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This study analyzed checkout data from hardback and paperback volumes in the BYU library to determine if there was a difference in circulation rates. Based on usage from 2000 through 2020, hardback volumes are no more likely to circulate than paperbacks over that 20 year range, regardless of when the book was added to the collection or its subject (i.e. humanities, sciences, or social sciences). Also, the average number of circulations for these volumes was low enough that damage to a paperback book was unlikely. Given the lower price of paperbacks, academic library budgets may be better served buying paperbacks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of International Social Research is the property of Journal of International Social Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Muslims in general, Moroccans and Andalusians in particular, took care of the Mus'haf. In terms of the material on which it was written, the people of the Islamic West began writing the Mus'haf on parchment, which was used in the Mus'haf until recently. Then they started writing on paper since (AH 5th / AD 11th) century. As for the type of calligraphy, the Kufic script was used to write the Mus'haf until the (AH 5th / AD 11th) century, Until it was replaced by the Moroccan script.As for the ink colors, it was used black in writing, red in tashkil (signs), and yellow in the titles of the Surahs. In terms of binding, it began simple by using wooden panels that were covered in leather or fabric, and then studded with gemstones, gold and silver flakes, Then the wood panels were replaced with paper covers that were covered in leather and decorated with ornaments and gilding. The Mus'haf under study is a model of the Moroccan Mus'haf, in which the features of the manuscripts and Mus'hafs in the Islamic West are clear, Through the study of this Mus'haf, the Moroccan manuscript industry will be shed light on since its inception, following the stages of its development and monitoring its most important features.The Mus'haf under study is kept at the Abi Mohamed El Marjani Mosque in Tunis. This mosque was established during the reign of Sultan Abi Hafs Omar (683--694 AH / 1284-1294 AD) by Sheikh Abi Muhammad al-Marjani. Today, the Mus'haf is in an acceptable state of memorization - except that some of its papers were partially damaged - as it keeps all of its original pages and books, and it belongs to the pattern of the Mus'haf. The pages of the Mus'haf were written in extended Moroccan calligraphy, as well as the conclusion page, which contains the name of the calligrapher and the commander of writing the Mus'haf, and the history of the void of his writing in the Maghribic script (Fassi script). The pages of the Mus'haf were written in black ink, except for the titles of the fence and their data, and they were written in golden ink. The conclusion page also wrote a dark red supply.

Research on binding wastepaper has a long tradition in Poland, dating back to the 1820s, and the result is the discovery of fragments of many valuable manuscripts and prints. This article is devoted to the discoveries made, among others, by Władysław Nehring, Kazimierz Piekarski and Anna Lewicka-Kamińska, the fruit of which were previously unknown editions of the popular prayer book Hortulus animae, found and preserved only in the fragments they discovered. The most groundbreaking was Nehring's find, thanks to which eight pages of the first Polish edition of Hortulus were published, but the importance of the remaining ones cannot be overestimated. It is noteworthy that out of eleven (certain and highly probable) editions, dating back to the first half of the 16th c., as many as six are known only thanks to single sheets extracted from their bindings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the 1930s the Japanese Government General of Korea's Society for the Compilation of Korean History commissioned facsimiles of some 21 rare historical sources to accompany the publication of the colossal History of Korea (Chōsenshi 朝鮮史), funnelling select xylographic, typographic, and chirographic products of the defunct Chosŏn dynasty's book ecology through offset lithography and collotype, and on occasion movable type. This article investigates the Society for the Compilation of Korean History's collection and classification of historical materials against the larger backdrop of colonial knowledge production, illuminates the different economic and editorial logics of the new printing technologies used to produce the facsimiles, and examines the products as one example of the significance of facsimiles in the field of history. It suggests that the interplay of traditional print media, dominated by woodblock prints, and the new photomechanical means of reproduction, allowed for the swift reproduction of the unfolded page image and the easy utilization of traditional-style binding, permitting the Society to create purposefully antiquated reproductions with a high degree of fidelity to the original. At the same time, the use of modern materials (paper, string, and covers) and certain features common to traditional Japanese book binding meant that the facsimiles were irrevocably hybrid. These facsimiles ended up in a wide range of research libraries, representing the Korean past to the scholarly community in the Japanese empire. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Departing from Lefebvre's work on the social production of space, this paper explores the intersection between perceived and lived space from the perspective of spatial discourse analysis. Empirically, the paper studies how the spatiality of international airports performs affective discursive work and establishes prerequisites for air travelers' feelings of being "in control" and "excited" vs. feelings of being "controlled" and "surveilled". The concept of binding is applied in order to understand how affect is spatially afforded at Stockholm Arlanda Airport and Vienna International Airport. The analysis reveals that alternations between bound and unbound spaces construe the airports as distinctly ideological sites with different affective potentials. Accordingly, this article adds to the understanding of how airport atmospheres are construed by means of spatial resources such as the height, depth, and shape of walls and ceilings and by the transparency and opaqueness of the built material, as well as by more dynamic elements such as carpets, colors, signage, and retractable belt barriers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Whether the operation Agree should be taken to underlie anaphoric binding has been the topic of much recent debate. In this paper, we provide a novel empirical argument in favor of the role of ϕ-features and Agree in binding. The argument revolves around the intimate relationship between agreement and anaphora in the Turkish nominal domain, where certain complex pronominals can agree only if they locally bind an anaphor or bound pronoun. We argue that these facts can be readily understood if ϕ-features are crucially implicated in the syntactic derivation of binding. At the same time, we argue that not all binding can be reduced to Agree, based on data from Turkish PPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents abstracts of studies presented at the 38th annual meeting of the Association of Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback. These include "Enhancing the Diagnostic Accuracy of ADHD," "LORETA Neurofeedback: A Cortical--Subcortical Comparison," and "ERP Study of Medial Frontal Deficits of Error Processing in PTSD."

This paper dwells on an interesting contrast between Romance (Romanian, Spanish a.o.) and Germanic languages (English, German a.o.) with respect to the syntax and the interpretation of the direct object (DO). One structural difference between these two groups of languages amounts to the fact that the former clitic double (CD) and differentially object mark (DOM) their direct objects while the latter do not. This leads to important interpretive consequences when it comes to phenomena such as Subject-Object binding dependences: Non-CD languages rely on the c-command configuration and surface word order in resolving binding relations (the antecedent must ccommand the element containing the bound pronoun. As a consequence, a natural way for the DO to bind into the Subject is to have it moved to the left, in a preceding, c-commanding position). As will be shown, in CD languages, the word order configuration is not decisive: the direct object may bind the subject without having to precede it at the same time. The paper draws a parametric difference between configurational languages (where binding is closely linked to the c-command configurations and is sensitive to surface word order) and nonconfigurational languages, where the same semantic properties can be derived from the internal structure of the direct object (through its featural specification). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The precise nature of Ā-dependencies that terminate in a pronoun has been a long-standing subject of cross-linguistic research. Traditionally, it has been assumed that there are two derivational strategies to form resumptive Ā-dependencies: movement and base generation. Island configurations have played a crucial role in determining which derivational strategy is employed in a given language, as islands effects are expected to arise from dependencies created by movement but not by base generation. The body of cross-linguistic research on resumption has shown that the situation is more complicated once other diagnostics are taken into account, as languages can have mixed resumption profiles. In this paper, we discuss resumption in Ā-dependencies in Akan, a Kwa language spoken in Ghana, and illustrate that, despite their general insensitivity to islands, resumptive dependencies also show many classic hallmarks of movement. We situate these findings in the broader context of a general understanding of resumption cross-linguistically and discuss how the conflicting diagnostics might be reconciled with a movement-based analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper covers the design of binder formulations and technology for low-energy building materials based on alkaline aluminosilicate binders developed for special uses. The microstructure of the binders was investigated using scanning electron and atomic force