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A nonprofit company, Sunshares in North Carolina discovered that co-composting with municipal biosolids was the best way of getting mixed paper waste (MPW) out of landfills. A trial revealed that pathogen reduction requirements set by the US EPA can be met only if MPW and biosolids are used in window composting. The state and federal requirements for class A compost are met by the end product, 'Bull Durt,' which has small particle size and is similar to topsoil of good quality.

The content of the White Papers indicates that large targets arising from the concept of balanced development are set for the EU’s transport policy. It demands a broader view and influence on expanding the range of related activities which create a logistic support system for socio-economic life. The scope of problems associated with this process exceeds the current range of transport policy. Therefore, terms “mobility” and “policy of mobility” are more often used in EU documents as equivalent to “transport” and “policy of transport”, but better reflecting the character of the problems.

O objetivo do artigo é traçar um perfil da pesquisa em Controladoria nos trabalhos publicados em anais do Encontro da Associação Nacional de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Administração (EnANPAD) e do Congresso USP de Controladoria e Contabilidade, no período de 2001 a 2006. A metodologia da pesquisa adotada constituise de um estudo exploratório, com análise documental e abordagem quantitativa. Como resultados da pesquisa realizada têm-se os temas abordados, os métodos de pesquisa adotados, as abordagens da Controladoria estudados, a filiação dos pesquisadores e a bibliografia consultada e referenciada nos trabalhos. Conclui-se que, embora se tenha constatado um maior número de trabalhos publicados em 2005, o volume ainda é pequeno comparativamente a outros temas focalizados nesses eventos. O pequeno número de trabalhos também pode ter sido influenciado pela forma de localização adotada para selecionar os trabalhos com as palavras Controladoria, Controller, Contabilidade Gerencial e Controle Gerencial no título, no resumo ou nas palavras-chave. Todavia, a relevância do estudo está em contribuir para a identificação da evolução quantitativa e qualitativa da pesquisa em Controladoria no Brasil.This article aims to outline a profile of Controllership research in papers published in the annals of the National Association of Post-Graduate Programs and Research in Business Administration (EnANPAD) meeting and the USP Controllership and Accountancy Congress, from 2001 to 2006. The adopted research methodology comprised an exploratory study, with documentary analysis and a quantitative approach. The research results showed the main themes of these works, the adopted research methods, the different approaches to the study of Controllership, the researchers' affiliations and the bibliography consulted and referenced in the articles. It was concluded that, even though more papers were published in 2005, the volume is still small when compared to other themes focused on at these events. The small number of articles may also have been influenced by the search technique employed for selecting works, using the words Controllership, Controller, Management Accounting and Management Control, contained in the title, abstract or keywords. Nevertheless, this study is relevant to the extent that it contributes to the identification of the qualitative and quantitative evolution of Controllership research in Brazil.

Tourism economy appears in every sphere of economy: production of goods and services, their division, exchange and consumption; it also occurs in the majority of the national economy branches that directly or indirectly deal with meeting tourist demand. The majority of economic processes in tourism sector are realized by direct tourism economy and its representatives, tourist entrepreneurs. Territorial self- government units and tourist organizations play a significant role in formation of economic processes in tourism sector on the regional and local levels. The classic economy distinguishes three basic production factors: labor, land and capital. In the modern approaches they are completed with the fourth that has different names. Beginning with technical and organizational progress which is a logic extension of coexistence and cooperation of three basic factors, ending with information and knowledge – treated as the most modern factors of production in the so-called new economy. In the totality of activities of tourism economy entities, a special role should be ascribed to the personnel, namely human potential of tourism economy entities.

Data indicate the unreliability of information from the spread for industrial production growth in predicting economic activity contrary to what Benjamin M. Friedman and Kenneth N. Kuttner postulated in a series of articles since 1989. Two outliers in the data indicate the predictive content of the spread, namely, the 1974 Franklin National Bank episode and the imposition of the Carter Credit controls in 1980.

Jim Edwards, a soil scientist with ARS in Auburn, Alabama, is working with manufacturers of pelletizing equipment and others to process newspapers, phone books, and other types of water paper. [...]

Commercial Paper Rating Models Abstract This paper extends previous work in the area of commercial paper rating models using data for the years 1985 and 1986 and the ratings of [...]

