Search

Introduction: Electronic versions of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) seem to have a clear administrative logging advantage to traditional paper versions. However, most of them have not been formally evaluated for their suitability to replace paper outcome measures for assessment of individuals with lower-limb amputations. The aim of this study is to examine the usability and equivalence of electronic to paper versions of PROMs suitable for use in prosthetic clinical care and research for persons with lower-limb loss. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 10 participants remotely completed the following PROMs online and then on paper: Orthotic and Prosthetic User Survey (OPUS), Modified Falls Efficacy Scale (MFES), Prosthetic Evaluation Questionnaire (PEQ), Patient Health Questionnaire–9 (PHQ-9), and Community Participation Indicators (CPI). Participants also answered open-ended and standardized questions regarding the usability of the electronic surveys. Wilcoxon signed rank tests, comparisons to minimum detectable change, intraclass correlation coefficients, and Bland-Altman plots were used to evaluate differences between the two survey versions, meaningful changes in scores, reliability, and systematic biases, respectively. Results: Electronic surveys had fewer missing or ambiguous responses than paper surveys; however, the PEQ Social Burdens subscale could not be evaluated due to error in the creation of the electronic survey. No significant differences were found between scores of the two versions for any of the measures, but multiple participants had meaningful changes in the Appearance and Sounds PEQ subscales. All measures demonstrated acceptable reliability between versions, except the Appearance, Perceived Response, and Sounds subscales of the PEQ. No systematic biases in scores or usability concerns were found for any measures. Conclusions: This study analysis showed that most of the electronic PROMs studied are easily used and demonstrate equivalence to the paper versions. However, the PEQ Appearance, Perceived Response, Sounds, and Social Burden subscales require further evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aim of this study is to investigate the pesticide safety behaviours and related factors among cabbage farmers in Kalaw Township, Myanmar. Background: Unsafe chemical pesticide practices affect farmers' health and the environment. Understanding pesticide safety behaviours is necessary for healthcare providers to protect agriculture workers against unwanted adverse health effects. Methods: The cross‐sectional study was conducted among 195 cabbage farmers from March to May 2019. Safety behaviours and factors applied in the PRECEDE–PROCEDE model as a framework were assessed using questionnaires. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression was applied to identify any associations. Results: Altogether, 72.1% of the farmers had a low level of safety behaviours. Goggles and masks were rarely used before and during pesticide applications. All of the farmers experienced adverse health effects after using pesticides. The attitudes toward pesticide poisoning; support from family, co‐workers and healthcare providers; and the availability of personal protective equipment were significantly associated with safety behaviours. Conclusion: Our data provide novel empirical evidence for an opportunity to design effective nursing interventions to promote pesticide safety behaviours among Myanmar agricultural workers. Nurses should pay more attention to promoting comprehensive interventions to reduce both exposure and health effects among agricultural workers through the involvement of supported stakeholders. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? Farmers and agricultural workers have extensively used pesticides in all steps of cultivation and face a greater risk of pesticide exposure, which could result in adverse health effects.Owing to the lack of research on community health promotion conducted in Myanmar, the burden of the consequences and adverse effects of pesticides remains a significant health issue. What this paper adds? Findings reveal a clear framework for better understanding and assessing pesticide safety behaviours among agricultural workers and farmers in Myanmar.Findings contribute new knowledge for nursing community health promotion by enhancing understanding of multilevel factors, including international and external factors, associated with safety behaviours among agricultural workers and farmers. The implications of this paper: Nurses and other healthcare professionals should be aware of the importance of preventing adverse health effects among agricultural workers in the community and interventions aimed at promoting safety behaviours should be focused not only on individuals but also on the involvement of social supports—particularly family and co‐workers.Nursing policymakers should consider strengthening the nursing role in the recognition of pesticide risk exposure and health outcomes, management of pesticide poisoning and exposure and prevention of pesticide‐related health conditions both in nursing education and nursing practice.Local authorities and policymakers should focus their attention on health promotion and health services to promote safety behaviours when using pesticides, and treatment and extension services should be provided for cases of suspected pesticide poisoning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To test the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Self‐Care in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Inventory on a sample of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in China. Background: Measuring the self‐care of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is vital to promote the performance of effective self‐care behaviours. However, few instruments have been developed to measure self‐care in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and the existing instruments lack theoretical support and satisfactory psychometrics properties. The Self‐Care in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Inventory based on Middle‐Range Theory of Self‐Care of Chronic Illness has been developed and tested previously in Italian and US population. Design: A cross‐sectional instrument development study. Methods: Construct validity was tested by confirmatory factor analysis and hypothesis testing, and reliability internal consistency using factor score determinacy coefficients. Results: A convenience sample of 185 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was recruited from September 2020 to January 2022. The instrument consists of three scales: self‐care maintenance, self‐care monitoring and self‐care management. Confirmatory factor analysis performed on the three scales produced good fit indices. The internal consistency was adequate with factor score determinacy coefficients ranging from 0.891 to 0.953 in Self‐Care Maintenance Scale, 0.990 to 0.993 in Self‐Care Monitoring Scale and 0.750 to 0.976 in Self‐Care Management Scale. Conclusions: The Chinese version of the Self‐Care in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Inventory has acceptable reliability and validity. Some differences from the original instrument were identified. Further validation studies should be conducted to confirm the psychometric properties of the instrument in Chinese population. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? The Middle‐Range Theory of Self‐care of Chronic Illness has been used to direct clinical nursing practice for coronary heart disease, heart failure, hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and other chronic illnesses and has been shown to have good guiding significance for clinical nursing practice for the self‐care of clinical chronic illness.In patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, self‐care has a significant positive effect on preserving disease stability and enhancing health‐related quality of life.There is a shortage of moderate length evaluation instruments for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease self‐care with comprehensive theoretical assessment content, but the Self‐Care in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Inventory, based on the Middle‐Range Theory of Self‐care of Chronic Illness, has been demonstrated to have positive application effects in Italy and the United States. However, its applicability in China is unclear. What this paper adds? This paper indicates that the Chinese version of the Self‐Care in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Inventory has good reliability and validity and can reflect the self‐care ability of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in China. The implications of this paper: The results show that the Chinese version of the Self‐Care in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Inventory is simple and accessible, and nurses can use it to assess patients' capacity for self‐care regularly.The Chinese version of the Self‐Care Scale has different dimensions from the original scale, indicating that different medical backgrounds and varying understanding of concept of self‐care in various nations may result in various self‐care behaviours.To ensure its wider application, the development of this scale necessitates cross‐cultural adaptation of populations in more countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: Psychological insulin resistance is a common barrier to initiation and persistence with insulin therapy that affects approximately 42.7% of people living with type II diabetes mellitus, which may negatively impact self‐management. This study aimed to assess patients' levels of psychological insulin resistance and to identify factors associated with self‐management in patients with type II diabetes mellitus treated with insulin therapy. Methods: We adopted a cross‐sectional design. Subjects from the metabolism and endocrinology outpatient departments of a regional teaching hospital in central Taiwan were recruited by consecutive sampling. Patients were assessed for psychological insulin resistance and self‐management using the barriers to insulin treatment questionnaire and the partners in health scale. Results: A total of 222 patients with type II diabetes mellitus were recruited. Patients had an average psychological insulin resistance score of 3.14 (maximum of 8). Positive self‐management was associated with insulin therapy injection by patient, fewer expectations regarding positive insulin‐related outcomes, no diabetes‐related complications, less fear of injection and self‐testing, no hypoglycaemia within the previous year, and younger age. Conclusion: Insulin therapy injection by patient and no diabetes‐related complications were the most common factors associated with overall self‐management and with each domain of self‐management in patients with type II diabetes mellitus treated with insulin therapy. Insulin therapy education should be offered to improve patients' beliefs about insulin therapy and enhance patients' ability to perform self‐management. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? Psychological insulin resistance is a common psychological barrier to initiation and persistence with insulin therapy.Psychological insulin resistance causes poor glycaemic control and diabetes‐related complications.Psychological insulin resistance may negatively impact self‐management in patients with type II diabetes mellitus. What is the contribution of this paper? Positive self‐management was associated with insulin therapy injection by patient, fewer expectations regarding positive insulin‐related outcomes, no diabetes‐related complications, less fear of injection and self‐testing, no hypoglycaemia within the previous year, and younger age.Insulin therapy injection by patient and no diabetes‐related complications were the most common factors associated with overall self‐management and with each domain of self‐management in patients with type II diabetes mellitus treated with insulin therapy.Patients with poor self‐management had statistically significantly higher levels of overall psychological insulin resistance, fear of injections and self‐testing, expectations regarding positive insulin‐related outcomes, and stigmatization by insulin injections, compared to those with appropriate self‐management. What are the implications of this paper? Knowing in advance the factors associated with diabetes self‐management will allow healthcare professionals prevent psychological insulin resistance in patients with type II diabetes mellitus treated with insulin therapy.Healthcare professionals can design and provide patient‐centred diabetes education based on education level to enhance self‐management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: The aims of this study were as follows: (a) to examine the relationship between perceived organizational support and resilience; (b) to investigate the potential mediating role of general self‐efficacy and cognitive reappraisal among emergency nurses who have experienced workplace violence; and (c) to explore the application of Kumpfer's resilience framework to emergency department nurses. Design: A cross‐sectional study. Methods: From February 17, 2021, to March 8, 2021, 825 emergency nurses working in the emergency departments of tertiary hospitals in Shanghai, China, completed an online survey. Data on resilience, organizational support, cognitive reappraisal and general self‐efficacy were collected through questionnaires. The Spearman analysis was employed to investigate the relationship between variables, while the mediation analysis was conducted using AMOS 23.0 statistical software. Results: The findings of a study involving 825 emergency nurses who reported experiencing workplace violence reveal a positive correlation between perceived organizational support and resilience. Additionally, it has been observed that the relationship between these two factors is mediated by both cognitive reappraisal and general self‐efficacy. Furthermore, the mediating effect of cognitive reappraisal is more significant in this relationship. Conclusion: Kumpfer's resilience framework is found to apply to emergency nurses. Perceived organizational support, an environmental factor, affects resilience directly and positively. In addition, cognitive reappraisal and general self‐efficacy, which are individual factors, mediate this influence path. These findings suggest an interaction between environmental and individual factors in determining the resilience of emergency nurses. Impact: These findings have implications for developing resilience intervention strategies for emergency nurses exposed to occupational violence. Enhancing personal attributes such as general self‐efficacy and cognitive reappraisal is as significant as strengthening external organizational support environments for