs for the inflated material prices. Contractors and owners can utilize those warning signs to enhance their procurement plans and budgeting decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The progress of financial markets depends on the way world investors foresee the market potential of the country of choice. Countries that are associated with favorable economic incentives are able to motivate investments in their respective stock markets. The objective of this paper is to examine the role of the many economic components which constitute the Market Potential Index in enhancing stock market progress. The methodology goes through testing and estimation. The tests include linearity versus nonlinearity (RESET), normality, and cointegration. The estimation includes cointegration regression and discriminant analysis to distinguish between high and low stock market progress. This study examines unbalanced panel data that covers the years 1996–2022 for 54 countries where a stock market exists. The results show the following: (a) increases in people's expenditure result in decreases in consumption of investment in financial securities; (b) the investments in infrastructure technology is positively associated with stock market progress; (c) the positive effect of economic freedom indicates that further adaptive trading regulations are beneficial to stock market progress; (d) increases in imports consume large proportions of people's income, coming at the expense of investment in financial securities; (e) stock markets that are associated with high country risk are characterized by a positive risk–return tradeoff, i.e., a high risk premium; (f) the stock markets listed in the MPI can reach high progress by improving three indicators, namely commercial infrastructure, market receptivity, and country risk. This paper offers a thorough and unique examination of the institutional arrangements and stock market progress. The paper offers a guide to policy makers about how economic institutional arrangements can be promoted in order to reach high stock market progress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines digital finance usage in the UK, US, India and Nigeria. Using data from the global financial development indicators, the findings reveal that the UK and US have higher digital finance usage than India and Nigeria. The US has higher credit card usage compared to the UK while the UK has higher debit card usage compared to the US. Also, Nigeria has higher debit card usage than India. The findings also show that higher debit card usage is correlated with higher domestic credit to the private sector in the US and Nigeria. Higher credit card usage is correlated with lower domestic credit to the private sector, lower private credit by deposit money banks, and fewer remittances to the UK. The implication of the findings is that policy makers in developing countries should develop the digital finance and payment systems in their countries to close up the wide gap in digital finance adoption between developing and developed countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The financial system plays an essential role in facilitating the intermediation process for economic growth. Policymakers stress on achieving a well-developed and regulated financial system to achieve economic development and resiliency. Using data from the State of Qatar, this paper aims to examine the impact of financial development indicator on economic growth; the impact of financial development indicator on hydrocarbon and nonhydrocarbon sector; the impact of Islamic banking on hydrocarbon and nonhydrocarbon economic growth. Design/methodology/approach: The research uses quarterly data from 2007 to 2019 and adopts autoregressive distributed lag cointegration techniques to test the long- and short-run dynamic relationship between various measures of financial development and economic growth. Findings: The results present evidence of long-term cointegration between overall financial development indicator and economic growth. Furthermore, the authors document the existence of long-term relationship between financial development and nonhydrocarbon sector. However, there is a lack of evidence on the long-run relationship between financial development and the hydrocarbon sector. Notwithstanding, Islamic banking contributes to overall economic development, as well as to the nonhydrocarbon sector. Practical implications: This paper offers policymakers with insights to evaluate measures to diversify the economy. It also assists decision-makers in promoting Islamic finance, particularly to the banking sector as a vital contributor to economic growth. Originality/value: To the best of the author's knowledge, this paper is the first to evaluate financial development and economic growth for the case of Qatar in light of recent developments in Islamic finance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to estimate the effect the five different generations and the key financial inclusion indicators of gender, education and location (rural–urban) in exacerbating disparities in financial inclusion in Kenya. This paper considers whether the five generational cohort groups in Kenya differ on the financial inclusion determinants and behaviour as predicted by common generational stereotypes. Design/methodology/approach: The authors applied a multinomial logistic regression approach to nationally representative household survey data from Kenya to estimate the effect that key financial inclusion indicators have on belonging to one of the five generations: Z, Y, X, baby boomers and traditionalists. Findings: The authors found significant links between all tested variables and financial inclusion. The authors found an access gap between Generations X and Y, with the latter being more prone to access and use financial services and products. These differences are compounded by gender