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Against the backdrop of high-quality development of the national economy, the development of each city is also facing transformation and upgrading. Cities need high-quality development, and high-quality talents are the key. The problem of attracting high-quality talents in domestic small and medium-sized cities in high-quality development needs to be solved urgently. This paper takes Huai'an, a third-tier city in China, as an example, to understand the intentions and confusions of college students when they seek employment. The qualitative approach of semi-structured interviews is employed. The study finds that in small and mediumsized cities, factors hindering college students from staying in local cities for employment include that the intensity of the government in publicizing high-quality development has not reached to most college students, the guide courses in colleges and universities meet difficulties in the process of delivery, and college students' own career planning are not guided well. In response to the above problems, this paper puts forward suggestions such as strengthening the positive interaction between schools and college students, enhancing the publicity of high-quality urban development among college students, and closely integrating college students' career guidance courses with local development. Quality development attracts more high-quality talents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research background: Ever since Deng Xiaoping introduced the reform and opening-up subpolicy in 1978, China has been able to carve out a distinct socialist economic development path with Chinese characteristics. This trajectory has been instrumental in propelling China towards unprecedented levels of economic growth, albeit accompanied by a host of complex and deeply ingrained challenges. As such, China must now take the onus of transforming its economic development paradigm to unlock new growth opportunities and overcome the persisting issues that have emerged in the wake of this rapid growth. Purpose of the article: The authors furnish a thorough and meticulous description of China's past and present voyage towards economic growth and evaluate the diverse impediments that China encounters in its quest for economic development. The authors' intention is to serve as an example for other developing nations to follow suit and learn from China's experience. Methods: This scholarly paper employs the literature review method to scrutinize the articles published in international and Chinese domestic academic journals that discuss China's economic development spanning from 1949 to 2023. Findings & Value added: The economy is undergoing a transition from expanding production capacity to improving production efficiency. China's economic growth is now driven by innovation and enhanced production efficiency, supported by the government's innovationdriven development strategy. While the government's future priorities include promoting the digital economy and sustainable development, the current focus is on stabilizing growth, employment, and prices amid the Covid-19 pandemic. To achieve this, the government must implement proactive fiscal policies and cautious monetary policies to ensure financial stability and encourage the dynamism of the micro economy through macroeconomic management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chinese local undergraduate universities are in a process of transition into universities of applied sciences. Important aspects of this include strengthening cooperation between universities and industry, cultivating applied talent needed in industry, improving students' employment rates, and promoting economic development. Internships are an important way to help students gain practical experience and deepen university-industry cooperation. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the challenges of the existing internship process in an undergraduate university in China and give suggestions to improve internship quality. Qualitative data from 35 students and 12 administrators/faculty were collected at a local undergraduate university, H University (HU), in central China, which is currently undergoing the process of becoming a university of applied sciences. The findings of the study show issues with the university's model, including communication between industry and university, internship evaluation, student guidance, and internship quality. Recommendations based on the literature are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most empirical studies on the returns to education use current income to proxy for lifetime income due to the lack of longitudinal data. This simplification is found to cause biased estimates and the result is conditional on being employed. This paper quantifies the returns to education with heterogeneity in employment rates, career lengths, and income growth rates. Using data from China, this paper attempts to account for these differences across the life-cycle and estimates the returns to education in terms of lifetime income when actual lifetime earnings data are not available. The model clarifies the mathematical relationship between conditional current returns to education, unconditional current returns to education, and unconditional lifetime returns to education. This new approach explains how employment rates, career lengths, and income growth rates affect the direction and magnitude of the bias in estimating the returns to education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper specifically looks at the rural-urban interaction and contribution of various entities or agents to the total employment in China, rural China, and urban China. The study concentrated on the total employment after 1978 reforms. The paper looked at the 1978-2004 reform and after 2004 reform. It was revealed that 1978-2004 reform hindered the flow of labor from rural to urban but after 2004 reform promoted the flow of labor force from rural to urban China the development, which resulted in a drastic reduction in the rural labor force. Before the reforms, state- and collective-owned units were the only entities that were employing people in China. Even though private enterprises were allowed after the reforms, the leading role of the state- and collective-owned units persist. State-owned units contribute immensely to the total employment in China and urban employment, but its contribution to employment in rural China is negative. Collective-owned and cooperative units show a positive contribution to employment in rural areas but its contribution to the total employment in China is negative. Units with funds from Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan and rural private enterprises also contribute positively to total employment in China. Cooperative units, joint holding corporations Ltd., foreign-funded units, and rural self-employed individuals contribute negatively to the total employment in China. Collective-owned and cooperative units contribute negatively to employment in the urban areas. Urban and rural private enterprises and rural self-employed individuals contribute positively to urban employment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zhang, Y., 2018. Modeling of the stimulating effect of marine circulation industry on the economic development of coastal area of China. In: Liu, Z.L. and Mi, C. (eds.), Advances in Sustainable Port and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 83, pp. 35–40. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. In the case of different economic growth, the current model cannot measure the stimulating effect of marine circulation industry on the economic development of the coastal area of China, to this end, this paper proposes a new method for modeling of the stimulating effect of marine circulation industry on the economic development of the coastal area of China. Firstly, the error correction model is used to analyze the relationship between the marine circulation industry and the economic aggregate of the coastal area of China; then, grey correlation model is used to verify the relationship between the two, at the same time, the panel data model is used to analyze the relationship between the two; finally, each evaluation index is selected to establish the stimulating effect model of marine circulation industry on economic development in coastal areas of China. The experimental results show that the marine circulation industry has significant stimulating effect on the economic output, employment and industrial structure upgrading of Chinese coastal areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is often sold as a project that aims to meet the infrastructure deficit in many underdeveloped parts of the world. However, Chinese projects under the BRI come with features that have negative short-term and long-term implications for the host countries in question. Chinese project financing almost uniformly lacks transparency, including about the terms of this financing, and is accompanied by uncertainty about local benefits such as employment and by poor standards. This paper begins by highlighting some key features of Chinese infrastructure projects under the BRI, before it examines, in detail, the financing of these projects, particularly in South Asia. The article concludes by stating that China’s success in pushing the BRI - despite its several problems - is the result of the inability of democratic nations to come up with feasible alternatives that respect local sensitivities and conditions in the countries in need of infrastructure development. India, especially, has much to reflect upon in respect of its own methods and approaches towards its neighbours and towards overseas development assistance in the wake of China’s BRI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Has the Chinese economy approached the ‘Lewisian turning point’ that marks the ending of the initial phase of industrial transformation fuelled by surplus labour? In this paper we undertake an interpretative survey of the literature on this issue, in the context of China's labour market conditions prior to the reforms and structural change of the past three decades. The available evidence is mixed, and our assessment makes a strong case for probing institutional constraints to labour mobility from an economy‐wide perspective, going beyond the confines of the rural economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a review of services sector development in China. It is found that China’s services have recently emerged as the dominant contributor to economic growth and job creation. Trade in services has also increased dramatically, although China maintains a huge deficit. In comparison with economies at a similar stage of development, however, China’s services sector is lagging behind. Both GDP and employment shares of the services sector are relatively small. Services trade also accounts for a relatively small share of China’s total trade. In particular, China’s new services are underdeveloped. As per capita income rises and resultant urbanization accelerates, the country’s services sector is expected to expand further and hence play a key role in rebalancing China’s economy away from its over-reliance on manufacturing and exporting. To reach this goal, further reforms and prudent government policies are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The article presents abstracts on several topics of economics including growth and structural changes in employment in transition China, the contribution of population health and demographic change to economic growth in China and India and Indonesia's economic performance in comparative perspective and a new policy framework for 2049.

This paper contributes to the assessment of China's rural labor markets. According to our data, the increase in off-farm employment that China experienced during the 1980s and 1990s continued during the 2000s. Our analysis shows that migration has become the most prevalent off-farm activity, although the destination of migrants is shifting from outside of one's province to destinations closer to home. The present paper finds that large shares of male and female individuals, especially those under 40 years, are working off the farm. These findings represent an important contribution to the labor economics field. First, the results of the present paper reveal that the labor transition from the agricultural sector to the non-agricultural sector for key segments of China's rural labor force is nearly complete. Second, although a large share of China's rural labor force work in agriculture, most of these workers are older men and women (and likely would not be willing to take low-wage, labor-intensive jobs). Third, the rising unskilled wage rate in China is partially a result of the tightening of the labor force in the young age cohorts. Finally, due to factors associated with the one child policy and other demographic transition forces, successive age cohorts will continue to fall in absolute number in the coming decade. Assuming China's growth continues, we expect to see further wage increases since it will take higher wages to coax more workers to work off the farm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The creation of more jobs for China's massive labor force is the foremost economic development objective for the Chinese government. This paper analyzes the relations between economic growth and employment growth, between capital growth and employment growth, and between wage growth and employment growth in China. The solution to China's unemployment problem requires not only changes in China's macroeconomic and employment policies, but also a change in the priorities of the country's economic growth model from output growth toward employment growth. Moreover, it will be necessary to handle correctly the relations between labor-intensive industries and capital-intensive industries, balance the interests of laborers and the interests of capital, and support the expansion of domestic demand and the creation of employment opportunities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comments on a study that analyzed the relations between economic growth and employment growth in China. Natural rate of employment within the primary sector of China; Factors that contributed to the economic growth the country, including privatization; Forecast on the status of wages in China.