enhancing nurses' resilience. Patient or Public Contribution: Emergency nurses participated in the pilot test of our questionnaire survey and gave their opinions on the questionnaire design. Summary Statement: What is already known about the topic? In emergency rooms, workplace violence is prevalent, and it seriously endangers nurses' physical and mental health. Enhancing resilience can improve nurses' ability to self‐regulate after experiencing violence. However, the drivers and mechanisms of resilience among emergency nurses who have experienced workplace violence remain unidentified. What this paper adds? This study confirms the applicability of Kumpfer's resilience framework to emergency nurses who have experienced workplace violence. Nurses' self‐efficacy and cognitive reappraisal mediate the relationship between perceived organizational support and resilience after exposure to workplace violence. The resilience process for emergency nurses involves the interaction of individual and environmental factors. Implications for practice/policy. Managers and researchers should consider the interaction between individual and environmental factors when developing resilience intervention strategies for emergency nurses who have suffered workplace violence. It is essential to support emergency nurses from the dyadic dimensions of the environment and the individual. A supportive organizational environment and individual positive adjustment strategies are equally important in promoting resilience among nurses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Negative perceptions within parent–child relationship has become a focus of research in recent psychological literature. Keeping this in view, the current paper aims to study how parental psychological maltreatment and negative cognitive style connect with psychological distress among Pakistani adolescents? Three hundred and seventy adolescents including 200 boys and 170 girls took part in the study. The mean age was 16.11 (SD = 1.54). Participants from different educational institutes filled in Psychological Maltreatment Experience Scale, Adolescent Cognitive Style Questionnaire – Short Form (Adapted version) and Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale. Findings of the study indicated that both parental psychological maltreatment and negative cognitive styles have strong association with psychological distress. The results emphasize the role of negative cognition in parent–child relationship and importance of reducing the hostile effects of parental maltreatment on youth's mental health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives Exposure of adults to secondhand smoke (SHS) has immediate adverse effects on the cardiovascular system and causes coronary heart disease. The current study evaluated brief self-report screening measures for accurately identifying adult cardiology patients with clinically significant levels of SHS exposure in need of intervention. Design and setting A cross-sectional study conducted in a university-affiliated cardiology clinic and cardiology inpatient service. Patients Participants were 118 non-smoking patients (59% male, mean age=63.6 years, SD=16.8) seeking cardiology services. Main outcome measures Serum cotinine levels and self-reported SHS exposure in the past 24 h and 7 days on 13 adult secondhand exposure to smoke (ASHES) items. Results A single item assessment of SHS exposure in one’s own home in the past 7 days was significantly correlated with serum cotinine levels (r=0.41, p<0.001) with sensitivity ≥75%, specificity >85% and correct classification rates >85% at cotinine cut-off points of >0.215 and >0.80 ng/mL. The item outperformed multiitem scales, an assessment of home smoking rules, and SHS exposure assessed in other residential areas, automobiles and public settings. The sample was less accurate at self-reporting lower levels of SHS exposure (cotinine 0.05-0.215 ng/mL). Conclusions The single item ASHES-7d Home screener is brief, assesses recent SHS exposure over a week's time, and yielded the optimal balance of sensitivity and specificity. The current findings support use of the ASHES- 7d Home screener to detect SHS exposure and can be easily incorporated into assessment of other major vital signs in cardiology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to provide knowledge on medical trainees' considerations about specialisation as they move from undergraduate to postgraduate medical education; especially their interest in general practice compared to other specialities. We developed and content-validated a questionnaire to examine medical trainees' speciality considerations and conducted a descriptive, cross-sectional study. All medical trainees initiating their internship in Denmark in 2022 (N = 1,188) were invited to participate in the study. Medical specialities were categorised as hospital service specialities, internal medicine specialities, primary care, psychiatry specialities and surgery and emergency specialities. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the cohort and examine the participants' speciality considerations by assigning them to one of the following three orientations: committed, undecided or non-committed to a speciality. The response rate was 38.8% (n = 461), and participants' mean age was 27.4 years with a majority of females (68.1%). Nearly 25% of the participants had general practice as speciality preference, and only 13.9% had excluded general practice for future specialisation. Overall, around half of the participants had general practice as a first, second or third preference for specialisation. Danish medical trainees show considerable interest in general practice at the time of their transition from undergraduate to postgraduate education. However, to meet future demands on the primary care, further recruitment of general practitioners is still needed. This knowledge of the specialities' recruitment potential will likely be of interest to medical educators and healthcare planners alike. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accessible Summary: What is already known?: The nurse–patient relationship in mental health care is an important focus of mental health nursing theories and research.There is limited evidence about which factors influence nurse‐sensitive patient outcomes of the nurse–patient relationship. This hinders the development, planning, delivering, and quality assurance of the nurse–patient relationship in nursing practice and nursing education. What this paper adds to existing knowledge?: To our best knowledge, this is the first study to examine associations between nurse‐sensitive patient outcomes of the nurse–patient relationship and a range of patient characteristics and relationship‐contextual factors.In this study, we found that gender, age, hospital characteristics, nurse availability when needed, nurse contact, and nurse stimulation were associated with the scores on the nurse‐sensitive patient outcome scale. What are the implications for practice?: Having insight into the factors associated with nurse‐sensitive patient outcomes of the nurse–patient relationship can help nurses, nursing students, nursing management and also patients to enhance the nurse–patient relationship, trying to influence outcomes of nursing care. Introduction: The lack of evidence on patient characteristics and relational‐contextual factors influencing nurse‐sensitive patient outcomes of a nurse–patient relationship is a possible threat to the quality and education of the nurse–patient relationship. Aim: To measure nurse‐sensitive patient outcomes of the nurse–patient relationship and to explore the associations between nurse‐sensitive patient outcomes and a range of patient characteristics and relational‐contextual factors. Method: In a multicenter cross‐sectional study, 340 inpatients from 30 units in five psychiatric hospitals completed the Mental Health Nurse‐Sensitive Patient Outcome Scale. Descriptive, univariate and Linear Mixed Model analyses were conducted. Results: Overall, patient‐reported outcomes were moderate to good. Female participants, nurse availability when needed, more nurse contact and nurse stimulation were associated with higher outcomes. Age differences were observed for some of the outcomes. Outcomes also varied across hospitals but were not related to the number of times patients were hospitalized or to their current length of stay in the hospital. Discussion: The results may help nurses to become more sensitive and responsive to factors associated with nurse‐sensitive patient outcomes of the nurse–patient relationship. Implications: The nurse‐sensitive results can support nurses in designing future nurse–patient relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This study examined the relationships between patient‐centred care, diabetes self‐management and selected health outcomes for Omani patients with type‐2 diabetes. Methods: Cross‐sectional surveys were administered for 237 patients with type‐2 diabetes. Hierarchical regression analyses examined the relationships between the selected study variables. Results: The sample was middle‐aged (M = 48, SD = 11.0 years) with nearly a decade (M = 9.68, SD = 6.11) since being diagnosed with type‐2 diabetes, with higher than ideal glycaemic control measures (M = 8.8%, SD = 2.4%). In bivariate analyses, patient‐centred care was positively associated with diabetes self‐management but not with glycaemic control or quality of life. However, after controlling demographic and clinical characteristics, patient‐centred care was positively associated with both physical and mental aspects of health‐related quality of life. In the final regression model, controlling for demographic and clinical characteristics and patient‐centred care, diabetes self‐management significantly predicted both glycaemic control and both physical and mental aspects of health‐related quality of life. Conclusions: The findings support that providing individualized care may contribute to the self‐management of chronic conditions. For achieving optimal outcomes, it may be necessary for providers to effectively assess patients' unique challenges and motivations. Increasing diabetes self‐management may improve quality of life and reduce diabetes complications. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? Patient‐centred care (PCC) enhances diabetes self‐management (DSM).Little is known about the primary care nurse's role in promoting DSM within a PCC model. What this paper adds? PCC contributes to DSM and improves patient health outcomes.Expecting patients with diabetes to comply with provided instructions may not be enough to change self‐management behaviours. The implications of this paper Administrators responsible for employing a PCC approach in their clinics may need to establish clear goals and expectations for each team member to achieve overall success and ensue that nurses and physicians have targeted training on specific strategies to encourage patient‐provider partnerships that support the adoption of effective DSM behaviours.As the patient‐centred model of care is implemented in Oman, medical and nursing education programmes may highlight in their curricula its potential impact upon self‐management behaviours.Observational studies and longitudinal research to monitor Oman's progress towards the transition to a PCC model of care may uncover modifiable barriers and facilitators that primary care providers encounter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To explore how family functioning and family resilience mediate the relationship between disability severity and quality of home‐based care among families with disabled older adults. Methods: A cross‐sectional survey was conducted with 431 families with Uygur and Kazakh disabled older adults in Xinjiang, China, in 2020. The data were collected using the Katz Activity of Daily Living Scale; Mini‐Mental State Examination; Family Adaptation, Partnership, Growth, Affection and Resolve Index Scale; Family Resilience Assessment Scale; and Family Caregiving Consequences Inventory Scale. All mediation effects were estimated in SPSS26.0. Results: Disability severity, family functioning and family resilience were all significantly correlated with home‐based care quality. Disability severity had a 46.16% direct effect on home‐based care quality and a 53.84% indirect effect on home‐based care quality independently and in series through family functioning and family resilience. Conclusions: Disability severity directly affected home‐based care quality and had an indirect influence via family functioning and family resilience. Multidisciplinary care teams should focus on families with disabled older adults and help them improve family functioning and family resilience by implementing targeted interventions, so as to improve home‐based care quality. Summary statement: What is already known about the topic? Literature has clarified that social support and caregiver competence mediate the path relationship between disability severity and home‐based care quality from the perspective of individuals.Long‐term care for disabled older adults affects not only informal caregivers but also the whole family.The role of the family, such as family functioning and family resilience, in the whole process remains unclear. What this paper adds? Findings indicated relationships between disability severity, family functioning, family resilience and home‐based care quality.Disability severity can indirectly influence home‐based care quality not only through family functioning or family resilience but also through family functioning affecting family resilience. The implications of this paper Findings indicate that community nurses should not only pay attention to disabled older adults and their informal caregivers but also consider the impact of family functioning and family resilience when formulating interventions to improve the quality of home‐based care.When disabled older adults are transferred from hospitals to home, community rehabilitation nurses should intervene as early as possible, providing guidance on rehabilitation training and daily living skills for disabled older adults to restore and maintain function and prevent complications.Community nurses can conduct case counselling services for family members to understand and satisfy their care needs, enhancing their confidence, cohesion and problem‐solving abilities to improve the quality of home‐based care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To explore the validity and reliability of the Missed Nursing Care Survey after translating it into the Arabic language. Methods: We employed a cross‐sectional design. We recruited 260 Jordanian nurses, and data were collected between May and July 2020. Translation, acceptability, construct, convergent, discriminant validity and reliability were investigated. Results: The factor analysis showed an adequate fit (three subscales) between the proposed missing care survey model and the observed data. This model reflected the survey's construct, convergent and discriminant validity, explaining 58.88% of the variance collectively. Confirmatory factor analyses showed adequate goodness‐of‐fit results (goodness of fit index = 0.91, comparative fit index = 0.94, increment fit index = 0.94, Tucker Lewis index = 0.92 and root mean square error of approximation = 0.06). The total Cronbach alpha and composite reliability achieved the criterion for all constructs in this survey. Conclusion: This Arabic version of the Missed Nursing Care Survey achieved the required level of validity and reliability. Measuring missed care and its reasons may help to improve quality of health services and assist nurse managers in designing appropriate interventions to reduce it. Adoption of culturally acceptable instruments by health‐care policymakers may support patient safety. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? The Missed Nursing Care Survey was designed to identify reasons for missed nursing care.The Missed Nursing Care Survey has been shown to be a reliable and valid measure among various populations and different languages. What this paper adds? The Arabic version of the Missed Nursing Care Survey was shown to be a valid and reliable tool.Measuring the quality and procedures of nursing care in the Arabic region will aid in understanding the differences between countries. The implications of this paper: Adoption of culturally acceptable instruments by health‐care policymakers may support patient safety.Measuring missed care and its reasons may help to improve the quality of health services and assist nurse managers in designing appropriate interventions to reduce it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The majority of children with cerebral palsy (CP) experience challenges in functional communication from a young age. A pivotal aspect of functional communication is language comprehension. A variety of classification systems and questionnaires are available to classify and describe functional communication skills in children with CP. A better understanding of the convergent validity of (subsections of) these tools, as well as their relationship with spoken language comprehension, will be valuable in both clinical practice and research. Aims: To investigate the convergent validity of (subsections of) functional communication tools and the relationship with spoken language comprehension in children with CP. Methods & Procedures: Cross‐sectional data on 138 children were subdivided into three developmental stages based on (Dutch) educational phases: ages 18 months–3;11y (n = 59), 4;0–5;11 years (n = 37) and 6;0–8;11 years (n = 42). The following functional communication tools were used to classify and describe functional communication: Communication Function Classification System (CFCS), subscales of the Caregivers Priorities and Child Health Index of Life with Disabilities—Dutch Version (CPCHILD‐DV) and the Focus on Communication Under Six‐34 (FOCUS‐34) questionnaire. Spoken language comprehension was assessed with the Computer‐Based instrument for Low motor Language Testing (C‐BiLLT). Correlations between the functional communication tools, and with the C‐BiLLT, were calculated using Pearson's and Spearman's correlation coefficients. It was hypothesized a priori that correlations of at least 0.60 suggest good convergent validity. Outcomes & Results: At all developmental stages, a significant ordered decreasing tendency of communication outcomes was found across CFCS levels; lower CFCS levels were associated with lower scores on the CPCHILD‐DV and FOCUS‐34, and with a lower level of spoken language comprehension (C‐BiLLT). Correlation coefficients of the functional communication tools exceeded 0.60 at all developmental stages. Correlations between C‐BiLLT raw scores and the functional communication tools varied between 0.351 and 0.591 at developmental stage 18 months–3;11 years, between 0.781 and 0.897 at developmental stage 4;0–5;11 years, and between 0.635 and 0.659 at developmental stage 6;0–8;11 years. Conclusions & Implications: The functional communication tools assessed in this study showed convergent validity at all developmental stages. The CFCS, currently most widely used in paediatric rehabilitation, is adequate in the classification of functional communication. However, for more detailed clinical goal setting and evaluation of change in functional communication, the additional use of FOCUS‐34 or CPCHILD‐DV is recommended. What this paper adds: What is already known on the subject: A range of functional communication tools are available that help describe and classify functional communication in children with CP. These include the CFCS, subsections of CPCHILD‐DV and FOCUS‐34. The CFCS classifies functional communication in daily life with familiar and unfamiliar partners. Specific subsections of the CPCHILD‐DV and FOCUS‐34 include items that pertain to communicative participation. The innovative C‐BiLLT provides a standardized method to assess spoken language comprehension in children with CP and significant motor impairments. What this paper adds to existing knowledge: In the present study, convergent validity was confirmed between CFCS and specific subsections of the CPCHILD‐DV and FOCUS‐34. Correlations between these functional communication tools and the C‐BiLLT were moderate to strong. What are the potential or actual clinical implications of this work?: For clinical and research purposes (for instance, accurate prescription of augmentative and alternative communication—AAC), healthcare and educational professionals together with parents need to know how functional communication tools converge and how functional communication levels relate to the comprehension of spoken language. The CFCS provides a valid classification of functional communication abilities in children with CP. However, to measure change in functional communication and to evaluate treatment outcomes, use of additional functional communication tools such as the CPCHILD‐DV and FOCUS‐34 is recommended. When discrepancies are found between communicative abilities and spoken language comprehension, it is strongly recommended that valid tools are used in a more detailed examination of the child's spoken language comprehension skills and functional communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The purpose of this study was to translate the Stoma‐quality of life into Chinese and evaluate its psychometric properties in Chinese patients. Background: Quality of life is an important issue for patients with colostomy, and its appropriate and precise measurement is beneficial to promoting better care. The Stoma‐quality of life questionnaire has been widely used; however, the validity and reliability of its Chinese version has not been determined. Design A cross‐sectional validation study was conducted. Methods: We translated the Stoma‐quality of life into Chinese using standardized methods. Then it was psychometrically tested on a convenience sample of 513 patients with colostomy. Construct validity was evaluated via exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. Reliability was measured with Cronbach's alpha and the split‐half Spearman–Brown coefficient. Results: The content validity, the Cronbach's α coefficient and the Spearman–Brown split‐half reliability coefficient indicated adequate validity and reliability. The exploratory factor analysis yielded four common factors, and the cumulative variance contribution rate was 67.5%. Moreover, the confirmatory factor analysis showed a good model fit. Conclusion: This study confirmed that the Chinese version of Stoma‐quality of life is an effective and reliable measurement for evaluating the quality of life of patients with colostomy. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? Quality of life (QOL) is an important issue for patients with colostomy, and it is conducive to evaluate the effect of specific treatment and nursing interventions. However, a tailored instrument measuring QOL in Chinese patients with colostomy is lacking.The Stoma‐QOL is a widely used stoma‐specific instrument based on Hunt and McKennal's basic QOL demand model and has shown acceptable psychometric properties. What this paper adds? This study provides evidence of the construct validity and internal consistency reliability of the Stoma‐QOL‐C.The four‐factor structure of the scale shows the aspects and complexity of QOL of patients with colostomy.The study proves the Stoma‐QOL‐C a valid and reliable measure of assessing QOL of patients with colostomy. The implication of this paper: The Stoma‐QOL‐C could be used as a disease‐specific scale to evaluate the QOL of patients with colostomy.This study adds the knowledge of the psychometric properties regarding the inventory in diverse cultural backgrounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To evaluate the reliability, internal consistency, and construct validity of the Swedish versions of PROMIS-29 and Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Dyspnea (FACIT-Dyspnea) instruments in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc). In a cross-sectional study, consecutive SSc patients completed a paper-based survey. Internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach's alpha. Test–retest reliability was tested employing weighted Kappa (Kw) and intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC). Construct validity was evaluated by hypotheses testing using RAND-36, MRC Dyspnea score, Scleroderma Health Assessment Questionnaire (SHAQ) and clinical measurements. Forty-nine patients (86% female; 73% limited cutaneous SSc) completed the survey. The mean disease duration was 11 years and mean SHAQ was 0.5. Internal consistency and test–retest reliability were good with the exception of PROMIS-29 anxiety. PROMIS-29, FACIT-Dyspnea, and Functional limitation showed strong correlations to corresponding RAND-36 domains (|rs|=0.67 to −0.85). Relevant PROMIS-29 domains, FACIT-Dyspnea and Functional limitation correlated strongly to SHAQ and VAS overall disease severity (|rs|=0.60 to −0.75). Ceiling effects (>15%) were found in six PROMIS-29 domains and in both FACIT-Dyspnea and Functional limitations. Four (4/5) hypotheses were confirmed. PROMIS-29 and FACIT-Dyspnea meet the requirements for reliability and have adequate construct validity in Swedish patients with SSc. PROMIS-29v2 and Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Dyspnea (FACIT-Dyspnea) Index are patient outcome measures that gain increasing interest for the evaluation of patient with rheumatologic diseases. PROMIS-29v2 and FACIT-Dyspnea Index meet the requirements for reliability and have adequate construct validity compared to legacy measures in Swedish patients with systemic sclerosis. Translation and validation of PROMs is important for studies of rare diseases in multi-center collaborations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The aim of this study was a clinical validation of the NANDA‐I nursing diagnosis "Impaired Resilience (00210)" in people under fertility treatment and determination of the sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value of the defining characteristics. Methods: A cross‐sectional study was conducted between September 2019 and June 2020. A total of 104 patients were recruited through fertility‐related websites, and they answered an online questionnaire after giving informed consent. The Rasch model was used for statistical analysis. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee. Findings: The "Impaired Resilience (00210)" had a prevalence of 15.4% in the sample, and seven defining characteristics confirmed as representative are "decreased interest in vocational activities," "depression," "impaired health status," "ineffective coping strategies," "low self‐esteem," "renewed elevation of distress," and "social isolation." No item showed differential item functioning. "Renewed elevation of distress" and "low self‐esteem" were the most sensitive defining characteristics and had the highest negative predictive value. "Shame" was the most specific one. Conclusions: The nursing diagnosis "Impaired Resilience (00210)" was validated, and results may improve its accuracy in people going through fertility treatment. Implications for nursing practice: This paper contributes by raising knowledge regarding NANDA‐I nursing diagnosis and enhancing the quality of nurses' critical judgment and clinical reasoning. A more effective assessment will allow early recognition of patients struggling with adversity during fertility treatment and enhance a nursing resilience approach in the reproductive field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This study aimed to explore the level and influencing factors of fatigue in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Methods: This cross‐sectional study was conducted in 243 patients with rheumatoid arthritis from April 2016 to March 2017. The Bristol Rheumatoid Arthritis Fatigue Multi‐Dimensional Questionnaire, Arthritis Self‐Efficacy Scale‐8, Visual Analogue Scale for pain, physical function subscale of Short Form 36‐Item Health Survey, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Perceived Social Support Scale, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and a self‐designed demographic and disease‐related information questionnaire were used to collect the data. Stepwise linear multiple regression was used to clarify the impact of statistically significant variables (P < 0.05) in the independent sample t test, one‐way ANOVA and correlation analysis on the level of fatigue. Results: Stepwise linear multiple regression analyses showed that disease activity, self‐efficacy, physical function, pain, depression, duration of morning stiffness and anxiety were major factors influencing fatigue in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, which explained 59.5% of the total variance. Conclusion: Our study demonstrated a moderate level of fatigue in Chinese patients with rheumatoid arthritis. In clinical practice, nurses should explore individualized intervention programmes based on related predictors of fatigue to help patients relieve fatigue. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? Fatigue is a common problem in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Little research has investigated what factors are associated with fatigue in patients with RA.Nurses need to understand the factors that potentially influence fatigue in patients with RA, in order to improve the quality of life. What this paper adds? Fatigue is moderate in Chinese patients with RA, which is lower than the results of western countries.Disease activity, self‐efficacy, physical function, pain, depression, duration of morning stiffness and anxiety are important factors affecting fatigue in patients with RA. The implications of this paper: Special attention should be paid to the RA patients with high level of fatigue.The findings of this study highlight the need to develop effective strategies to alleviate fatigue and eventually improve the quality of life in patients with RA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This study aimed to assess the nurses' knowledge, concerns, perceived impact and preparedness toward the COVID‐19 pandemic. Background: As COVID‐19 is a new disease, its spread and emergence cause fear, anxiety and confusion among the general population. Nurses are in close contact with infected persons, and their knowledge plays an important role in preventing the transmission chain. Methods: In this cross‐sectional study, 207 nurses were selected using convenience sampling from 29 March to 19 April 2020. The study used a questionnaire assessing the nurses' baseline characteristics, their source of information, knowledge, concerns, the perceived impact and their preparedness for the COVID‐19 pandemic. Results: Around half of the surveyed nurses (51.2%) reported that the Ministry of Health's and World Health Organization's websites and official pages were their main sources of information. The majority of nurses (81.6%) knew the nature of the virus, 83.6% agreed that their job puts them at risk of infection with COVID‐19 and 72% felt personally prepared for the pandemic. Conclusion: The majority of nurses had an acceptable level of knowledge regarding COVID‐19. However, psychological interventions are needed to be addressed in the planning stage before any pandemic. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? It is well established that COVID‐19 is a highly infectious disease with a fatality rate of about 6.48% in Egypt.Studies about nursing and COVID‐19 are relatively few.There is a lack of data regarding the nurses' knowledge, concerns, perceived impact and preparedness toward COVID‐19. What does this paper add? Nurses prefer gaining their knowledge regarding COVID‐19 from the Ministry of Health's and the World Health Organization's websites and official pages rather than the social media websites.Nurses have an acceptable level of knowledge regarding COVID‐19. The majority of surveyed nurses knew the nature of the virus along with its signs and symptoms.The majority of surveyed nurses feel that their job puts them at the risk of infection with COVID‐19, and they are quite afraid of being infected. The implications of this paper: Psychological interventions are needed in the planning stage before any pandemic to enhance the protection of nurses and health care workers and to reduce the psychological impact.Sustainable awareness programmes are required for health care workers, keeping them up to date with the most recent information regarding prevention and management methods from the World Health Organization's guidelines and other instructional materials.Hospitals can hold meetings and organize regular psychological support groups to allow nurses to manage their fears and acquire stress reduction strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This study aimed to test the validity and reliability of a four‐item patient health questionnaire as a psychological distress screening tool for patients with type 2 diabetes in Indonesia. Methods: This cross‐cultural adaptation study was applied in five public health‐care centres in Indonesia in August–October 2018 using a four‐item patient health questionnaire. The content, convergent and factorial validity were assessed, and Cronbach's alpha coefficient was the reliability indicator. Results: A total of 147 participants were involved. Content validity resulted in acceptable outcomes (item and scale content validity indexes were 0.95 and 0.75, respectively). Anxiety and depression were associated with total score and psychological distress status (P < 0.001), supporting the convergent validity outcomes. Principal component analysis using varimax rotation revealed two factors, explaining 76.14% of variance (P < 0.001). Cronbach's alpha coefficients for anxiety, depression and total score were 0.780, 0.500 and 0.713, respectively. Conclusions: The study demonstrated adequate validity and reliability for the Indonesian version of a four‐item patient health questionnaire among patients with type 2 diabetes. Therefore, it is applicable as a screening tool for psychological distress in this population. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? Anxiety and depression are common forms of psychological distress among patients with type 2 diabetes.Early identification of potential problems in diabetes benefits patients for prevention and treatment.A four‐item patient health questionnaire (PHQ4) is a valid tool for screening psychological distress. What this paper adds? The paper presents a psychometric evaluation of PHQ4 to assess psychological distress among patients with type 2 diabetes.Incidence of anxiety, depression and psychological distress for patients with diabetes in Indonesia was identified. The implications of this paper: Diabetes nurse specialists or nurse managers could consider using the Indonesian version of PHQ4 in their units.The availability of this screening tool in Indonesia makes identification of psychological distress possible.Further research and education related to psychological distress among patients with diabetes may use the valid PHQ4. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: This study investigated self‐care activities and identified their related factors in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: A cross‐sectional study was conducted in Guangzhou, China, between September 2016 and February 2017, involving 202 Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Measures included the Summary of Diabetes Self‐Care Activities Questionnaire and Revised Illness Perception Questionnaire. Results: Self‐care activities in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were suboptimal overall. Foot care and blood sugar testing were the self‐care activities that were performed the least. One fifth of patients smoked. Some subscales of illness perceptions, receiving health education on diabetes, employment status, education level, body mass index, age and time since type 2 diabetes mellitus diagnosis, were related to self‐care activities in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Conclusion: Health‐care providers and nurses should encourage greater engagement in self‐care activities in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, especially foot care and blood sugar testing. Illness perceptions may be used as a framework to guide interventions. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? Diabetes is a global epidemic, and China has the largest number of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Self‐care activities are a key factor in preventing complications and maintaining long‐term health in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Illness perceptions are amendable to change by health‐care providers. What this paper adds? Self‐care activities in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were suboptimal; the least frequently performed self‐care activities were foot care and blood sugar testing, and one in five patients smoked.Some subscales of illness perceptions, receiving diabetes education, employment status, education level, body mass index, age and time since type 2 diabetes mellitus diagnosis, were related to self‐care activities in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The implications of this paper: Illness perceptions may be used as a framework to guide interventions aimed at promoting self‐care activities in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Interventions aimed at promoting self‐care activities should be tailored to the sociodemographic and clinical profiles of individual patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Guided by the social embeddedness model of thriving at work, this paper explores how nursing organizational culture, work engagement and affective commitment affect nurses' thriving at work. Background: Thriving at work has implications for better employee and organization outcomes. The antecedents of thriving at work among the nursing population needs to be expanded by analysing the cross‐level impact of organizational and individual characteristics. Methods: A cross‐sectional design was used to collect data from 1437 frontline nurses in a tertiary teaching hospital in China between April and May 2020 through an online survey about perceived nursing culture, work engagement, affective commitment and thriving at work. Data were analysed using SPSS, and a structural equation model was established using the PROCESS macro. Results: Our results showed that work engagement and affective commitment mediated the relationship between nurses' perceived nursing culture and their thriving at work. Among nurses, work engagement was positively correlated to affective commitment. Conclusion: Our study confirmed the social embeddedness model of thriving at work by showing that both contextual and dispositional factors can influence nurses' thriving at work. Nurse leaders can foster nursing staff's thriving at work by building an inclusive work environment and by providing adequate resources to staff. Future research is needed to elaborate on employee and organizational outcomes associated with thriving at work. Impact: Nurse leaders should be the advocate for nurses to improve their organizational identification, fostering their thriving at work. Individual nurses can also take an active role in developing work‐related resources to sustain their thriving through self‐adaption processes. Collective thriving in the nursing workforce is needed to overcome adversity and hardship in the ever‐changing and increasingly demanding health care industry and to further contribute to the vitality of the broader social and public environments. Patient or public contribution: No patient or public contribution. This study did not involve patients, service users, caregivers or members of the public. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We aim to study the the reliability and factorial structure of the Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire (PBQ)administered through two different formats, offline (paper-and-pencil) and online. We also compared clinical, obstetrical, reproductive, and psychopathological variables related to poor mother infant bonding (MIB). A cross-sectional study was conducted on 1,269 mothers. The offline group included 812 women who attended a 40-day postpartum clinical appointment. The online group consisted of 457 women recruited during admission for delivery who volunteered to carry out the online protocol 40 days postpartum. All the participants individually completed the PBQ, the Edinburg Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and other clinical and sociodemographic variables. The 4-factor solution proposed in the PBQ and its Spanish validation showed good model fit for both samples. Online participants reported higher levels of stress, depressive symptoms, and poor bonding, specifically on PBQ scores and the Rejection and Anger subscales. No differences were found in both samples regarding the type of statistical associations between PBQ and sociodemographic, reproductive, obstetric and psychological outcomes. Online assessment may be an appropriate option for detecting possible alterations in MIB due to the reduction of desirability bias, the increased perception of anonymity, and being a more cost-effective method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The study aims to examine the psychometric properties of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index‐Indonesian version. Background: The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index has never been translated into Bahasa. Design This study employs a cross‐sectional and correlational study. Methods: Data were collected from 528 adolescents of junior high school age (13–16 years) during August to September 2014. All participants agreed on the Indonesian version of Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and Beck Depression Inventory‐II. Psychometric properties were examined including internal consistency, construct validity and known group validity, and the receiver operating characteristic curve was used to measure the cut‐off point. Results: The Cronbach's alpha for the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index‐Indonesian version was adequate. There were positive correlations between the total score and seven component scores. Construct validity revealed that the total score of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index‐Indonesian version was correlated with the total score of the Indonesian version of the Beck Depression Inventory‐II. Known group validity indicated that adolescents without depression risk had better sleep quality. According to receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the cut‐off point at a score of 6.5 indicated the best possible relationship of sensitivity and specificity. Conclusion: The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index‐Indonesian version has high reliability and validity for screening sleep quality among adolescents. SUMMARY STATEMENT: What is already known about this topic? The original Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index has adequate internal consistency and favourable reliability.It is easy for patients and health‐care providers to use for interpreting sleep disturbances. What this paper adds? The results support the validity and reliability of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index‐Indonesia in screening sleep quality among adolescents.The cutoff score for the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index‐Indonesian version for adolescents was 6.5. The implications of this paper: The cut‐off point could detect poor sleep quality among Indonesian adolescents.This simple tool is capable of quickly assessing sleep quality for health‐care providers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accessible summary: What is known on the subject?: There is a scarcity of studies concerning violence in psychiatric outpatient settings in the 2010s in spite of the deinstitutionalization of psychiatric services.Previous research on violence in psychiatric outpatient settings has failed to consider the association between the psychological consequences of violence, exposures to violence and background factors. What the paper adds to existing knowledge?: It has been known for some time that exposures to violence are harmful for psychiatric inpatient nurses; the paper demonstrates that psychiatric outpatient nurses are also at risk.The psychological consequences of exposure to violence are highly individualized and influenced by background factors.Nurses who face