and rurality. People in rural locations and women generally were found to have less access to financial services and products, thus causing significant exclusion of a large proportion of the population. Practical implications: The research has important implications for governments, financial institutions and educational providers, notably on targeted policies and programmes that strategically aim to eliminate disparities and promote greater financial inclusion, denoting the value of such variables as generational differences and gender inclusivity. Originality/value: This paper deepens the understanding of differences that can divide generations on financial inclusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As economic development continues to advance globally, countries are increasingly focused on the green transformation of their economies. This paper employs a data envelopment analysis (DEA) model and entropy weighting methodology to construct and assess an indicator system for economic green transformation, taking into account environmental pollution. The analysis is based on panel data from 215 prefecture-level cities in China between 2015 and 2019. The two-way fixed effects model and moderating effect model are employed to investigate the influence of land finance on economic green transformation and to ascertain the moderating effect mechanism of local government debt. The study's conclusions are as follows: (1) Land finance impedes the transition to a green economy. (2) Local government debt is a major factor that restricts the influence of land finance on the transition to a green economy; as local government debt levels rise, land finance's role in impeding the transition to a green economy rises, and a positive moderating effect occurs. (3) Depending on the urban geographic location, the size of the economy and other factors, the impact of local government debt and land finance on the economic green transition varies. This empirical study demonstrates that the more local government debt there is in an eastern region or city with a bigger economic output scale, the more of an inhibitory influence land finance has on the economic transition to a green economy. In light of this, the paper suggests that the land finance policy be updated at the appropriate time, that the land market be regulated, that the government's reliance on land finance be gradually decreased, that the nature and amount of public debt be actively optimised, that the industrial infrastructure be enhanced to facilitate the transition towards a more environmentally sustainable economy, and that other suggestions be made. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to gain insight into how management accountants can become relevant business partners out of respect for existing locally developed accounts of economic performance for decision-making. Design/methodology/approach: The paper is based on qualitative semi-structured interviews with local business actors, in this case, families from seven financially successful Danish dairy farms. The casework and the analysis have been informed by pragmatic constructivism. Findings: The local business actors do not use the official accounting system for ongoing cost-management-related decision-making. Instead, they use several epistemic methods that include locally developed decision models, experiences, rules of thumb and intuition. The farmers use these vernacular accountings to compensate for the cost management illusion that the formal accounting system tends to create. What the study suggests is that when management accountants engage as business partners, they are likely to enter a space where accounting is already present. Originality/value: This paper argues that local business actors practice epistemic methods where they develop and use vernacular accountings to support their managerial practice, also in the absence of a professional management accountant. These vernacular accountings may lead the local actors into an illusion because the vernacular accountings do not necessarily have an inherent economic logic and theoretical reliability. The role of the management accountant in such a setting is hence to understand, support and advance local epistemic methods. Becoming a business partner requires a combination of management accounting analytical skills and a sense of empathy and sensitivity regarding what is already at play and how this can become an object of discussion without violating the values of the other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In terms of the collaborative optimization of CO2 flooding for Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) and CO2 sequestration, previous studies have co-optimized both cumulative oil production and CO2 sequestration by various algorithms. However, these solutions fail to optimize the CO2 injection schemes for high-water cut oil reservoirs. This paper presents an optimization methodology for CO2 flooding and sequestration in high-water cut oil reservoirs. The production optimization was carried out by adjusting the injection and production rate. To solve the proposed objective functions, the simultaneous perturbation stochastic approximation (SPSA) algorithm is applied in this paper, and the CMG-GEM module is utilized to simulate the reservoir production performance. A typical high-water cut reservoir in the Shengli oilfield was used to verify the feasibility of the presented methodology. In this paper, the production performance and net present value (NPV) for continuous gas injection under different water cuts were analyzed. The optimal timing of transforming from water flooding to gas displacement for the high-water cut reservoir was optimized. In addition, the optimal water–gas ratios for Water-Alternating-Gas (WAG) flooding were determined. The sensitivity of NPV to gas injection price and carbon subsidy was analyzed. The