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Objectives: Report of prevalence and type of ocular disease in a captive population of nondomestic felids., Methods: Medical records of 202 cats from 1993 to 2018 were reviewed. Species, age at diagnosis, sex, ocular examination abnormalities, systemic/physical examination abnormalities, type of examination (visual, sedated, or anesthetized), ocular structures affected, other diagnostics, therapy, and resolution of ocular disease were recorded., Results: A total of 202 nondomestic felids including 18 different species (bobcat, caracal, cougar, Fishing cat, Geoffroy's cat, jaguar, jungle cat, leopard, leopard cat, liger, lion, lynx, ocelot, Sand cat, Savannah cat, serval, snow leopard, and tiger) from a rescue facility were evaluated. Forty-six ocular lesions were diagnosed in 33 (16.3%) cats from 8 different species (bobcat, caracal, cougar, leopard, lion, ocelot, serval, and tiger) with a mean age of 16 ± 5.9 years at time of diagnosis. Ocular lesions included corneal disease (37%) (ulcerations, perforations, keratitis, corneal scars), cataracts (23.9%), hyphema (8.7%), lens luxation (6.5%), retinal detachment (6.5%), uveitis (4.3%), conjunctival disease (4.3%), retinal degeneration (2.1%), glaucoma (2.1%), and optic neuritis (2.1%). Therapies included medical (topical antibiotics, anti-inflammatories, serum, etc.) and/or surgical management (enucleation, intracapsular lens extraction, corneoconjunctival transposition, and corneal burr debridement)., Conclusions: To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of the prevalence of ocular disease in a population of captive nondomestic felids. It is difficult to diagnose and treat ocular disease in nondomestic cats due to challenges related to handling, diagnostics, and therapeutics in nondomestic species. Ocular disease seen in this population is similar to that found in domestic cat populations., (© 2021 American College of Veterinary Ophthalmologists.)

Objective: To evaluate the use of autologous lamellar keratoplasty for the treatment of feline corneal sequestrum (FCS)., Procedure: The medical records of cats diagnosed with FCS that underwent autologous lamellar keratoplasty between 2012 and 2020 with a minimum of 2 months of follow-up were reviewed. After keratectomy of FCS, a button adjacent to the corneal limbus was harvested on the same eye and sutured to the recipient bed. A nictitating membrane flap was left in place until the first recheck except for one patient. Postoperative treatment with topical and systemic antibiotics and systemic nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications was prescribed. Follow-up examinations were carried out 2 weeks, 1 month and 2 months post-operatively and consisted of a complete ophthalmic examination., Results: A total of 35 cats (35 eyes) were included. The median follow-up time was 3.2 months (range, 2-59 months). Brachycephalic cats were overrepresented (85.7%). The mean graft size was 6.5 mm (range, 6-9 mm). Minor complications consisting of melting and partial integration of the graft occurred in 2/35 eyes (5.7%). Recurrence was observed in 1/35 eyes (2.9%) and was managed by a superficial keratectomy. A good visual outcome was achieved in all eyes, and a faint or mild corneal opacification occurred in 15/35 (42.9%)., Conclusions: Autologous lamellar keratoplasty is an effective treatment for FCS, providing good tectonic support to the affected cornea and resulting in good visual and cosmetic outcomes. These results should be verified in future prospective studies that include a larger number of cases and longer-term follow-up., (© 2021 American College of Veterinary Ophthalmologists.)