microscopy examination techniques. The identification of phase compositions was performed by means of X-ray diffraction. The degree of binding of the alkali metal ions within the binder was determined with the help of chemical analysis of the pore fluid. Structure formation depending upon binder mix design and curing conditions was also studied. Some examples of the manufacture and application of binder-based glues and adhesives, including those developed for heat insulation and fire prevention, are discussed. The advantages of binder-based temperature-insulating composite materials compared with traditionally used materials are highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates hitherto unnoticed variation in the linguistic coding of spatial anaphora in locative PPs in Hungarian. While Hungarian primarily employs reflexives in these configurations, it is well-known that pronouns are the default strategy in English, and the reflexive anaphor is allowed in locative PPs only in the presence of certain licensing factors. One such factor is the availability of body-oriented readings (Rooryck & Vanden Wyngaerd 2007, 2011), and we argue here that this plays an important role in Hungarian, too. The paper reports the findings of a corpus study and an online questionnaire study and shows that pronouns are not only acceptable in Hungarian spatial anaphora, but either outperform or form a viable alternative to reflexives when the location denoted by the PP is not close to the referent of the antecedent. A secondary effect of structure building is also observable in two configurations of the extended PP. We argue that the employment of a possessive structure in certain PPs, and moving a P-element to a CPPP cap may also contribute to saving pronouns in contexts of spatial anaphora. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bosniaca is the property of National & University Library of Bosnia & Herzegovina and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Qur'an bindings from before the 20th century are some of the cultural artefacts made from organic materials that are easily damaged during research due to mishandling. Therefore, nondestructive tests are the best approach to uncover, record and learn about artefacts without damaging the physical attributes of the manuscripts. These tests could contribute significantly in identifying and recording Qur'an bindings in particular, and Islamic manuscripts in general, especially in rural areas, or an area with limited facilities. There are basic tests, such as observations conducted under a microscope, burn tests and physical observations and comparisons. Basic forms and materials such as type of leather, type of paper, types of threads and weaving technique, which could all be easily identified and documented for heritage purposes. These tests facilitate the evaluation of the techniques and materials used in the production process of the pasteboards, wrapping and stampings of the Qur'an bindings, which were universal, but the principle aligned with Islamic traditions in safeguarding the purity and the sacredness of the Qur'an starting from the materials used in bindings, which cover and protect the Qur'an both physically and spiritually. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Linguistic Research / Dilbilim Arastirmalari Dergisi is the property of Bogazici University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Humanities & Tourism Research (JoHUT) is the property of Journal of Humanities & Tourism Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of the paper is to analyze the state of the printing industry in the current conditions, learn reproduction technologies on non-absorbent surfaces, and study modern technological processes of obtaining products based on 3D printing, which is the research object. The problem lies in the lack of general recommendations for using the above technology to produce printed products or their elements. The main factors affecting the quality of finished products have been determined. The criterion to compare possible options for creating printed products was selected, namely, the examination method was considered. After processing the expert group summary, the consistency degree of opinions was determined using Kendall’s concordance coefficient. The most significant factor was identified, and further research is focused on it. Layer-by-layer deposition modeling was chosen as the technology for creating the test. Test fragments were developed, and materials and equipment to run the experiment were selected. A quantitative and qualitative assessment of the quality of 3D printing was carried out. Following the conducted research, the shortcomings were taken into account, and a number of recommendations for further creation of the forthcoming high-quality product were made. Those recommendations refer to the optimal line width (1.5 points and more), typeface origin and font size (20 points and above) for the reproduction of text information, and thickness of the element base of printed products (minimum 2.5–3 mm). The above recommendations allow a 3D printing product and its elements to achieve a remarkable quality level and visual appeal, as well as enable enterprises to use it as the basis