results show that when the gas price is 0.178 $/m3 and the carbon subsidy is 0.0169 $/m3, the optimal timing of transforming from water flooding to gas injection should be earlier than the time when the water cut is 0.82. Through the combination of NPV, cumulative oil production rate, and CO2 sequestration volume for WAG flooding, the optimal WAG ratio should be 1:2. The presented method in this paper considers various economic indicators and can optimize CO2 flooding and sequestration in high-water cut oil reservoirs efficiently, which can provide some guidance for the design of CO2 flooding schemes in high-water cut oil reservoirs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Swedish Paradox is a well-known phenomenon related to high research and development (R&D) investment with supposedly low aggregate economic performance owing to economic saturation. The Korean economy has not yet become an advanced economy; however, its R&D performance is negligible. Recently, also the R&D share of the GNP has become much higher, and its contribution to the economic growth rate is rapidly decreasing, implying a negative relationship between R&D activities and economic performance. This study uses slacks-based data envelopment analysis to investigate investment performance at the local government level in Korea. Our findings reveal that the average score for R&D investment performance in Korea is 64%, indicating huge potential for an efficiency enhancement of 36%. Notably, among the 16 local governments examined, Seoul and its surrounding metropolitan areas showed the lowest R&D efficiency, while Gangwon and Gwangju exhibited superior performance. Since these two regions have promoted specific missions, such as the medical hub in Gangwon and the optical fiber strategic platform in Gwangju, precise and accurate differentiation appears necessary to avoid a lack of governance. To determine the workable mechanism of R&D support policies, we further divided R&D productivity into three categories by incorporating the Malmquist Index (MI). The paper productivity of R&D shows an increasing trend over the experimental period from 2016 to 2021. However, overall, the MI shows slightly deteriorating productivity with 0.978, owing to the aggravating effect of patents and commercialization of R&D. The success in the paper comes from the harmonized partnership between the strong push factor of the government and voluntary pull factor of the R&D support receiving universities. Thus, we suggest that the Korean government should not depend on the superficial effectiveness of R&D in the term but on public–private partnerships with stronger performance-oriented responsibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses how to use the bull's-eye assessment method (BeAM) in the conduct of ISO 9001:2015 quality management system (QMS) auditing process. Also cited are how BeAM integrates the lean Six Sigma rapid improvement method and business assurance technique, the benefits of BeAM like allowing the assessors to quickly look at a company's key operational and financial performance metrics, and the plan-do-check-act (PDCA) process.

From a theoretical perspective, a number of concepts, approaches and/or paradigms have been related to CE, such as cradle-to-cradle, sustainability, industrial ecology, blue economy, circular business models, closed loop value chain, green supply chain and closed loop supply chain to name a few. The paper by Batista et al. (2019) 'Circular supply chains in emerging economies - a comparative study of packaging recovery ecosystems in China and Brazil' proposes a circular supply chain framework to derive insights from specific packaging recovery supply chain ecosystems. In terms of scope circular supply chains extend the boundaries of closed-loop supply chains by taking into account post-production stewardship to include forward feeding flows (open loops) into alternative supply chains. We realise that the preferred approach to implementing circular economy principles on production systems is supply chain management-based models, in particular, closed-loop supply chain management. [Extracted from the article]

The financial landscape in India is undergoing a transformative shift propelled by the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies within the Banking, Financial Services, and Insurance (BFSI) sector. This paper explores the multifaceted impact of AI on various facets of the industry, ranging from customer service and engagement to risk management and regulatory compliance. In the realm of customer service, AI-powered chatbots and virtual assistants have revolutionized interaction channels, providing instantaneous responses to customer queries and delivering personalized experiences. The paper discusses how latest technologies contribute to improved efficiency, reduced response times, and heightened customer satisfaction. Furthermore, the study investigates the significant contribution of AI in fortifying security measures within the BFSI sector. Machine learning algorithms are examined for their efficacy in fraud detection, leveraging vast datasets to identify anomalous transaction patterns and enhance the resilience of financial systems. The adoption of biometric authentication methods, such as facial recognition and fingerprint scanning, is explored as a means to bolster account security and mitigate risks associated with identity theft. The paper also elucidates the impact of AI on credit scoring, underwriting processes, and risk management strategies. Predictive analytics and automated underwriting systems are scrutinized for their role in expediting loan approvals, while AI-driven risk assessment models are discussed for their ability to analyze market trends and economic indicators, aiding in more informed decision-making. In the context of process automation, the integration of Robotic Process Automation (RPA) in