Objective: To evaluate the use of cyanoacrylate adhesive as an adjunct to lamellar keratectomy in cats with corneal sequestrum., Methods: Medical records were reviewed to identify cats with naturally occurring midstromal corneal sequestra treated with lamellar keratectomy and cyanoacrylate adhesive. All cats also had a bandage contact lens placed for postoperative comfort. Data collected included breed, age, sex, and reproductive status of the cat, eye involved, presence or absence of neovascularization at the time of surgery, history of prior sequestra, additional ocular procedures performed, use of neuromuscular blocking agents, procedure time, time to cessation of topical medications, time to recurrence or last follow-up, and complications aside from recurrence., Results: Sixteen cats met study criteria, with a median follow-up time of 17.5 months in those without recurrence. Median time to cessation of topical medications was 4 weeks. Fourteen cats (87%) have not experienced recurrence. Other than recurrence in two cats, no significant complications were noted. Aside from purebred status, no commonalities were found between the two cats with recurrence. Neuromuscular blocking agents were not used during surgery in most cases. Median procedure time was 10 minutes., Conclusions: Cyanoacrylate adhesive is an effective and safe alternative to grafting procedures in cats undergoing lamellar keratectomy for treatment of corneal sequestrum. Recurrence rates are comparable to those seen with grafting techniques. Benefits of this approach include decreased anesthesia time, lower procedure costs, and short duration of postoperative treatment., (© 2019 American College of Veterinary Ophthalmologists.)

Cats with glaucoma typically present late in the course of disease. It is likely that glaucoma in cats is under-diagnosed due to its insidious onset and gradual progression, as well as limitations of some commonly used tonometers in this species. Treatment of glaucoma in feline patients presents a clinical challenge, particularly as glaucoma is often secondary to other disease processes in cats. In this review, we consider the clinical features, pathophysiology, and classification of the feline glaucomas and provide current evidence to direct selection of appropriate treatment strategies for feline glaucoma patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To evaluate the tear film qualitatively and conjunctival goblet cell numbers in cats with and without corneal sequestra.This was a prospective evaluation of 11 cats with corneal sequestra and 14 control eyes that were either the contralateral normal eye when the sequestrum was unilateral or from control cats of similar age with no ocular disease. All cats in this study were examined by a veterinary ophthalmologist. The ophthalmic examinations included a neuro-ophthalmic evaluation, Schirmer tear tests, fluorescein staining, tear film break-up times, applanation tonometry, biomicroscopy, and indirect ophthalmoscopy. The palpebral conjunctiva at the dorsal nasal, ventral nasal, dorsal temporal and ventral temporal fornices were biopsied after topical anesthetic was applied to the cornea and conjunctiva. The conjunctival biopsies were fixed in formalin and sectioned routinely and stained with hematoxylin and eosin, and periodic acid-Schiff. These slides were examined by light microscopy by a blinded examiner. Goblet cell numbers were compared to conjunctival basal epithelial cell numbers by region. The goblet cell numbers by region from the eyes with sequestra was statistically compared to those from eyes without sequestra, with a student's pairedt-test. Conjunctival swabs were collected from the cats with corneal sequestra and submitted for polymerase chain reaction forHerpes felis, Chlamydia psiitticia,andMycoplasma felis. The corneal sequestra were removed by surgical keratectomy and fixed and stained routinely, and examined by light microscopy.No neurologic abnormalities were detected in any of the cats. The Schirmer tear tests (eyes with sequestra 14 ± 5.1 mm/min; normal eyes 15 ± 6.8 mm/min) and intraocular pressures (eyes with sequestra 21 ± 6.6; normal eyes 22 ± 5.8) were within normal reference ranges for cats. Biomicroscopic examinations revealed varied sizes and depths of brown- and amber-colored corneal sequestra. No abnormalities were noted on indirect ophthalmoscopic examinations. The tear film break-up time was 21 s (± 12) for the normal eyes (n = 14) and 14 s (± 13) in eyes with corneal sequestra (n = 11). The average goblet/epithelial cell ratios by region for the normal eyes and the eyes with sequestra respectively were 0.66, 0.56 for the dorsal nasal fornix, 0.68, 0.57 for the ventral nasal fornix, 0.63, 0.48 for the temporal dorsal fornix, and 0.55, 0.49 for the temporal ventral fornix. There were no significant differences in tear film break-up times and goblet cell numbers in eyes with corneal sequestra and those without sequestra. Three conjunctival swabs from two of 11 cats with sequestra were positive with PCR forHerpes felisvirus. These included one cat with bilateral sequestra and one cat with unilateral corneal sequestrum.The pathogenesis of feline corneal sequestra does not appear to be linked primarily to abnormal goblet cell numbers, qualitative tear film abnormalities, and accelerated tear film break-up time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]