The purpose of this study is to determine what contributions are provided by PT Indah Kiat Plup and Paper Tbk Serang Mill on the community and local government through the participation of Public Relation, especially in terms of education. The study is conducted from September 2009 until February 2010. The results showed that the community around the company has a large and direct impact on overall corporate performance. Community economic development in terms of education is a part of a Community Relation program conducted by the firm and has provided benefits to the community. Some suggestions for input to the company, includes optimizing the use of internal media organizations, granting broader authority for Public Relation so that they can better support the performance and needs of the company

Research was conducted to examine the interaction between the relatedness and performance of corporations at the business unit level. Specifically, perceptions of business unit managers were investigated to provide insights into the emphasis given to the linkages between production and marketing, the two major types of relatedness, at the business unit level. Likewise, the study aimed to provide a better understanding of the impact of these two types of relatedness on business unit performance. Data analyzed for the study were collected from key officials from 362 business units belonging to the pulp and paper industry. Results of the study supported all five of its hypotheses, including the hypotheses that related businesses tend to perform better than single businesses, and that business units with high marketing relatedness tend to have higher growth rates than those with high production relatedness.

The journal is pleased to publish the abstracts of the six finalists of the 2013 Manufacturing and Service Operations Management Society's student paper competition. The 2013 prize committee was chaired [...]

As teorias podem ser consideradas como mecanismos simplificadores da realidade. Neste processo de simplificação, conceitos-chave permanecem no âmago das teorias, enquanto outros são distorcidos ou ignorados. Nos estudos disponíveis sobre países em desenvolvimento, aspectos importantes são desconhecidos; por outro lado, os estudos de países desenvolvidos não refletem a realidade dos emergentes. Visando uma maior aplicabilidade das teorias de internacionalização em países emergentes, este ensaio teórico identifica os principais conceitos-chave do Modelo de Ciclo de Vida do Produto, da Escola Nórdica (Uppsala), do Paradigma Eclético, da Teoria das Escolhas Adaptativas, da RBV (Resource-Based View) e do Modelo Diamante. São explorados os conceitos de localização, recursos tangíveis, recursos intangíveis, ambiente, escolhas gerenciais, aprendizagem e influência de agentes externos, identificando-se as suas interseções. Sugere-se que se avalie empiricamente, de forma longitudinal, a influência de cada conceitochave ao longo do processo de internacionalização, para a construção de teorias que reflitam a realidade de países emergentes. Advoga-se que nenhum modelo, isoladamente, consegue explicar o fenômeno.Theories may be considered to be mechanisms that simplify reality. During this simplification, key concepts remain and are highlighted while others are ignored. In order to broaden the applicability of internationalization theories to developing countries this theoretical paper identified the main concepts of the Life Cycle, Nordic School of Uppsala, Eclectic Paradigm, Adaptive Choice, Resource Based View and Diamond Model theories. The concepts of location, tangible and intangible resources, environment, management choices, learning and influence of external agents were explored. It was suggested that the internationalization process be assessed from a longitudinal perspective to identify the importance of each key concept during the process. The objective was to construct new and more dynamic theories that better reflect the true situation of developing countries. The conclusion was that no model can, by itself, explain the process.

Editorial Board, The EBHS Officers and Trustees 2014-2015, Call for Papers 2016

AMIDST THE ECONOMIC crisis of 2009 and the loss of tens of thousands of manufacturing jobs, one key strategic challenge for Canadian labour is how to hold the line and [...]

MICCHELLI, CHARLES A., ed. 2003. Selected Papers of Alan J. Hoffman with Commentary. World Scientific Publishing Company, River Edge, New Jersey. 492 pp. $88.00. This book is a capstone to [...]

This article analyzes the inclusion of public policy papers in three resources--Policy File, Policy Archives, and PAIS International. The databases were analyzed by searching for known policy papers across the three resources, analyzing the subject coverage of the policy papers contained in the databases, and the inclusion of particular policy institutes. PAIS International contained more policy papers based on subject and included more of the selected policy institutes. Policy File contained more of the preselected policy papers., Of the myriad resource types needed by public policy students and researchers, policy papers can be the most difficult to locate because of the various sources in which they can [...]

From 2003 to 2012, the ISMS-MSI Practice Prize/Award competition has documented 25 impactful projects, with associated papers appearing in Marketing Science. This article reviews these papers and projects, examines their [...]