routine tasks is highlighted for its potential to reduce operational costs and minimize errors. The study examines the deployment of AI in document processing, enhancing efficiency in document verification and compliance activities. Emerging trends such as voice banking, insurtech innovations, and the use of blockchain technology are also addressed in the paper. AI-powered voice recognition, telematics, roboadvisors, and smart contracts are explored for their contributions to enhancing accessibility, personalized financial advice, and security in transactions. As the BFSI sector in India continues to embrace AI-driven solutions, this research aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the evolving landscape, shedding light on the transformative potential of AI technologies and their implications for the future of financial services in the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Purpose: The aim of the paper is to examine the status and determinants of financial inclusion in India by using the recent micro-level survey data. Design/methodology/approach: The authors construct a multidimensional financial inclusion index to measure the status of financial inclusion in the selected 17 states of India. Subsequently, the authors use the probit model estimation to examine the determinants of all financial inclusion indicators. Findings: The authors find that southern and north-eastern states perform better in the overall financial inclusion index. In contrast, states like Odisha, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh lag behind. The estimated result shows that the probability of being financially included is higher among urban, richer, educated and salaried individuals. Further, the findings indicate the lower penetration of bank branches and ATMs in the rural parts of the country. Originality/value: While numerous studies have explored financial inclusion from a macro-level perspective, there exists a notable gap in the literature at the micro-level. This paper aims to address this gap and contributes to the existing literature in two ways. Firstly, it uses the recent micro-level survey data to construct a multidimensional financial inclusion index for the selected Indian states. Secondly, it examines individual-level attributes as the determining factors of financial inclusion, which has been overlooked in India. Peer review: The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/IJSE-03-2023-0162 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article introduces a special issue on technological development and policy making in China, highlighting their importance for China's economic growth. It discusses the shift in China's economy from reliance on property sector investment and low-value manufacturing to a new paradigm based on technological innovation and internal market expansion. The article emphasizes the need for adaptive policy making and financing support for science and technology development to enhance productivity growth. It also explores the Augmented National Innovation System (ANIS) in China, the growth of the semiconductor industry, and the limitations of the fiscal system. The research papers in this collection provide insights into China's economic transformation and propose reforms to support its development. [Extracted from the article]

The paper aims to present models of agricultural production optimization as tools for managers to increase yield, crop structure, crop rotation, increased efficiency and profitability. The two optimization models are: Case 1: Optimization of yield depending on wheat price and subsidy for increasing net return and profitability in wheat culture; Case 2: Optimal model for optimizing crop rotation in cereal culture with maximum income, having two solutions: (a) Basic optimal primal solution and (b) Basic optimal dual solution. The methodology included the calculations regarding the specific indicators reflecting the economic efficiency in wheat cropping for Case 1 and determination of the optimal primal and dual solutions assisted by SOLVER application from MS Excel for Case 2. The two examples come from vegetal farming but, other models of optimization could be developed in animal production for improving livestock structure by species and category and also in animal feeding setting up optimized feed ratios to sustain production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many shocks, including COVID-19, wars, inflation, contractionary U.S. monetary policy, and oil price hikes, have recently buffeted the world economy. The literature has reported mixed results concerning how these shocks impact Malaysian stock returns. Some studies found that U.S. monetary policy mattered for Malaysia, while others reported that it did not. This paper, employing two U.S. monetary policy measures over the 2001–2019 period, finds that U.S. policy matters little for Malaysian equities. Some studies found that oil price hikes increased Malaysian stock returns while others reported that they did not. This paper, employing updated data, reports that oil price increases, driven by both world demand shocks and oil supply shocks, raise Malaysian stock returns. The paper also compares the performance of Malaysian equities since the pandemic began, with returns forecasted based on macroeconomic variables. The period since the pandemic started has been labeled the megacrisis era. Interconnected crises, including the pandemic, wars, rising commodity prices, and climate events, all overlapped. The results indicate that industrial metals and banks have performed well since the pandemic began. Food producers, healthcare providers, medical equipment suppliers, tourist-related companies, and semiconductor firms have suffered. This paper considers several steps that could help these sectors to recover. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the research paper is to find out if the republic of Georgia is likely to have emerging market. Paper analyzes different aspects of emerging market, included: historical background, political situation (international rankings, the role of the international society), economic conditions (FDI inflows, major economic indicators), legal framework. The paper argues that recent economic and political reform efforts have been successful, however, a key concern is the effective implementation of the legal and policy framework for investment environment, leading to measurable improvements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reviews Professor Mike Wright's contributions to the management buy-out and entrepreneurial finance literature. It documents the development and variety of his academic work over time. We begin by describing Mike's research impact, before analyzing his bibliometric records and providing definitions of his favorite research topics. We then discuss his individual papers starting with the emergence of buy-outs, agency costs, and corporate governance issues. After this, we move to internationalization, boom and bust, Mike's acknowledgement of the arrival of active investors, emerging markets, deal structuring, syndication, new venture finance, financial and economic performance, and recent developments. We document the legacy of an abundant scholar and, thanks to his outstanding academic impact, provide guidance through the evolution of management buy-out and entrepreneurial finance research since its inception. Plain English Summary: A Tribute to Mike Wright: The Research Legacy of a Prolific Management Buy-out and Entrepreneurial Finance Scholar. Mike Wright was a prolific scholar with an incredibly long and diverse publication list. He pioneered management buy-out and entrepreneurial finance research. This academic niche emerged with the appearance of the first leveraged buy-out transactions in the USA in the late 1970s. Mike accompanied this development since its inception and surveyed international buy-out markets like no other researcher. The academic discipline, and Mike's research, diversified into financing relationships with innovative entrepreneurial ventures and new methods of raising entrepreneurial capital. This tribute describes the development of management buy-out and entrepreneurial finance literature and practice by reviewing Mike's original research output in the field. The review may also serve as a compendium for young scholars venturing into management buy-out and entrepreneurial finance research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the association between life insurers' voluntary disclosure of embedded value (EV), an unregulated market-driven fair value measure, and analyst forecast accuracy and dispersion. EV is an estimate of the present value of future net cash flows from in-force life insurance business. Advocates of this disclosure believe that EV is a better measure of economic performance than traditional GAAP measures. Others argue that corporate management has discretion in estimating and reporting EV. Further, analysts may have access to information that allows the development of possibly more accurate estimation metrics in the absence of EV disclosure. It is then an empirical issue to determine whether EV disclosure has any incremental effect on analysts' forecast properties. Using a multi-country setting, we find that EV disclosure is positively associated with analysts' earnings forecast accuracy and negatively related to forecast dispersion. This result is consistent with the alternative hypothesis that disclosure of EV provides a richer information set that enriches analysts' forecasts beyond their own in-house developed surrogates. As guidance for insurance accounting and disclosure evolves, our findings support the value of continuing to provide EV information to the public. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The papers in this symposium were initially presented at the Global Political Economy Network conference at Loughborough University in London in April 2019. It is also possible that female-led firms may find it harder to implement innovations learned by exporting: this seems to be particularly a problem facing larger female-led firms. Rather than treating institutions as exogenous and policy as endogenous, these authors investigate the effect upon institutions of a policy choice to adopt inflation targeting. [Extracted from the article]

Circular economy and supply chain are two topics that have aroused the interest of researchers in recent years, which we can find in a relationship of interdependence in the literature. The aim of this paper is to make a review using the technique of bibliometric analysis, on the interconnections in the literature between the concepts of circular economy and supply chain. In this sense, papers published on those subjects indexed in Web of Science (WoS) - 473 publications and Scopus - 633 publications were analysed, while identifying the most influential journals and authors in this area of study. The results highlighted an upward trend of publications on this topic, a top of the journals with the most published papers, a top of the most influential journals based on the number of citations received, the most influential papers depending on the number of citations received and a keywords co-occurrence mapping using VOSviewer software. Those results are useful in terms of identifying the most prolific journals regarding the volume of articles published, but also the most influential in terms of the volume of citations received, while drawing a clearer path for future research that may include in an integrated manner the circular economy and supply chain to identify ways to achieve superior economic performance in a sustainable manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Academic research has been completed on various historical