Urbanization, industrialization and real estate reform have led to a vast growth of the real estate-construction sector in China. Using the 2002 and 2007 provincial input-output tables, this paper examines the importance of the real estate-construction sector in the Chinese economy by applying the hypothetical extraction method. The results show that for the 30 studied provinces, the weighted average impact of the real estate-construction sector accounts for 21 % of total output and for approximately 14 % of all jobs in 2002. For 2007, these figures are 23 and 22 %, respectively. The impact of the real estate-construction sector on total output and employment varies across regions. In 2007, the direct and indirect output and employment of real estate-construction sector accounted for around 15 % of total regional output and employment in Shandong and Henan, and for 40 % in Tianjin, Jilin, Shaanxi, Ningxia and Xinjiang. Our results also indicate that the real estate-construction sector is strongly own final demand oriented and regional economies which highly rely on it are particularly vulnerable to a fall in its demand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are currently two contrasting approaches towards aid policy in Africa: that followed by the West is well known for its conditionality and selectivity and focus on direct financial support, while the approach adopted by China eschews conditionality and concentrates on infrastructure building, The Chinese approach has been criticized for its failure to create direct employment and because, it is argued, its unconditionality hampers good governance in Africa. However, this paper argues that the West faces a dilemma in that governance and its improvements are endogenous to the economic development of a country. Making aid conditional upon governance therefore unduly penalizes countries at the bottom. The Chinese approach, in contrast, avoids this dilemma by directly targeting constraints to development; it may therefore be more effective in generating long-run growth, which may in turn foster good governance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents and tests a series of sources of regional variations in self-employment rate in China in the 2000s, and illustrates that the stage of economic development is a major explanation for the variations of self-employment rate across regions over the past decade. The negative relationship between the stage of economic development and self-employment rate identified in the paper indicates that China has entered the process of fast industrialization, and self-employment is playing a diminishing role in economic growth and employment. We also find a substitution effect between self-employment and private enterprises. While both are important components of China's private sector, private enterprises are becoming an increasingly important source of China's economic growth and employment. Furthermore, our findings also imply that when job opportunities are limited, self-employment in China is likely a forced choice of disadvantaged people who are not qualified for wage jobs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines some of the interrelations that exist between rural China's peasant economy and the wider economy in which it is embedded. In doing so it focuses on the circular flows that link town and countryside. Multiple job holding is strategic in this respect. The paper draws on research undertaken in a peasant village in Hebei Province. The research highlights some remarkable differences that exist between development processes in China and in other developing countries and traces these back to a combination of an enlightened rural policy and the strong linkages that exist between rural China and its urban 'global factory'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses China's recent engagement with Zambia, examining especially Chinese hiring practices, methods of business organisation and the labour conditions maintained by Chinese-operated construction and mining firms. Moving beyond existing analyses which remain focused solely on Chinese trade, aid and investment, this study begins to explore the micro-level of Chinese ventures, arguing that the continued employment of co-nationals as well as the generally substandard labour conditions maintained by Chinese firms lead to the offloading of Zambian workers into the country's burgeoning informal economy. There, newly emerged Chinese businesses stand to threaten local entrepreneurs who lack the resources necessary to parry Chinese competition. The result is a rapidly growing national unemployment rate and an increasing number of Zambians left struggling to sustain their livelihoods. This paper further argues that the characteristics defining China's engagement with Zambia are not particular to the Zambian context alone, but are rather abiding characteristics of overseas Chinese businesses in general. The paper ultimately calls for a policy framework regulating Chinese business activities in Zambia, lest the negative consequences of the Sino-Zambian partnership prevail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Industry collapse has become an important phenomenon in China's recent economic growth fluctuation. This paper develops a simple model to analyze this phenomenon. Our analysis focuses on an external demand decline-caused industry collapse. The model reveals that the combination of large-scale decline in external demand with a horizontal domestic supply curve causes the domestic export industry to undergo a sharp decrease in output in a short period of time, which further leads to a sharp decline in employment. The conventional stabilization policy is less effective in coping with this sudden industry collapse. The Chinese Government needs to formulate an appropriate structural industry stabilization policy to cope with the sudden industry collapse, and, in particular, to implement a direct employment aid program to deal with unemployment resulting from the industry collapse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since 1990, international tourism to China has grown dramatically, as has the rest of the Chinese economy. Its impact on the Chinese economy is estimated for 1997, the last year for which sufficient input–output, social accounting and tourist expenditure data are available when the paper was written. With these data, a so-called type II input–output model is constructed, which enables to estimate direct, indirect and induced impacts. The results show that 1.64% of gross domestic product, 1.40% of household income and 1.01% of Chinese employment is dependent on international tourism. The differences are explained by the sectoral composition of the tourist expenditures, together with the sectoral differences in capital/labour ratios, labour productivity and backward linkages. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the growth of production and employment in China during the period 1978 to the early 1990s. It argues that the Chinese experience with export-led growth provides an excellent case study of the phenomenon of a vent for surplus resources provided by exports, identified by Adam Smith in the Wealth of Nations and elaborated by Hla Myint. The paper extends the Smith-Myint model of‘vent-for-surplus’ productive capacity to‘vent-for-surplus’ resources by allowing for foreign investment flows. The‘vent-for-surplus’ effect of exports on employment and growth is examined in a dynamic labour demand framework for a panel of township and village enterprises (TVEs) in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper quantifies the effects of some proximate causes for the regional productivity disparities of China in 1997 and their growth in the five years thereafter. A novel shift-share approach based on input-output data is used to divide the regional differences, so that explicit attention is paid to the regional consequences of China's specific role in global production networks (with a focus on sectoral value added coefficients). In the process, a new method is proposed to deflate the data in constant prices. The results show that regions with high labor productivity levels in 1997 generally experienced increases of the employment shares in sectors with high productivity levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on a panel of Chinese cities over the period 2004-2009, we analyze the relationship between the level of economic development and the share of urban employment in small businesses. We find that this relationship can be described by an inverted U-shape. In cities with lower levels of economic development, the restructure of the state sector along with a booming service industry is associated with a higher share of employment in small businesses. On the other hand, in cities with higher levels of economic development, a more vibrant manufacturing sector is related to a lower share of employment in small businesses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Provincial income disparity in China has been increasing with rapid economic growth, yet the measurement of the causes of the divergence is relatively inadequate. Based on growth regression analysis and “counterfactual econometrics”, this paper constructs “counterfactual” relative per capita income with consideration of several factors such as initial income level, physical capital, employment, human capital, infrastructure, degree of openness and urbanization. We then measure different factors' contribution to β-convergence and the σ-convergence across provinces. We find out that while contributing significantly to economic growth, different infrastructure, human capital and urbanization rates also result in provincial divergence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Twenty years after it first opened its door to foreign enterprises, one of the greatest challenges facing the Chinese government today is the reform of the state-owned enterprise sectors (which make up half of the country's GDP) in order to make them more efficient. This paper intends to describe and then critically assess a number of major human resource policies introduced in the state-owned railway enterprise (one of the biggest enterprises) in China in its recent manpower reform (downsizing). Through the case of the railway company, a wider picture is revealed of the country's changing employment policy and practice as well as its emerging labour market. In particular, problems relating to human resources such as skill, remuneration, and training are highlighted at both organization and national level. As the reality of 'life-long employment' comes to an end, the notion of 'life-long learning' has been given a high profile in government policy decisions. What, then, has been and is the role of the state in 'creating' and resolving these problems as an employer and as a state governor? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By means of investigation and research of the 7 cities of the urban and rural integration in Henan Province, the paper summarizes five aspects of urban and rural integration in Henan Province in common from the social and economic conditions, spatial characteristics, dynamic mechanism, organization form, security measures: higher level of economic development, the selective advantage of location, the power mechanism characteristics of taking the government as the main body from top to bottom, the organization form of strengthen the construction of new rural area and industrial agglomeration area construction, the security measures of innovation mechanism system.The main sticking point to urban and rural integri-tion is the capital input and output, the rural collective economic power shortage problem, the problem of sustainable development of new rural community. A useful reference is playing the active role of rural cadre and masses initiative to promote the integration of urban and rural by injection power source from bottom to top; much channel solves problem of farmer employment according to local conditions; improve rural economy from hematopoietic function rely on industry development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author discusses the significant role of exporting products to the economic development of Asian countries of China, Japan and Korea for generating employment opportunities. The author focuses on the impacts to the propose trade pattern reform in China towards the country's and Asian countries employment availability. The author also cites the integration of government funded employment opportunities.