harassment have a greater risk of suffering psychological symptoms. What are the implications for practice?: De‐escalation interventions should be implemented in psychiatric outpatient settings.Organizations should consider the possibility of internal violence occurring when planning preventive interventions to manage and reduce workplace violence.Education targeted at violence prevention, management and debriefing should be organized systematically in psychiatric outpatient units and be taken into consideration in the mental health nursing curriculum. Introduction: There is a scarcity of studies concerning violence and its consequences in psychiatric outpatient setting. Aim: This study aimed to explore the occurrence of workplace violence and the psychological consequences of exposure to violence among nurses working in psychiatric outpatient settings. Method: Research followed a cross‐sectional survey design. Data were collected with the VIA‐Q instrument. Results: During the 12 months prior to the study, nurses (n = 181) had most often experienced psychological violence, with fatigue being the most common consequence. Harassment most often caused feelings of violated integrity, whereas physical violence most often caused insomnia. Significant relationships between exposure to violence and psychological consequences were identified. Discussion: Workplace violence can manifest in a broad array of psychological symptoms and be harmful for nurses in psychiatric outpatient settings. It is important to discuss the subject of workplace violence and its place in the nursing curriculum and to reflect on how nurses are educated and trained to face violence in psychiatric nursing. Implications for Practice: De‐escalation interventions should be implemented in psychiatric outpatient settings. Organizations should take steps to abolish internal violence. Nurses need appropriate education in order to prepare them to manage workplace violence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To explore the relationship between nurse practitioner work environment and nurse practitioner outcomes (job satisfaction and intent to leave) in the United States. Design The study used a cross‐sectional survey design to collect survey data from primary care nurse practitioners in six states in the United States. Methods: We sent mail surveys to 5689 eligible nurse practitioners in Arizona, New Jersey, Washington, Pennsylvania, California and Texas. The mail also contained an online link. Participants could complete either the paper or online questionnaire. In total, 1244 participants completed the survey in 2018–2019. The work environment was measured using the Nurse Practitioner‐Primary Care Organizational Climate Questionnaire comprised of four subscales: Nurse Practitioner‐Administration Relations, Nurse Practitioner‐Physician Relations, Independent Practice and Support and Professional Visibility. Global items measured job satisfaction and intent to leave. We used mixed‐effect proportional‐odds cumulative logit models to assess the association between work environment and job satisfaction and intent to leave. Results: Overall, 90% of participants were either very satisfied or somewhat satisfied with their job and 22% reported intent to leave their job in 1 year. With a one‐unit increase in the organizational‐level Nurse Practitioner‐Administration Relations score, the odds of having a higher job satisfaction level increased by about four times and the odds of intent to leave job decreased by about 60%. A higher organizational‐level Nurse Practitioner‐Physician Relations score was significantly associated with higher job satisfaction and lower odds of intent to leave. Conclusion: Improvements in work environments may improve nurse practitioner job satisfaction and retention. Impact This study examined the relationship between work environment, job satisfaction and turnover intention of nurse practitioners. Better work environment is associated with higher job satisfaction and lower turnover intention. Findings have implications for clinical leadership who can take actions to create better work environments to increase the nurse practitioner workforce capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the validity and reliability of the modified Chronic Kidney Disease Self‐Management instrument in an English‐speaking population. Background: There is growing evidence that self‐management behaviours can improve outcomes for people with chronic kidney disease. However, there are few suitable instruments available. Design The study was cross sectional, with a test–retest protocol. Method: Adults with chronic kidney disease attending a primary health care between June and December 2015 completed the Chronic Kidney Disease Self‐Management instrument. Construct validity was determined using exploratory factor analysis, internal consistency and test–retest reliability using Cronbach's α and intraclass correlation. For convergent validity, the relationships between knowledge, self‐efficacy and self‐management were investigated. Results: The Australian version of the Chronic Kidney Disease Self‐Management instrument has 17 items grouped into four factors: self‐integration, seeking social support, adherence to lifestyle modification and problem solving. The instrument demonstrated good reliability. Self‐efficacy was positively correlated with self‐management scores, although there was no correlation between chronic kidney disease knowledge and self‐management. Conclusions: The Australian version of the Chronic Kidney Disease Self‐Management instrument was found to be a valid and reliable patient‐reported outcome measure. It can be used in clinical practice to support self‐management, as well as future research. SUMMARY STATEMENT: What is already known about this topic? The burden of chronic kidney disease is rising mostly due to the increasing prevalence of diabetes and hypertension.Chronic kidney disease progression can be slowed with effective self‐management behaviours.Patient‐reported outcome measures need testing in target populations prior to implementation in clinical settings and research. What this paper adds? The Australian version of the Chronic Kidney Disease Self‐Management instrument demonstrated good validity and reliability in the target population.The instrument is suitable to use in research testing interventions to improve self‐management of chronic kidney disease. The implications of this paper: Clinicians can use this patient‐reported outcome measure to assess for changes in CKD self‐management behaviours following patient education.The instrument can be used to identify individuals in need of support for self‐management skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To psychometrically test the Chinese version of Self‐Care of Coronary Heart Disease Inventory. Background: Self‐care is a significant step to impede the progression of coronary heart disease and serves as the primary outcome in self‐care interventions. In China, however, no instrument is available to measure self‐care in patients with coronary heart disease. To address this gap, we introduce the Self‐Care of Coronary Heart Disease Inventory into China. Design A cross‐sectional design. Methods: We translated the inventory into Chinese using standardized methods. Then, it was psychometrically tested on a convenience sample of 301 patients with coronary heart disease (October 2017 to May 2018). Construct validity was evaluated via exploratory factor analysis and testing hypotheses. Internal consistency reliability was measured with Cronbach's alpha or composite reliability. Results: Both self‐care maintenance and management subscales showed a two‐factor structure, whereas self‐care confidence subscale showed a one‐dimension structure. All subscales were significantly correlated with associated variables (disease‐related knowledge and perceived control). The internal consistency reliability for all three subscales was acceptable. Conclusion: The Chinese version showed acceptable psychometric properties when applied to the sample group of this study. It is recommended for use in self‐care interventions targeting coronary heart disease. SUMMARY STATEMENT: What is already known about this topic? Self‐care is important for patients with coronary heart disease to control risk factors, reduce recurrence and improve the prognosis.Self‐Care of Coronary Heart Disease Inventory is developed based on the middle‐range theory of self‐care of chronic illnesses and shown acceptable psychometric properties.Self‐care of CHD is a growing focus of research and clinical practice; however, a tailored instrument to measure self‐care in Chinese patients with CHD is lacking. What this paper adds? This study provides the evidence of the construct validity and internal consistency reliability of the Chinese version of Self‐Care of Coronary Heart Disease Inventory.The Chinese version is a reliable and valid measure to assess the self‐care in patients with coronary heart disease. The implications of this paper: This study fills an important gap concerning measures of self‐care related to CHD in China.The Chinese version of Self‐Care of Coronary Heart Disease Inventory has the potential to be an ideal outcome measure in self‐care interventions and promote the research focusing on self‐care of CHD.This study adds the knowledge of the psychometric properties regarding the inventory in diverse cultural backgrounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To translate the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire (ICIQ) Long‐Term Catheter Quality of Life (LTCqol) questionnaire (ICIQ‐LTCqol) from English to Arabic and evaluate its psychometric properties. Background: Currently, no tool for Arabic‐speaking patients is available to measure the quality of life in patients using long‐term urinary catheters. Design Translation and psychometric assessment of questionnaire. Methods: The internal consistency and construct validity of the translated Arabic version of the ICIQ‐LTCqol were evaluated in a convenience sample of 141 participants recruited from a hospital in Egypt from April to September 2017. Test‐retest reliability was assessed for a sample of 15 participants who completed this version at two time points. Construct validity was assessed by factor analysis. Results: The translated Arabic version of the ICIQ‐LTCqol showed satisfactory test‐retest reliability and internal consistency, with the Cronbach α =.75. Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the same two factors ("catheter function" and "lifestyle") structure as found in the English version of the tool supporting the construct validity of the translated questionnaire. Conclusion: This original and significant study allows, for the first time, researchers and clinicians working with Arabic‐speaking patients, the opportunity to evaluate the quality of life in long‐term urinary catheter users. SUMMARY STATEMENT: What is known about this topic: The potential negative impact of using a long‐term indwelling urinary catheter on patients' everyday lives has been well documented.There is no available psychometrically robust self‐report questionnaire that can be used to assess the impact of living with a long‐term catheter among Arabic speakers.To date, the Incontinence Questionnaire (ICIQ) Long‐Term Catheter Quality of Life (LTCqol) questionnaire (ICIQ‐LTCqol) has not been translated into Arabic, and therefore, it has not been used with Arabic‐speaking catheter patients.In Arabic countries, no research has been conducted focusing on the experience of patients with urinary catheters. What this paper adds? The International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire (ICIQ) Long‐Term Catheter Quality of Life questionnaire (ICIQ‐LTCqol) Arabic version is a clear, understandable, and short questionnaire.The Arabic version of the ICIQ‐LTCqol has the same factor structure as the English version using confirmatory factor analysis.The Arabic version of the ICIQ‐LTCqol has good internal consistency. Implications of this paper: Clinicians and researchers working with Arabic‐speaking patients, who use long‐term urinary catheters, can utilize this version of the ICIQ‐LTCqol to evaluate their QOL.The Arabic version of the ICIQ‐LTCqol is a robust tool for assessing the impact of living with a long‐term catheter in Arabic countries.Further research is needed on the retest reliability of the ICIQ‐LTCqol in the Arabic‐speaking population.The impact of living with a long‐term catheter has not been investigated in Arabic countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The awareness for the need for end‐of‐life care has increased among noncancer patients. However, studies on the topic have rarely targeted the needs of noncancer patients who want to die at home. This study assessed the end‐of‐life care needs of noncancer patients who were receiving care and wanted to die at home. Methods: A cross‐sectional study design was used and involved 200 participants who were diagnosed as noncancer patients and receiving home care nursing. Data were collected on demographics, disease, Palliative Performance Scale (PPS) scores, and end‐of‐life care needs, in April and May, 2016. Results: Among the six areas of care, "supporting fundamental needs" of patients required the most care, followed by "coordination among family or relatives." Multivariate analysis revealed that the duration of home care nursing held a significant association with end‐of‐life care needs. Conclusion: By reflecting on the comprehensive care needs of patients with chronic illnesses and including them in the care process, it will be possible to provide better quality palliative care to patients at home in the end‐of‐life stages. SUMMARY STATEMENT: What is already known about this topic? Noncancer patients at the end‐of‐life stage have complex needs and problems that are difficult to solve, compared with cancer patients.Noncancer patients need to receive effective symptom management or sufficient support for satisfactory care.End‐of‐life care is still mainly focused on cancer patients and attention to noncancer patients is lacking. What this paper adds? Among the six areas of care, "supporting fundamental needs" of patients required the most care, followed by "coordination among family or relatives."Duration of home care nursing and an income level were significantly associated with higher end‐of‐life care needs. The implications of this paper: Home care nurses must clearly assess the care needs of noncancer patients at the end‐of‐life stage and subsequently provide comprehensive patient‐centered care based on this assessment.It is important to adjust the care direction between patient, family, and medical staff from early on for patients who want to die at home.The results highlight needs for the development of interventions that focus on the duration of home care nursing of patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aim