economic crises, mostly in isolation, with some researchers attempting to make a comparison to prior crises. This paper focuses on identifying crisis indicators based on historical analysis of pre-crisis conditions, both in the country with the highest disparity based on the Gini coefficient (South Africa) and the country with the highest concentration of wealth (the United States). A systematic literature review was performed, and a total of 37 unique identifiers were found from 16 papers selected for inclusion. A systematic literature review is an appraisal and synthesis of primary research papers using a rigorous and clearly documented methodology in both the search strategy and the selection of studies. While common in medical research, the systematic review, a rigorous and thorough approach, is rarely used in finance and economics, with this paper representing one of few such reviews that have been published. The indicators that were found to be common amongst the crises studies were Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Interest Rates, Foreign Currency Exchange Rates, Assets Prices, Current Account Balance, and National debt. These six indicators were found in at least 25% of the papers included, with GDP cited in 50% of papers reviewed. This body of work compiles a list of indicators that can be used to improve the current Early Warning Indicators used by economists to predict financial crises, as it compiles commonalities from 80 years of crises, rather than examining a single crisis in isolation. Finally, additional literature was found to support the application of crisis indicators from developed and developing nations to predict the next crisis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The consumer price index (CPI) is a crucial economic indicator of consumer price inflation, which has an attendance effect on the extent of savings and, hence, on investment capacity. The literature contains different opinions on the relationship between exchange rate and consumer price index; however, given the uniqueness of each country's economic environment, it became apposite to focus the bearing of this paper on the South African economic context. Thus, this paper evaluates the effect of currency exchange rates on the consumer price index in South Africa. Time series data on CPI and exchange rates were drawn from the Fusion Media investment database and were analysed using the OLS regression. For the independent variables exchange rate, which is the Rand price against the Dollar, the authors applied lagg-2 given the assumption that exchange rate differences might take up to two months to affect the consumer price index. The authors' assumption draws from the findings of eminent scholars, which indicate that, given sufficient time, changes in domestic prices would fully compensate for exchange rate adjustments. The analysis showed that exchange rate changes significantly and positively affect CPI within the data's boundaries. The findings offer academic and practical implications for understanding the theoretical short-term period effect of the exchange rate on the consumer price index within the South African setting and for practical economic policy application for advanced policies to cushion potential negative effects on savings and investment. The paper provides an agenda for further study of the application of expanded time series to evaluate the effect of currency exchange rates on CPI over a longer period to unravel a theoretical difference between the short-term and long-term implications of exchange rates on CPI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One mode of online retrieval in Scisearch or Social Scisearch involves entering pairs of authors' names believed to be jointly cited by subsequent writers and retrieving papers in which cocitations occur. Six pairs were formed with the names of four authors prominent in the social indicators movement (Bauer, Duncan, Land, and Sheldon). Documents by the four were not specified. ft was thought that the pair Duncan and Land would retrieve papers in which indicator-type data would be integrated with path-analytic causal modeling. All other pairs seemed likely to retrieve a "general social indicators" literature. The 298 retrieved papers confirmed expectations. It was found that 121 papers generally cited social indicators (SI) documents by the input authors and frequently had SI language in their titles. Other signs of content also identified them as papers of the SI movement. The 177 papers retrieved on Duncan and Land generally cited causal modeling documents by the input pair and were path-analytic in nature. As expected, they were relatively "harder" than the first group of papers, although the two groups are akin and are formally linked through citations in certain papers. An additional result is that papers citing at least three of the input authors tend to be overviews of the SI movement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper addresses a topical issue for the agricultural production sector and it is based on an economic-financial indicators analysis for a series of 17 main agricultural crops. The practical research was carried out with information and data for 10 agricultural holdings in Iaşi County. They operate in the vegetable production sector and have a solid commercial representation on the national market. The main indicators used in the study are: crops and shared areas for each of the 10 analyzed units, considering the relevance of crops for the national economy and economic-financial indicators relevant for the design of the production activity: turnover, profit, employes number. The reference year for which the research was carried out is 2021. The work methodology mainly uses quantitative methods and descriptive analysis, with the processing and interpretation of data that have been organized in a design configured according