Using the case of the Good-Heart Elder Home in Hangzhou, this study investigates the cultural meaning of reemployment programs for middle-aged, lowskilled women in contemporary China. The official discourse of the reemployment programs encourages disciplined and competitive workers and requires the women to abandon their habitus as familial home caregivers and formerly uncompetitive laborers under state socialism. The workers, however, embrace their role as skillful home caregivers to defend their autonomy and social values. This conflict is partially reconciled through informal relationships between the manager and the workers even though personal ties in the workplace are a feature of the socialist habitus that both the management and the workers regard as undesirable. Consideration of the mechanisms of habitus change and the ways in which female employees at the elder home resisted them raises questions about how well these reemployment programs fulfill their stated goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on the effect of financial development on labor participation and employment ratios in China. First, we find that the impacts of financial deepening degree on labor participation are different across regions. The coefficient for financial efficiency degree is statistically significant only in the western region. Second, we find that the coefficient for financial deepening degree is statistically significant only in the western region. Increasing financial efficiency degree decreases employment probability, with the effect being relatively less marked in the central region. However, this probability increases with financial efficiency degree increasing in the western region. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This study examines the linkages between agriculture, industry, and services sectors, and analyses the pattern of economic growth in India. The vector autoregression model is estimated on annual data for the period 1950–1951 to 2009–2010. The results provide strong support for the long-run and a weak support for the short-run linkages among sectors. The development of rural sector is generally synonymous with the growth of agriculture and that of urban sector with the growth of manufacturing and services sectors. The services sector bypassed the successful completion of the process of industrialization, and prematurely emerged as the dominant driver and key lever of economic growth. The development strategy needs to be rebalanced to revitalize agriculture to generate rural employment, support industry, and provide the wage goods and food security. The revitalization of agriculture needs to be complemented by the development of highly productive and internationally competitive manufacturing sector to boost the manufacturing goods exports, stimulate the positive productivity spillovers, provide productive job opportunities to surplus labour in agriculture, generate urban employment, reduce underemployment and disguised unemployment in the informal sector of the urban economy, and accomplish the process of industrialization. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This study investigates how clean coal technology affects output and employment based on panel models for the 31 regions in China, the largest coal producer and consumer in the world, during 2000-2012. The results show that the coal consumption structure has positive effects on output and insignificant negative effects on employment, while carbon emission intensity has strong negative effects on both. These results provide evidence that the spread of clean coal technology, which can reduce carbon emissions without diminishing coal consumption, is an effective way in which to stimulate output and employment. Further, both productivity improvement and the upgrading of the industrial structure have strong positive effects on output and employment. Therefore, China should provide preferential policies and encourage the entry of private capital to stimulate enterprise development, further accelerating the spread of clean coal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The integration of China's huge workforce into the global trading system has had profound effects on economies worldwide. Trade with China has been shown to lead to wage losses and declining employment in developed countries. The integration of the Chinese economy into the world trade is also frequently blamed for rising inequality. This article analyses policy instruments that can remedy the rising levels of income inequality in industrialised countries, differentiating between the short-term causes, e.g. the slow reallocation of workers across sectors, and the long-term ones, e.g. the increased demand for skilled workers. Instruments considered include a general wage tax, sector-specific taxes on consumption and profit, tailored subsidies for firms, and training subsidies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The arguments for and against balanced or unbalanced growth in developing countries represent a long history. In the past several decades it has been fashionable, among economists and policymakers alike, to assume that unbalanced growth would be a major cause for growth of output and incomes in developing countries. Unbalanced growth essentially meant a much more rapid growth of industry than of agriculture. Until recently, rapid modernization of agriculture was rarely recognized as a precondition for industrialization. Writers like Hirschman (1958) argued that heavy industry should be given priority since it had higher backward and forward linkages whereas 'agriculture certainly stands convicted on the count of its lack of direct stimulus to the setting up of new activities through linkage effects . . .'.