of this study is to examine psychometric properties of the Indonesian version of Medical Outcome Survey Short Form 12 version 2 (SF12v2). Methods: A cross‐sectional study was conducted in three primary healthcare units in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Patients with cardiovascular diseases who were able to respond to questionnaires and provide their consent were invited. The validity test included face, content, discriminant, and construct validity. The internal consistency was used as the reliability indicator. Results: The item and subscale of content validity index were 0.97 and 0.83, respectively. The instrument had 100% for equivalence and clarity outcomes, whereas the readability outcome was 91.7%. More than 80% of participants agreed and considered SF12v2 understandable. The correlations among physical and mental subscales were substantial, supporting discriminant validity. The Bartlett test of sphericity was significant with the Kaiser‐Meyer‐Olkin test of 0.74. The principal component analysis resulted in eight components, explaining 88.4% of total variance. α coefficients for subscale were ranging from.58 to.81, whereas the physical and mental component summaries were.77 and.67, respectively. Conclusions: The Indonesian version of SF12v2 indicated a reliable and valid instrument. The SF12v2, available in a Bahasa Indonesia version, is an applicable instrument to assess quality of life on patients with cardiovascular diseases. SUMMARY STATEMENT: What is already known about this topic? Quality of life plays an important role to evaluate the disease outcomes for patients with cardiovascular diseases.The translated version of the SF12v2 in Bahasa Indonesia is available, but there is no evidence of validity and reliability of the instruments. What this paper adds? This paper provides evidence of validity and reliability indicators for the Indonesian version of the SF12v2.The cross‐cultural adaptation process confirms that this is an unbiased and valid instrument. The implications of this paper: Nurses could apply the instrument to assess the quality of life among patients with cardiovascular diseases.Future studies concerning health‐related quality of life among the Indonesian population with cardiovascular diseases could be enhanced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Patient satisfaction has been seen as a key criterion when evaluating hospitals and is one of the main focuses of the current health‐care reform in China. This paper aimed to explore patient‐ and hospital‐level factors associated with inpatient satisfaction, which can provide policy implications for the evaluation and development of a patient‐oriented health‐care system. Methods: The paper analyses data from the 2017 China National Patient Survey which includes 20 300 inpatients from 131 tertiary hospitals across 31 provinces. Descriptive analysis and multivariable logistic regressions are conducted to identify key factors related to satisfaction. Results: Patient sociodemographic characteristics, including gender, age, income and insurance type, are found to be strongly associated with their satisfaction of inpatient experience. In terms of institutional characteristics, hospital type, size, staffing and financial performance are also significantly correlated with inpatient satisfaction. Patients are more satisfied with specialist hospitals and large hospitals measured by the number of beds and surgeries. Hospitals with higher nurse‐to‐bed ratio also receive more satisfaction. The financial performance of hospitals, however, is negatively associated with satisfaction. Conclusion: Patient satisfaction contains unique information on service quality and thus should be incorporated into the matrix of hospital evaluation. Meanwhile, differences in patient composition must be adjusted to make fair comparisons across hospitals. Moreover, future reform needs to put greater efforts in the design of comprehensive public insurance scheme, efficient hospital structure and an overall well‐functioning health‐care delivery system in order to better serve patients in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the extent to which staffing adequacy predicts nursing teamwork, controlling for demographic and background variables. Background: Findings from former studies indicate that hospital, unit and staff characteristics may be related to nursing teamwork, such as type of hospital and unit, role, gender, age, work experience, type of shift worked, shift length, number of working hours per week, overtime and staffing adequacy. Teamwork as well as staffing is identified as significant contributors to patient and staff safety in hospitals. However, the contribution of staffing to the quality of nursing teamwork is scarcely studied. Design: This was a quantitative descriptive cross‐sectional study using the paper‐and‐pencil questionnaire Nursing Teamwork Survey‐Icelandic. Methods: The study was conducted in 27 inpatient units in eight hospitals in Iceland with a sample of 925 nursing staff members. Participants were 567 registered nurses, practical nurses, unit secretaries and nurse unit managers. The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology checklist was used for this paper. Results: When controlling for unit type, role, experience on current unit and intent to leave, perceived adequacy of staffing alone explains up to 10% of overall teamwork. Unit type, role, years of experience on current unit and perceived staffing adequacy correlated significantly with overall teamwork. Conclusions: The findings of this study indicate that unit and staff characteristics, including perceived adequacy of staffing, are associated with and explain the variability in nursing teamwork on inpatient hospital units. The findings of this study provide important information for clinical nurses, nurse managers, policymakers and instructors in health care. Relevance to clinical practice: The findings underline the importance of adequate staffing for nursing teamwork in inpatient hospital units. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: This study aimed to investigate the influence of barriers to the use of research results in the practice of nurses on patient safety perception. Background: The use of research results in clinical practice promotes safe care, increases quality and reduces the possibility of adverse events. Design This is a cross‐sectional study. Methods: The sample consisted of 207 nurses from three public university hospitals in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil from March 2017 to November 2018. They answered a questionnaire with professional characteristics, The Barriers Scale and Safety Attitudes Questionnaire. Descriptive analysis, Student's t test, Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression were used for data analysis. Results: The findings showed most nurses had unfavourable competencies for implementing research results in practice. As barrier scores for the use of research results in practice increase, safety climate scores decrease. Taking a training course on the use of research results in clinical practice and organization characteristics, limitations of the setting were statistically significant, constituting factors that influence the perception of the safety climate. Conclusion: Investments in education are needed for health professionals to be aware of evidence‐based practice and how to use evidence to impact decision‐making outcomes, strengthening safety outcomes in health services. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? The use of research results in clinical practice promotes safe care, increases quality and reduces the possibility of adverse events.In the health literature, there is little evidence on the factors related to the use of research results in the clinical practice of nurses and the patient safety climate.The non‐use of research results in clinical practice is a relevant problem for patient safety. What is already known about this topic? The results of the study showed that nurses do not have favourable competencies in the use of research results in clinical practice.The most significant barrier to the use of research results in clinical practice was related to the characteristics of the organization, and the negative perception of the safety climate was related to working conditions, indicating a negative view of the work environment.The results of the research indicated that the more barriers were reported by nurses to the use of research results in clinical practice, the worse the perception of patient safety.The provision of training courses for nurses on the use of research results and the characteristics of the organization were factors that influenced the perception of patient safety. The implications of this paper: The results of the study highlighted the need to strengthen the partnership between universities and health services. Nurses trained to use research results in clinical practice promote safe and quality care.The use of research results in clinical practice can benefit the safety and quality of care around the world. Additional studies are needed to understand other factors related to the use of research that influences patient safety outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While video games can be helpful in personal development, participating in certain gaming activities may lead to negative effects such as video game addiction. The overuse of computer games, which can lead to reduced quality of life and affect a person's practical skills. Around 3% of adolescents suffer from Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD), there is currently no universally accepted psychometric method. The AICA-S scale was applied to results from 3,901 respondents aged between 11 and 19. During the 2017/2018 school year, a battery of questionnaires in "pen and paper" form was administered to students at primary schools and secondary schools. The respondents were selected from all the regions of the Czech Republic through a random stratified selection to ensure that the respondents were an accurate representation of students across the Czech Republic. The results were obtained using statistical methods such as ANOVA, chi-square tests and t-tests. These results affirm the psychometric quality of AICA-S and note the prevalence of IGD among Czech adolescents. Based on our results, 0.8% of our respondents fulfilled the criteria for an IGD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To shorten the Patient Engagement In Research Scale (PEIRS) to its most essential items and evaluate its measurement properties for assessing the degree of patients' and family caregivers' meaningful engagement as partners in research projects. Methods: A prospective cross‐sectional web‐based survey in Canada and the USA, and also paper‐based in Canada. Participants were patients or family caregivers who had engaged in research projects within the last 3 years, were ≥17 years old, and communicated in English. Extensive psychometric analyses were conducted. Results: 119 participants: 99 from Canada, 74 female, 51 aged 17‐35 years and 50 aged 36‐65 years, 60 had post‐secondary education, and 74 were Caucasian/white. The original 37‐item PEIRS was shortened to 22 items (PEIRS‐22), mainly because of low inter‐item correlations. PEIRS‐22 had a single dominant construct that accounted for 55% of explained variance. Analysis of PEIRS‐22 scores revealed the following: (1) acceptable floor and ceiling effects (<15%), (2) internal consistency (ordinal alpha = 0.96), (3) structural validity by fit to a Rasch measurement model, (4) construct validity by moderate correlations with the Public and Patient Engagement Evaluation Tool, (5) good test‐retest reliability (ICC2,1 = 0.86) and (6) interpretability demonstrated by significant differences among PEIRS‐22 scores across three levels of global meaningful engagement in research. Conclusions: The shortened PEIRS is valid and reliable for assessing the degree of meaningful patient and family caregiver engagement in research. It enables standardized assessment of engagement in research across various contexts. Patient or public contribution: A researcher‐initiated collaboration, patient partners contributed from study conception to manuscript write‐up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The acuity and number of presentations being made to emergency departments (EDs) is increasing. In an effort to safely and efficiently manage this increase and optimise patient outcomes, innovative models of care (MOC) have been implemented. What is not clear is how these MOC reflect the needs of patients or relate to each other or to ED performance. The aim of this study was to describe ED MOC in Queensland, Australia. Methods: Situated within a larger mixed-methods study, the present study was a cross-sectional study. In early 2015, leaders (medical directors and nurse managers) from public hospital EDs in Queensland were invited to complete a survey detailing ED activity, staffing profiles, treatment space, MOC and National Emergency Access Target (NEAT) performance. Routinely collected ED information system data was also used. Results: Twenty of the 27 EDs invited participated in the study (response rate 74%). An extensive array of MOC were identified that were categorised into those that facilitate input, throughput and output from the ED. There was no consistent evidence as to the relative effectiveness of these MOC in achieving ED performance benchmarks, such as NEAT performance. Conclusion: There is considerable variability in the MOC used throughout EDs in Queensland. A more complete analysis of the relative effectiveness of different MOC either in isolation or as part of a comprehensive approach would help inform more consistent MOC in Queensland EDs. What is known about the topic?: MOC in any given ED are implemented in response to factors such as the geographical location of the hospital, hospital-specific characteristics and service profile, staffing profile and patient demographic profile. In the era of time-based targets, they may also serve to address a particular aspect of flow in the face of rising ED demand. Although many of the MOC attempt to deal with flow in a linear fashion, target specific phases of the ED journey or address particular patient cohorts, what is clear is that not all EDs are shaped and formed the same. What does this paper add?: The study provides a comprehensive description of the varied models of care operating within Queensland public hospital EDs and how they relate to ED performance. A basic taxonomy of contemporary ED MOC is necessary to allow comparison between departments and inform decisions regarding safety, efficiency and cost-effectiveness. What are the implications to practitioners?: A contemporary understanding of the presence and profile of ED MOC that currently exist within a network