of technological instructions for applying modern technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, I present evidence for variable agreement with anaphors in Tatar. I show that inflected reflexives trigger co-varying person agreement as DP/nominalization subjects and as complements of postpositions, which appears to contradict the generalization on the anaphor agreement effect (AAE). At the same time, inflected reciprocals induce 3p agreement on external targets. These data are puzzling in two aspects. First, it is unclear how to derive co-varying agreement with inflected reflexives because it cannot be handled as a regular exception to AAE predicted to arise by the agreement-based theory if the antecedent of the anaphor is positioned lower than the agreement target. Secondly, the difference between reflexives and reciprocals with respect to external agreement looks enigmatic. I propose that Tatar reflexives and reciprocals, despite their superficial resemblance, have different internal structures, which in turn bring about differences in their feature sets, and external agreement reveals these differences. As to AAE violations, I propose that the Tatar data can be accounted for under the feature sharing approach whereby the features on the anaphor and on the external probe are first identified as instances of the same feature set and then valued by the anaphor's binder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ASEAN has gradually attempted to assert itself as a diplomatic force to reckon with. However, over the recent past, it's ability to deal with regional issues and situations has come under scrutiny. This paper argues that the reason behind such lack of clear decision making arises from the large presence of Soft Law nomenclature in ASEAN agreements, resulting in the lack of any Hard Law obligations on these nations. The paper attempts to highlight the lack of clarity in the nomenclature used in ASEAN agreements, the problems that arise from the same, and the possible reasoning behind the usage of such nomenclature. In conclusion, the paper provides a few solutions and recommendations that could be adopted by the ASEAN community of nations to establish themselves as an economic community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chitosan–collagen blends have been widely applied in tissue engineering, joints diseases treatment, and many other biomedical fields. Understanding the affinity between chitosan and collagen type II is particularly relevant in the context of mechanical properties modulation, which is closely associated with designing biomaterials suitable for cartilage and synovial fluid regeneration. However, many structural features influence chitosan's affinity for collagen. One of the most important ones is the deacetylation degree (DD) in chitosan and the hydroxylation degree (HD) of proline (PRO) moieties in collagen. In this paper, combinations of both factors were analyzed using a very efficient molecular dynamics approach. It was found that DD and HD modifications significantly affect the structural features of the complex related to considered types of interactions, namely hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic, and ionic contacts. In the case of hydrogen bonds both direct and indirect (water bridges) contacts were examined. In case of the most collagen analogues, a very good correlation between binding free energy and DD was observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper investigates a range of facts exhibiting reconstruction effects. We consider facts concerning anaphor binding, variable binding, quantifier scope and binding condition C in A-bar-movement structures (questions, relative clauses and topicalization) as well as VP fronting in English and Chinese. Our findings provide strong support to the copy theory of movement and identify some areas that need further refinement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main goal of this work was to investigate the biological fungicidal activity of some commercial essential oils of tea tree, lavender and thyme, which were to be applied as alternative preservatives for ancient manuscripts. To achieve our goal, model samples of cellulosic paper were made to mimic the original manuscript, which was a Coptic manuscript known as Pascha (the sacred week), dated 1812. Twenty-three microorganism strains were isolated representing twelve fungal taxa and one bacterial taxa which were identified in all collected and analyzed in samples, which included Trichoderma viride, Penicillium roqueforti, Eurotium chevalieri, Aspergillus flavus and Bacillus subtilis. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to investigate the growth of the associated microorganisms and their effect on the sample paper structure. Different concentrations of the aforementioned essential oils were applied on the mimic samples, which were then subjected to accelerated ageing corresponding to 25 or 50 years of a natural one. To characterize the applied oils on the samples, we made records by using FTIR-ATR, color measurements according to CIELAB system, and analyzed the mechanical properties of the tested samples. The results revealed that the samples treated with either tea tree oil or lavender oil, had ΔE values that decreased as the oil concentration increased. However, when samples were treated with thyme oil the reverse was obtained. For the treated samples exposed to 25 years of light ageing, we noticed that the higher obtained tensile strength and % elongation of treated samples followed the ranking order: thyme > lavender > tea tree oils. For the treated samples that were exposed to 50 years of natural light ageing, we observed that almost all tensile strength and elongation values of the treated samples were higher than that of the untreated ones. Moreover, we noticed that the inhibition of growth of the microorganisms was obtained at a low concentration of tea tree oil (0.25% v/v). This treatment was esthetically acceptable for archaeological objects, because it was colorless, transparent and safe. Based on the results we obtained, the optimized essential oil, which is the oil with an appropriate concentration, was selected to be added to the cellulosic pulp used for the leaf casting. Moreover, the same optimized essential oil was applied on the paper samples to be used as separators between the ancient manuscript pages. After dismantling, cleaning, leaf casting and rebinding of the damaged parts, the manuscript is then preserved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper represents the conservation-restoration process of the oriental manuscript in the Turkish language, Aṭ-Ṭāriqa al-Muḥammadiyya. The manuscript is stored in the library of the Tekke Mesudija which has very important old and rare book materials, among which oriental manuscripts hold a special place. The goal of the restoration was to restore the functionality of the binding and preserve the texts. The restoration treatments included: mechanical and chemical cleaning of the pages, repairing a missing portion of a page with Japanese paper, sewing the forms into the bookblock, embroidering the endband, and restoring the original covers. Conservation-restoration documentation with a proposal on the handling and preventive conservation of manuscripts was also prepared.

In this paper, the quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) was used to investigate hydrophobicity and binding strength (KD) for 10 different drugs interacting with human serum albumin (HSA). Quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) analysis was used to determine the relationship between drug hydrophobicity (ClogP) and HSA binding strength log(1/KD). The results are compared to prior knowledge on bovine serum albumin (BSA) binding. We demonstrate a positive correlation between drug hydrophobicity and the strength of ligand-protein binding to HSA and show a statistically significant similarity with the trend reported in BSA. The findings presented in this work provide insight into the role that bound water plays in ligand-protein interactions. Further, the comparison between HSA and BSA provides quantitative justification for the use of these proteins interchangeably in the analysis of drug-based binding kinetics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the development of a mechatronic punch and bind office machine. Integrating smart technologies in the existing traditional business machines will ease the evolution of these systems, enabling productivity and efficiency. The development of an experimental platform that enables further advances in servitization is required. To increase the binding rate of the office document, as well as to reduce the likelihood of errors, efforts have been made to develop a measuring system that allows the document to be properly measured and specifies the appropriate binding spine at the same time. As a complement, developments have been conducted in a system that enables the verification of the inserted spine. In addition, a system for automated document binding along with an integrated platform that allows the communication between all systems is presented. In both its hardware design and its underlying sensors, the new system has several advantages, providing significant performance improvements and upgradability over existing systems. This alternative comprises a system that enables a variety of sheets of paper, plastic or other materials to be punched. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper argues that inalienable relational nouns in Mandarin Chinese, specifically kinship nouns (KNs, e.g. father, sister) and body-part nouns (BPNs, e.g. head, face), have an implicit reflexive argument. Based on a syntactic comparison between KNs, BPNs, locally and long-distance bound reflexives, we argue that the implicit reflexive arguments of BPNs must be locally bound, whereas that of KNs can either be locally or long-distance bound. We conclude that these two types of implicit arguments in Mandarin Chinese correspond to locally and long-distance bound reflexives, respectively. We analyze this difference in connection with binding theory and a theory of logophoricity. We argue that the implicit argument of BPNs is a locally bound anaphor and cannot be used as a logophor, whereas that of KNs can, supporting a proposal that the logophoric property leads to long-distance binding, as argued by Huang & Liu's (2001) for reflexives in Mandarin Chinese. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, a number of arguments have been put forward stating that regular conditional clauses preceding their matrix clause are derived by means of movement: They are base-generated low in the tree and then moved to the high clause-initial position. Using data from English and German, I show in this short paper that these arguments carry over straightforwardly to less canonical conditional constructions such as V1-conditionals and conditional conjunction constructions. That suggests that, if the original arguments hold, then V1-conditionals and conditional conjunction constructions should be derived by movement as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses the constituency and ways of generation of cataphora. After having discussed the syntactic features of cataphora, the paper proposes that the ways of generation of cataphora falls into two types: movement and base-generation. Cataphora generated in the first way occupies the subject zone and functions as the modifier of the subject head, whereas cataphora generated in the second way occupies the adjunct zone and functions as a topic. Both ways of generation, however, must follow the Binding Principles B and C and satisfy the Prominence Constraint, the Feature Compatibility Constraint, and the I-within-I Constraint. Furthermore, movement must satisfy the requirement of Predicate-internal Subject, and cataphora in the attributive clause must follow GCR, ECP and islands conditions. This paper also discusses the necessity of establishing TopP from the point of view of Modern Chinese. As a supplement to and refinement of the TP adjunction approach, TopP base-generation approach can efficiently solve the problems TP adjunction approach runs into in terms of cataphora in the adjunct position and is crosslinguistically testified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our paper focuses on binding relations in the Polish piacere-type psychological verb podobać się 'to please'. In particular, we aim to test the make-up of the argument structure of this verb, which is taken in the literature to be of a double object unaccusative verb (Belletti and Rizzi 1988; Miechowicz-Mathiasen and Scheffler 2008; Jiménez-Fernández and Rozwadowska 2016; a.o.). To this end, we conduct an experimental study, which examines the ability of pre-verbally spelled-out NOM and DAT arguments of podobać się to bind possessive pronouns/reflexives. As a point of reference, we use the results of our previous study on binding relations in Polish double object constructions (DOCs). The study revealed that the higher object, in [Spec;VP], can bind only a possessive pronoun, and not a possessive reflexive embedded in the lower object. The results of our present study display analogous binding relations in podobać się, which provides an argument in favor of the double object unaccusative structure of this verb. Based on our results, we advance a theoretical account of binding in podobać się, which assumes the Index Theory of Binding (Hestvik 1992; Nikolaeva 2014) together with a slightly modified version of a recent analysis of podobać się put forward in Jiménez-Fernández and Rozwadowska (2016). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the necessity of handling unexpected events in execution time, e.g., to support process variations, new mechanisms for dealing with every possible behavior of the datapath must be developed. Conventional centralized controllers can only handle very few dynamic events. Distributed controllers, on the other hand, are able to support every combination of events. These controllers are composed of several finite state machines, which are interconnected via a global coordinator. The use of this type of controller obliges to check the hazards between operations in run time, which entails some penalty in the controller complexity. In this paper, a new methodology for deploying a distributed controller over a set of clusters is presented. A register binding algorithm specially suited for distributed controllers has also been developed. It combines a clustering method and a least recently used policy to reduce the number of hazards in run time. Furthermore, our methodology allows the exploration of different solutions by tuning the input parameters of the binding algorithm. Several studies evaluating the execution time and area tradeoffs are presented to support our techniques. Results show that for some cases it is possible to reduce more than 50% the expected execution time, at the expense of a slight area increase. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper presents a novel case study of a 3/4 agreement pattern typically found with hybrid nouns. This case study involves agreement and binding with Quantified NPs in English. I propose an analysis that relies on different classes of agreement targets agreeing at different times and couple this with a condition on the access to semantic agreement features. This new analysis can account for the novel data presented here as well as the data from the literature. This paper hence broadens both our empirical knowledge of 3/4 patterns as well as refines our theory of features and agreement that underlie such patterns.

