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The article offers information on the identification of the metastatic seeds of breast cancer. It discusses two studies based on the circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in patients suffering from breast cancer could develop metastases in mice. It also focuses on reports compiled by L. Zhang et al. and I. Baccelli et al. that present the evidence regarding CTCs which could initiate metastasis progress in a xenogeneic system.

Abstract: Lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus (LDV) can infect transplantable mouse tumors or xenograft tumors in mice through LDV-contaminated mouse biological materials, such as Matrigel, or through mice infected with LDV. LDV infects specifically mouse macrophages and alters immune system and tumor phenotype. The traditional approaches to remove LDV from tumor cells, by transplanting tumors into rats or culturing tumor cells in vitro, are inefficient, labor-intensive and time-consuming. Furthermore, these approaches are not feasible for primary tumor cells that cannot survive tissue culture conditions or that may change phenotype in rats. This study reports that fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) is a simple and efficient approach for purifying living primary human breast tumor cells from LDV+ mouse stromal cells, which can be completed in a few hours. When purified from Matrigel contaminated LDV+ tumors, sorted human breast tumor cells, as well as tumors grown from sorted cells, were shown to be LDV-free, as tested by PCR. The results demonstrate that cell sorting is effective, much faster and less likely to alter tumor cell phenotype than traditional methods for removing LDV from xenograft models. This approach may also be used to remove other rodent-specific viruses from models derived from distinct tissues or species with sortable markers, where virus does not replicate in the cells to be purified. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]