of hospitals and health services is important for managers, clinicians and patients to inform decision-making regarding the safety, clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of these models. This understanding can also inform where and how further improvements in care delivery can progress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: This study aimed to describe the status of patient delay and examine related factors affecting patient delay in individuals with haemorrhoids in mainland China, based on theory of planned behaviour and common sense model. Background: Studies on patient delay have mainly focused on cancer, tuberculosis and myocardial infarction, but studies on patient delay in individuals with haemorrhoids have yet to be conducted. Compared with other diseases, haemorrhoids are initially considered benign. However, if patients with haemorrhoids seek delayed medical assistance, they pay a large cost for worse symptoms because they fail to seek timely treatments compared with those who receive appropriate treatments at early stages. Design: A cross‐sectional study design was used. Methods: The current study was performed on 306 patients with haemorrhoids from June ‐ October 2017. Data were collected via a self‐administered pencil‐and‐paper survey that consisted of a multi‐item questionnaire. Stepwise logistic regression analysis was conducted to explore the factors of patient delay. Results: Middle‐aged participants were more than twice more likely to report patient delay than participants in other age groups. A high level of perceived self‐efficacy, a high level of illness perceptions and perceived social impact were associated with prolonged delay. Conclusion: This study showed that patient delay is common among patients with haemorrhoids in China. The influencing factors of patient delay were middle‐aged, illness perceptions, perceived self‐efficacy, and perceived social impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accessible summary: What is known on the subject?: Interaction between staff and patients with a diagnosis of personality disorder in forensic settings is important for quality of care, but research is lacking on what determines this interaction. What the paper adds to existing knowledge?: Insight, emotion‐focused coping and emotion regulation of staff influence the interaction between staff and these patients.Staff who understand their own thoughts, feelings and behaviour better (more insight) needed less support, encouragement or back‐up from their patients. Staff who cope by getting upset, blaming themselves or fantasizing about solutions (emotion‐focused coping) on the contrary needed more support from their patients.Emotion regulation had an impact on the relation between coping and hostile staff behaviour. When staff get upset (emotion‐focused coping) and try to think differently about the situation (reappraisal), this makes them behave in a more hostile manner towards their patients. When staff suppress their emotions and also distract themselves or engage in social activities (avoidance‐focused coping), they behave in a less hostile manner towards their patients. What are the implications for practice?: In order to provide compassionate care for their patients, staff ought to be trained in self‐compassion. This may help them not to get upset, blame themselves or fantasize about solutions and to understand their own thoughts, feelings and behaviour better. As a result, staff may need less support, encouragement or back‐up from their patients.Context is important: Staff ought to suppress their emotions when emotions run high, but only when they also care for themselves by distracting themselves or engaging in social activities. Facing and regulating their emotions by changing what they think about the situation (reappraisal) may be more appropriate once emotions have settled down. This may help staff to remain compassionate towards their patients in the long run and avoid burn‐out or compassion fatigue due to ignoring their own needs and boundaries. Introduction: Research is lacking on what determines interaction between staff and patients with a diagnosis of personality disorder in forensic settings. Aim: To test whether coping, self‐reflection, insight and emotion regulation are related to the behaviour of staff towards these patients, and to test the possible moderating and mediating effect of emotion regulation. Method: Using a cross‐sectional design, 76 direct care staff of a forensic clinic completed questionnaires on all variables. Relations were tested using simple linear regression, mediation and moderation analyses. Results: Insight and emotion‐focused coping of staff were related to seeking less and more support from patients, respectively. Emotion regulation by reappraisal combined with emotion‐focused coping was associated with more hostile behaviour by staff, and suppression combined with avoidance‐focused coping with less hostile behaviour. Conclusion: Insight, emotion‐focused coping and emotion regulation of staff influence the quality of care of patients with a diagnosis of personality disorder in forensic settings. Future research ought to include contextual factors. Implications for practice: Enhancing self‐compassion may improve insight and reduce emotion‐focused coping. Context is important: Taking the needs of staff into account may involve suppressing emotions combined with avoidance in a highly emotional situation while facing and reappraising the situation when emotions are low. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To examine the effect of nurse staffing patterns (nursing staff skill mix and patient classification system) on patient satisfaction with the nursing care received. Background: Evidence about the relationship between the nursing staff structures and patient outcomes in post‐transitional countries is limited. Methods: The research was conducted in three units of one secondary‐care regional hospital in Slovenia over 1 month. This cross‐sectional study used three main data elements exploring nursing staff levels (nursing hours per patient day and skill mix), patient needs (using a classification system), and patients' satisfaction with nursing care; 484 patients participated. Results: Significant positive correlations were found between the patients' satisfaction and the realized percentage of the registered nurse personnel requirements, the level of nursing care hours per patient day, and the proportion of registered nurses in the nursing team. Conclusions: A significant association between the actual and needed staffing levels and patient satisfaction was found. Nurse staffing patterns affect patient outcomes. Implications for Nursing Management: This paper supports a higher proportion of registered nurses and an increased number of overall nursing staff working hours. Managers should consider the results of the patient needs categorization system and the workforce structure characteristics as predictors of patient satisfaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Significant proportions of young people experience body dissatisfaction, which has implications for psychological and physical well‐being. Lesson content and perceived competence may be important variables for the experience of body dissatisfaction, yet these have been underexplored in physical education. The aim of this cross‐sectional study is to identify the relationships between body dissatisfaction and perceptions of competence, and to explore whether body dissatisfaction depends on lesson content. METHODS: A paper‐and‐pencil questionnaire was completed by 446 (210 boys, 236 girls) 13‐ to 14‐year‐old pupils from 37 physical education classes. The questionnaire assessed body dissatisfaction and perceived competence in physical education. Lesson content was also recorded. Twenty‐nine of the classes were engaged in team activities, eg, ball games. Eight classes were engaged in individual activities, eg, fitness. RESULTS: Multilevel analysis identified a significant negative association between body dissatisfaction and perceptions of competence in physical education. Lesson content did not significantly predict variations in body dissatisfaction scores. CONCLUSIONS: Teachers should focus on enhancing pupils' perceptions of competence in physical education to support the development of body satisfaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess dentists' and dental hygienists' current motivation, attitudes, and knowledge regarding volunteering in a non-profit dental setting and the opportunity for earning continuing education (CE) credits. Methods: This cross-sectional study surveyed a convenience sample of dental and dental hygiene professionals from the state of Michigan. A 20-question paper survey was developed and pilot tested. The survey was disseminated to attendees at various component meetings of the dental and dental hygienists' associations in southeastern Michigan. Results: Out of the 274 surveys that were distributed, 182 (n=182) were completed, yielding a 66% response rate. Eighty percent of the participants were unaware of the opportunity for earning CE by volunteering and 79% were unaware of the volunteering site approval requirement by the Michigan Board of Dentistry. Thirty percent of participants were unable to determine how many unpaid days per year they were willing to volunteer and a similar percentage, (28%), were unable to determine how many paid days. The most common motivating factor to volunteer was to give back to the community (60%) while the greatest barrier was lack of time (62%). Conclusion: The opportunity to earn CE credit for volunteerism is seen as a benefit, however, it needs to be better promoted to potential volunteers, through dissemination of information by professional associations and in educational settings. Community-based clinics also need to be made aware of how to become a CE provider. Further research on the longitudinal impact of CE for volunteerism in community-based clinics is warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: The unique contexts in which athletic trainers (ATs) work require specific tools in order to understand their attitudes toward diverse patient populations, including sexual and gender minorities. Objective: To develop and validate the Attitudes Toward Transgender Patients (ATTP) instrument for ATs. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Semistructured interviews, paper-based questionnaire, and electronic questionnaire. Patients or Other Participants: Six ATs completed semistructured interviews to develop themes regarding transgender patients. Additionally, 39 students in professional and postprofessional athletic training programs answered questionnaires designed to elicit statements regarding transgender patients. For item reduction, a sample of 3000 ATs were e-mailed (response rate = 17%), and for validation, another sample of 3000 ATs were e-mailed (response rate = 13%). Athletic trainers' e-mail addresses were obtained from the National Athletic Trainers' Association. Data Collection and Analysis: The 3 phases were (1) exploratory interviews, (2) construct validity and item reduction, and (3) criterion validity. Items were created based on interviews and questionnaires. Principal axis factoring was used for item reduction, and Pearson correlations were used for validation. Results: Thirty-six statements pertaining to transgender patients were developed from the interview and questionnaire data. After item reduction, 10 items remained to form the ATTP (α = .834). For validation, the ATTP and Transphobia Scale were significantly correlated (r = .723; P, .001). Conclusions: The ability to assess attitudes toward transgender patients will allow clinicians to identify needed areas of focus for training and education. The ATTP assesses affective and cognitive attitudes and behavioral intentions toward transgender patients in common clinical settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Increasingly healthcare policies emphasise the importance of person-centred, empathic care. Consequently, healthcare professionals are expected to demonstrate the 'human' aspects of care in training and in practice. The Consultation and Relational Empathy (CARE) Measure is a patient-rated measure of the interpersonal skills of healthcare practitioners. It has been widely validated for use by healthcare professionals in both primary and secondary care. This paper reports on the validity and reliability of the CARE Measure with sexual health nurses. Methods: Patient questionnaires were collected for 943 consultations with 20 sexual health nurses. Participating patients self-completed the questionnaire immediately after the encounter with the nurse. The questionnaire included the ten item CARE Measure, the Patient Enablement Index, and overall satisfaction instruments. Construct validity was assessed through Spearman's correlation and principal component analysis. Internal consistence was assessed through Cronbach's alpha and the inter-rater reliability through Generalisability Theory. Data were collected in 2013 in Scotland. Results: Female patients completed 68% of the questionnaires. The mean patient age was 28.8 years (standard deviation 9.8 years). Two of the 20 participating nurses withdrew from the study. Most patients (71.7%) regarded the CARE Measure items as very important to their consultation and the number of 'not applicable' and missing responses' were low (2.6% and 0.1% respectively). The participating nurses had high CARE Measure scores; out of a maximum possible score of 50, the overall mean CARE measure score was 47.8 (standard deviation 4.4). The scores were moderately correlated with patient enablement (rho = 0.232, p = 0.001) and overall satisfaction (rho = 0.377, p =0.001. Cronbach's alpha showed the measure's high internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha coefficient = 0.95), but the inter-rater reliability could not be calculated due to the high achieved CARE Measure scores that varied little between nurses. Conclusions: Within this clinical context the CARE Measure has high perceived relevance and face validity. The findings support construct validity and some evidence of reliability. The high CARE Measure scores may have been due to sample bias. A future study which ensures a representative sample of patients on a larger group of nurses is required to determine whether the measure can discriminate between nurses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accessible summary What is known about the subject? People with learning disability are more likely than the general population to develop schizophrenia., Personal recovery philosophies are based on positive attitudes and an optimism that recognizes and values people and their strengths and capacity to achieve goals., Little is known from previous studies about the illness perceptions of learning disability