Timothy J. Minchin, The Color of Work: The Struggle for Civil Rights in the Southern Paper Industry, 1945-1980 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press 2001) IN THE COLOR OF [...]

To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2009.03.019 Byline: Ghislaine Lydon Keywords: Institutions; Islamic law; Literacy; Early modern trade; Religion and economics Abstract: This article contributes to the literature on Islamic institutional history by examining how the discounting of documents in Islamic legal practice constrained the organization of early modern Muslim trade. It is argued that the reliance on literacy, on the one hand, and an Islamic legal framework, on the other, gave early modern Muslim traders a comparative advantage in economic organization, but the lack of faith in paper as documentary evidence in Islamic law posed fundamental constraints to the development of Muslim economies. Author Affiliation: Department of History, University of California, 6265 Bunche Hall, Los Angeles, CA 90292, USA Article History: Received 17 November 2007; Revised 23 March 2009; Accepted 23 March 2009

The Harry F. Byrd, Jr. School of Business at Shenandoah University engaged in an intense planning process in the fall of 2004. In addition to clarifying its mission and strategic directions, the Byrd School clearly articulated its vision: to become recognized as a provider of individualized business education driven by entrepreneurial thinking, global understanding, and ethical practice. The development of the Institute for Entrepreneurship described in this article is a critical step in actualizing this vision.

This article examines the role of technology firms in computerizing psychological tests from the 1960s to 1980s. It focuses on National Computer Systems (NCS)'s development of computer software to interpret the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory. NCS trumpeted their computerized interpretation as a way to free up clerical labor and mitigate human bias, even as psychologists cautioned that proprietary algorithms risked obscuring decision rules. Clinics, courtrooms, and businesses all had competing interests in the use of computerized personality tests. I argue that test developers promoted computerized psychological tests as technical fixes for bias, even as courts and psychologists pointed to the complex layers of technological and social mediation embedded in software programs for psychological tests. This article contributes to histories of computing emphasizing the importance of intellectual property law in software development; to the relationship between labor, technology, and expertise; and to scholarship on the history and politics of algorithms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a need to increase market demand for paper with recycled content if the paper recycling industry is to achieve long-term stability. State and local governments are already mandated by an executive order from Pres Bill Clinton to buy and use recycled paper. Two paper companies, Union Camp and American Renaissance Paper, have taken the gauntlet of educating the public about recycled paper. Union Camp has launched a television advertising campaign while American Renaissance has launched a Web site.

The use of sorted office pack to manufacture post-consumer office paper encountered several quality problems concerning adhesive stamps, fluorescent paper and new inks from color printers and copiers. Innovations at materials recovery facilities, however, are making the long-term outlook for high quality paper grades brighter. Other key factors to consider in improving commercial paper sorting are advances in deinking technology and better supply and demand relationships.

China is the third-biggest user of paper in the world with an annual consumption of 34 million tons. It is projected that consumption of paper in the country would rise to 75 million tons by 2010. Its paper industry enjoys a huge potential as 500 billion yuan worth of paper is expected to be sold within the next 15 years. This represents as much as 40% of global consumption of paper by that time. However, its paper industry lags behind those of developed countries. China has 6,000 paper mills but a mere 100 mills produce more than 10,000 tons annually. There are only 30 mills that produce 30,000 tons yearly and the biggest mill makes 145,000 tons a year.

If individuals process information differently when it is accessed electronically rather than on paper, then the transition from paper to electronic text may affect learning and retention. Using a randomized experiment, we compare learning outcomes of economics students who use electronic teaching tools with students who access the same material on paper. We find that students who submit homework online complete more assignments but have lower classroom attendance rates. However, there is no effect on exam scores. This suggests that while an electronic medium may enable instructional material to be accessed more easily, it does not significantly impact learning. JEL Classification: A22, 1. Introduction Information is increasingly accessed and read electronically rather than in print, as evidenced by the decline of newspaper circulation rates in favor of online versions (Plambeck 2010). In [...]

The Pan-Electric scandal of 1886 grew out of a plot by prominent Southern Democrats to seize control of the fledgling telephone industry by filing suit in federal court to invalidate patents held by Alexander Graham Bell and Bell Telephone. The suit led to President Grover Cleveland's appointment of Tennessee senator Howell Edmunds Jackson to the Sixth Circuit federal court and a ruling by Jackson that led to the final court victory for Bell.