During the 1950s and early 1960s (that is, the Mao-period), China followed the Soviet model of heavy industrialization, which seems to have been somewhat downplayed in the post-Mao period (i.e. late 1970s and 1980s) during which a shift, from heavy industry to light industry and from industry to agriculture, has been noticeable. This paper uses the input-output table for China for 1981 to examine output and employment linkages and sectoral interdependence between agricultural and non-agricultural sectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Utilizing Chinese data for the years of 1998, 2000, 2005, and 2008, this research traces the growth of the creative economy and the enlarging income inequality in China's urban economy. While the creative sector now makes up close to 30 percent of China's urban private employment, industry-based earnings disparity has also increased substantively. Provinces with larger creative economy also tend to have higher level of wage inequality among workers of the creative sector, the working sector, and the service sector. Several other factors, especially internal migration flow, size of manufacturing, and ownership structure in local economy, are found to be significantly linked to inequality as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Using county-level employment data, we analyse how the spatial concentration of jobs has changed in China's Pearl River Delta (PRD) between 1990 and 2005. Despite unique Chinese policies that exhibit strong influence on the economic landscape, we detect key parallels with the patterns found in classic theories and empirical studies in Western contexts. Total employment has become increasingly concentrated. This aggregate picture hides important sectoral variations though: manufacturing employment has spread out to suburban areas; producer service jobs have increasingly concentrated in metropolitan centres; and consumer and public services have clustered in areas with high aggregate population. We argue that the major forces that are shaping the economic landscape in PRD are the market institutions and development path-dependency. Under the circumstances of an increasingly liberalised market and decentralised government, policy now may function as a dynamic tool to magnify local spatial-economic and historical advantages and to balance uneven regional development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to examine whether overemployment has existed in the Chinese agricultural sector since 2000. The moment when overemployment ceases to exist is called the ‘turning point.’ After the turning point, an economy would be classified as entering the developed stage. Since the later half of the 2000s, many studies have analyzed the turning point of the Chinese economy. However, these studies have not reached a consensus as to the existence of overemployment. Varieties of data sources for the empirical studies have affected the discrepancies of these results. This study uses the flow data (e.g., the days of work and the daily wage) rather than stock. From our estimation results, we confirm that the Chinese agricultural sector has been increasing its production efficiency. In addition, our study indicates that overemployment is decreasing in almost all provinces and some regions have achieved a turning point. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using a longitudinal data-set (the China Health and Nutrition Survey) we explored the effect of various economic factors, including household wealth, employment sector, and involvement in a household business on the division of extended families in China's transitional economy. Results from event history analyses suggest that these economic factors act as either a dividing or a unifying force on the extended family. Household wealth reduces the risk of family division, but the effect is weaker for families in which parents have upper secondary education. In addition, an extended family is more likely to divide when married children work in the state sector. Further, the probability of family division is higher in families where daughters-in-law work in the state sector than in those with sons in this sector. Finally, involvement in a household business for married children increases family stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents abstracts on land use planning topics, including "Historical Amnesia: New Urbanism and the City of Tomorrow," "More Than Sector Theory: Homer Hoyt's Contributions to Planning Knowledge" and "Methodology for the Survival Analysis of Urban Building Stocks."

The continuous growth of the Chinese economy for the past thirty years has given rise to an increasing number of firms of all types operating in the country. The educational system has not been able to produce sufficient qualified professionals at the same rate, turnover is on the rise, and the war for talent is intense. Under the circumstances, the best strategy for a company wishing to compete in the market is to retain its existing talent. How can this be achieved? What determines job satisfaction and turnover intentions of the young generation of Chinese professionals in a very dynamic labor market? These are the questions dealt with in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Investigates the history and structure of the labor market in China. Reforms that were implemented by the country regarding the market, including the development of its entrepreneurial sector; Factors that contributed to differential economic growth in the country; Information on its employment and wages during the 1990s.

Discusses the importance of the formation of college students' employment choices in the economic development of China. Search for jobs in cities; Job preferences of college graduates; Consideration of the accomplishments of graduates.

Discusses globalization, economic development and the use of guanxi for job searching in China. Labor reforms introduced in China by 1979; Importance of guanxi in employment and business relationships among the Chinese; Reasons for Overseas Chinese investing in China.