to the specifics of the paper. In addition, qualitative information collected through interviews is used. The results of the paper indicate the relevance of basic agricultural crops for the performance of large enterprises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The organizational forms of infrastructure in China are divided into two categories, the traditional Public Procurement Model (PUB) model and Public–Private Partnership(PPP) model. The main difference is the separation or binding of the construction and operation phases. A systematic understanding is needed of how Chinese local governments choose between these two models. In this paper, we take public capital congestion and local government objectives as the entry point to study the effects of both on PPP choice. Firstly, by constructing an endogenous economic growth model under the PPP model, and comparing it with the model under the PUB model, this paper initially explains how the rise in public capital congestion affects the choice of the PPP by growth-oriented local governments. Then the data from prefecture-level cities from 2009–2018 are utilized to conduct empirical tests. We find that urban economic growth pressures have a positive effect on the choice of PPP when the congestion of public capital increases. Furthermore, the implementation of PPP is indeed conducive to economic performance, and its core mechanism is to provide more infrastructure (like roads) rather than tax competition. The PPP model is more sustainable. We are the first to employ both modeling approach and the empirical research to address the implementation of Public–Private Partnership in China. And we have systematically analyzed the conditions and results of PPP selection by local governments. It formulates the Chinese PPP theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a strong relationship between regional integration and economic performance. This paper investigates the impact of regional integration on macroeconomic indicators in the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) – a trade block created by the former Soviet republics in 2014. This study compares two types of regional collaboration strategies: first, unilateral trade liberalization with the one-sided opening of market access that does not imply any mutual concessions, and second, reciprocal regional liberalization evaluated as the degree of regional economic integration between the countries. We apply a random effect panel data analysis with the dataset over 25 years since 1995 covering five countries (Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Russia). We find that, under the current stage, the EAEU positively affects trade flows, negatively affects the level of employment, and has no impact on other economic performance indicators. We also conclude that despite the declared level of economic integration – customs union – Eurasian block functions mainly as a free trade area facilitating mutual trade, which is different from the broader objectives that regional integration aims to achieve. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most of the research in the macroeconomic theory points to the fact that the most important economic aggregates at the level of the economy are: the gross domestic product, the level (rate) of unemployment and the inflation rate. The gross domestic product represents the most synthetic indicator of the total economic activities of a country, i.e. of the reached level of its economic development. This paper presents the methods for calculating GDP: the production, income and expenditure method. Also, in the focus of analysis of this paper are the classical models of economic growth, Keynesian models of economic growth, neoclassical models of economic growth and new models of economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This paper aims to assess banking stability and its determinants in Portugal during the period of 2010—2019. The empirical study starts with the construction of an index, which reflects the aggregated banking stability index (ABSI), using financial soundness indicators (FSI) over the period of 2010–2019, on a quarterly basis. The ABSI is then used as the dependent variable to assess the determinants of the Portuguese banking stability. The independent variables were classified into macroeconomic and financial variables, respectively, and the ARMA conditional least square method was considered. The findings suggest an improvement in stability since 2017, and point to significant macroeconomic early warning indicators, such as the growth rate of the consumer price index (%ΔCPI), as well as financial ones, such as the ratio of the second money multiplier (M2) to gross domestic product (GDP). This paper contributes to the banking stability literature by examining the Portuguese case for the first time. The results put in evidence that both macroeconomic and financial indicators can be useful predictors of banking instability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the complex causal relationships between various types of environmental regulatory instruments (ERI) and agri-firms' technological innovation employing fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA). The study finds a well-designed set of ERI can promote technological innovation in agribusiness; control-command ERI cannot promote technological innovation in agribusiness solely, market-incentivized ERI is indispensable in promoting firms' innovation performance, implicit ERI plays an important role in promoting firms' innovation and voluntary ERI does not play a significant role in promoting firms' technological innovation. The government should coordinate among various types of ERI and improve the design of ERI to achieve a win-win situation for both economic and environmental performance in the agriculture sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]