practitioners who work with people that experience both a learning disability and schizophrenia., The illness beliefs of learning disability practitioners about schizophrenia may mediate the potential for social exclusion and limit recovery outcomes., What this study/paper adds to existing knowledge? The findings show that the illness beliefs of learning disability practitioners and support workers regarding schizophrenia are pessimistic in terms of the consequences for people with schizophrenia and learning disability and their relatives as well as the chronic course of the illness., What are the implications for clinical practice? This study identifies the nature of LD practitioner perceptions about schizophrenia and provides guidance about how personal recovery philosophies can be applied to the management of LD and schizophrenia., The beliefs of learning disability practitioners and support workers regarding schizophrenia need to be reframed to support better recovery outcomes and social inclusion for this group., The findings from this study can inform the development of training in bio-psycho-social models of schizophrenia, recovery approaches, family/carer interventions, clinical supervision, mentorship and reflection on clinical practice, which could be potentially useful strategies to help facilitate a reframing of beliefs., Abstract Background and purpose of study The prevalence of schizophrenia in people with learning disability is 3-4%. This is the first study to investigate the illness perceptions of learning disability ( LD) practitioners towards people with schizophrenia. Methods Learning disability practitioners ( n = 210) that work with people with LD and schizophrenia completed a modified version of the Illness Perception Questionnaire Schizophrenia Carers Version ( IPQ- SCV). Descriptive and correlational analyses were conducted for all of the IPQ- SCV subscales. Results A significant positive correlation was found between consequences relative and consequences patient (0.495, P < 0.001), and a negative correlation was found between timeline episodic and timeline chronic (−0.243, P < 0.001) subscales. Discussion Consistent with previous evidence found regarding negative staff attitudes to schizophrenia recovery outcomes, course and chronicity, the current investigation has extended and confirmed these observations to staff working with individuals with comorbid schizophrenia and learning disability. Implications for practice This study identifies the nature of LD practitioner perceptions about schizophrenia and contributes to the development of the recovery philosophy in relation to the management of LD and schizophrenia. The findings inform the design of training modules in bio-psycho-social models of schizophrenia, recovery approaches, family intervention, clinical supervision and reflection. These can help LD practitioners to reframe their schizophrenia/ LD illness beliefs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Children and youth gain multiple health benefits from regular participation in physical activity (PA). However, in Thailand there is limited national data on children and youth's PA behaviors and recent reports suggest that Thai children and youth have low levels of PA. Furthermore, there is almost no data on the factors associated with inactivity to support the development of a Thai National PA Plan. The purpose of this paper is to investigate Thai children and youth's participation in PA and its correlates across sociodemographic characteristics and different PA domains. Methods: This study applied a cross-sectional study design with a multi-stage stratified cluster sampling. A national representative sample of 13,255 children and youth aged 6-17 years were used for data analysis. A previously validated questionnaire was used to assess PA prevalence. Logistic regression was conducted to examine the relationships of socio-demographic factors, and participation in different PA domains with overall PA. Results: Only 23.4% of Thai children and youth met recommended levels of PA and there were large gender and regional differences. PA levels generally declined with age, although the level observed in the 10-13 year group was slightly higher than other year groups. A majority of children and youth engaged in a large number of different activities across PA domains. Sex, age, BMI, geographical regions, organized sports, participation in sport and recreational activities were significant predictors of meeting the global PA guidelines, whereas participation in physical education, active transport, and the number of screen time activities had no association. Girls were less likely to achieve sufficient PA levels (OR = 0.49, 95%CI; 0.45-0.54, p < 0.001), as were obese children (OR = 0.78, 95%CI; 0.64-0.94, p = 0.01), children living in the West (OR = 0.47, 95%CI; 0.38-0.59, p < 0.001), and those who did no participation in organized sports and sport/ exercise activities, or minimal participation (1-2 activities) in recreational activities (OR = 0.79, 95%CI; 0.68-0.90, p < 0.001). Conclusions: The prevalence estimate of meeting the recommended guideline of sufficient PA in Thai children and youth is low, despite the high levels of engagement in a large number of PA. The results indicate that policy and interventions aimed at increasing PA are needed with special attention required to address specific groups less likely to meet the PA guideline. Strategies to promote a large volume of participation in all possible types of PA as part of Thai children and youth's daily life should be considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Eating self-regulatory capacity can help individuals to cope with the obesogenic environment and achieve, as well as maintain, a healthy weight and diet. At present, there is no comprehensive, reliable and valid questionnaire for assessing this capacity and measuring change in response to self-regulation interventions in adults. This paper reports the development of the Self-regulation of Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (SREBQ) for use in UK adults, and presents evidence for its reliability and construct validity. The development of the SREBQ involved generation of an item pool, followed by two pilot studies (Samples 1 and 2) and a test of the questionnaire's underlying factor structure (Sample 3). The final version of the SREBQ was then assessed for reliability and construct validity (Sample 4). Results: Development of the SREBQ resulted in a 5-item questionnaire. The face validity was satisfactory, as assessed by the pilot studies. The factor structure analysis (Sample 3) suggested that it has a single underlying factor, which was confirmed in a second sample (Sample 4). The SREBQ had strong construct validity, showing a positive correlation with general measures of self-regulation. It was also positively correlated with motivation and behavioural automaticity, and negatively correlated with food responsiveness and emotional over-eating (p < 0.001). It showed good discriminant validity, as it was only weakly associated with satiety responsiveness, food fussiness and slowness in eating. Conclusions: The SREBQ is a reliable and valid measure for assessment of eating self-regulatory capacity in the general UK adult population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Studies on Norwegian nursing homes have shown that the general care is at a relatively high level, while the level of physical and social activities is relatively low. As a response to these findings, the Norwegian government has stressed the importance of activities in various white papers and circulars and, in recent years, has launched several campaigns specifically aimed at increasing the level of activities. Aim The aim of the study was to examine the following: (i) how the government has succeeded in increasing the level of physical and social activities in Norwegian nursing homes; (ii) how the level of activities compares to the general care; and (iii) how the level of activities and the general care are influenced by the following facility characteristics: residents' mobility level, total staffing levels, ratio of RNs, ratio of unlicensed staff and ward size. Method A cross-sectional survey of forty nursing home wards throughout Norway was used to collect the data. Results On a scale ranging from 1 to 7, the staff members assess the activity dimension to be 4.31 and the general care dimension to be 5.66. The activity dimension was significantly negatively correlated with the ratio of unlicensed staff, the ratio of Registered Nurses and the residents' mobility level, while the general care dimension was significantly negatively correlated with the ratio of unlicensed staff. Conclusion The study shows that the level of physical and social activities offered to the residents is relatively low, while the general care level is significantly higher, in line with earlier studies. Consequently, the government has not succeeded with its current policy to increase the level of activities in nursing homes. The relationship between the two quality dimensions and the explanatory variables shows that nursing home quality is a complicated phenomenon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims The aims of this paper are to: (1) describe work characteristics that nurse faculty report encourage them to remain in or leave their academic positions; and (2) determine if there are generational differences in work characteristics selected. Background Nurse faculty play key roles in preparing new nurses and graduate nurses. However, educational institutions are challenged to maintain full employment in faculty positions. Design A cross-sectional, descriptive survey design was employed. Methods Ontario nurse faculty were asked to select, from a list, work characteristics that entice them to remain in or leave their faculty positions. Respondent data ( n = 650) were collected using mailed surveys over four months in 2011. Results While preferred work characteristics differed across generations, the most frequently selected incentives enticing nurse faculty to stay were having: a supportive director/dean, reasonable workloads, supportive colleagues, adequate resources, manageable class sizes and work/life balance. The most frequently selected disincentives included: unmanageable workloads, unsupportive organizations, poor work environments, exposure to bullying, belittling and other types of incivility in the workplace and having an unsupportive director/dean. Conclusion This research yields new and important knowledge about work characteristics that nurse faculty report shape their decisions to remain in or leave their current employment. Certain work characteristics were rated as important among all generations. Where similarities exist, broad strategies addressing work characteristics may effectively promote nurse faculty retention. However, where generational differences exist, retention-promoting strategies should target generation-specific preferences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hearing loss is one of the most prevalent health impairments associated with ageing in developed countries, and it can result in social, emotional and communication dysfunction. Hearing loss in Italy is increasing, yet, despite the availability of free hearing aids and access to qualified community-based health professionals specialising in audiology services, their uptake remains low (about 15%-20%). This paper presents an investigation of the possible reasons why older people in Italy resist adopting a hearing aid. We used the literature to identify factors influencing people with hearing loss's decision-making, and drew on the theory of reasoned action to create an explanatory model. To test our hypotheses, we applied a cross-sectional design. We developed a questionnaire including 13 items related to adopting a hearing aid. Health professionals identified 400 persons aged 60-90 who were candidates for a free hearing aid. Those willing to participate were sent a copy of the questionnaire and telephoned between August and September 2009; a total of 243 responded (response rate of 60.8%). Linear regression analysis highlighted that a person's intention to adopt a hearing aid was positively related to their attitude towards its adoption, but negatively linked to their perceived subjective norms. It was found that trust in the health professional does not moderate the relationship between a person's attitude and their intention to adopt a hearing aid, but trust mitigates the relationship between a person's perceived subjective norms and their intentions. These findings underline the importance of the potential role that the healthcare professional could play in reducing the uncertainty created by external social pressures. For this purpose, stronger collaboration between the various health professionals involved in hearing aid provision, from diagnosis to fitting, is recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim To evaluate the psychometric properties of a questionnaire addressing psychosocial consequences of false-positive mammographic screening. Background The Consequences of Screening - Breast Cancer and Lung Cancer questionnaires target psychosocial consequences of false-positive cancer screening. The Consequences of Screening - Breast Cancer questionnaire and ten items not considered lung cancer specific from the Lung Cancer questionnaire have been adapted for use in mammographic screening in Sweden, but remain psychometrically untested. Design Instrument development paper with psychometric cross-sectional and test-retest design. Methods Twelve scales of a Swedish questionnaire version were tested by the Rasch model and traditional psychometric methods. Women with false-positive (Group I, n = 640) and negative (Group II, n = 802) screening mammography responded to the study questionnaire and the Nottingham Health Profile during 2009-2011. Results Iterative analyses resulted in nine scales demonstrating Rasch model fit, but all scales exhibited poor targeting with relatively large floor effects. Corrected item-total correlations exceeded the recommended criterion. Score differences between Groups I and II and correlations with Nottingham Health Profile sections followed an expected pattern. Cronbach's α and test-retest reliability was acceptable for group-level assessments for ten and seven scales, respectively. Conclusions Five scales (Sense of dejection, Anxiety, Behavioural, Sleep and Existential values) of the Swedish questionnaire version demonstrated the best psychometric properties. Other scales should be used more cautiously. Although filling an important gap, causes of concern were identified across scales. The questionnaire should therefore be considered for group-level assessments rather than for measurement of individual degrees of psychosocial consequences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]