This paper argues that Mandarin bei passives can be licensed by accomplishment events. It is observed that certain gapless bei passives have neither a syntactic gap nor an indefinite and hence cannot be accounted for by the A'-movement analysis or the binding analysis. This paper shows that if the complement clause of a bei passive denotes an accomplishment event, the bei passive can be licensed even if it is gapless or doesn't contain an indefinite. It is further suggested that such passives, just like other types of bei passives, have an operator-variable structure in the complement clause. In these gapless bei passives an empty operator Op binds the embedded tense and abstracts over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This technical study aims to describe the visual and material aspects of a Bodleian Library copy of the Kulliyyāt of Saʿdī produced at the Āstāna of Ḥusām al-Dīn Ibrāhīm in Shiraz at the beginning of the 16th century. The manuscript shows skilled craftsmanship and unity of design in all its constituent parts: from the original boards decorated with stamped motifs and doublures to the double page illustration; the double page illumination; the 28 illuminated headings and other ornamental features. The close examination of this manuscript has also unveiled the name of the artist Saʿd al-Dīn concealed in the figurative painting he so skilfully created whilst Rūzbihān’s name appears concealed in the illuminated page. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cognitive scientists have long known that the modalities interact during perceptual processing. Cross-modal illusions like the ventriloquism effect show that the course of processing in one modality can alter the course of processing in another. But how do the modalities interact in the specific domain of object perception? This paper distinguishes and analyzes two kinds of multisensory interaction in object perception. First, the modalities may bind features to a single object or event. Second, the modalities may cooperate when differentiating an object or event from its surroundings. I critically evaluate evidence for various forms of multisensory binding. I then consider the case for multisensory differentiation. I argue that existing evidence for multisensory differentiation is inconclusive. I highlight ways that the issue might be empirically resolved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Studies in Polish Linguistics is the property of Jagiellonian University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper is about completely formal representation of languages with binding. We have previously written about a representation following an approach going back to Frege, based on first-order syntax using distinct syntactic classes for locally bound variables vs. global or free variables (Sato and Pollack, J Symb Comput 45:598-616, ). The present paper differs from our previous work by being more abstract. Whereas we previously gave a particular concrete function for canonically choosing the names of binders, here we characterize abstractly the properties required of such a choice function to guarantee canonical representation, and focus on the metatheory of the representation, proving that it is in substitution preserving isomorphism with the nominal Isabelle representation of pure lambda terms. This metatheory is formalized in Isabelle/HOL. The final section outlines a formalization in Matita of a challenging language with multiple binding and simultaneous substitution. The Isabelle and Matita proof files are available online. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses the design of multimode architectures for digital signal and image processing applications. We present a dedicated design flow and its associated high-level synthesis tool, named GAUT. Given a unified description of a set of time-wise mutually exclusive tasks and their associated throughput constraints, a single register transfer level hardware architecture optimized in area is generated. In order to reduce the register, the steering logic, and the controller complexities, this paper proposes a joint-scheduling algorithm, which maximizes the similarities between the control steps and specific binding approaches for both operators and storage elements which maximize the similarities between the datapaths. It is shown through a set of test cases that the proposed approach offers significant area saving and low-performance penalties compared to both state-of-the-art techniques and dedicated mono-mode architectures. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper investigates “gapless” bei passives in Mandarin Chinese and the way they are licensed. It is discovered that if the embedded predicate of a bei passive contains a weak NP, then the bei passive can be gapless. The proposal of this paper is that the weak NP introduces a variable, which can be bound by the operator Op at the embedded IP. Op need not move from an argument position in the embedded predicate of the bei passive; it can be merged directly to the embedded IP and bind the variable introduced by the weak NP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Envelope protein (E) is one of the four structural proteins encoded by the genome of SARS‐CoV and SARS‐CoV‐2 Coronaviruses. It is an integral membrane protein, highly expressed in the host cell, which is known to have an important role in Coronaviruses maturation, assembly and virulence. The E protein presents a PDZ‐binding motif at its C‐terminus. One of the key interactors of the E protein in the intracellular environment is the PDZ containing protein PALS1. This interaction is known to play a key role in the SARS‐CoV pathology and suspected to affect the integrity of the lung epithelia. In this paper we measured and compared the affinity of peptides mimicking the E protein from SARS‐CoV and SARS‐CoV‐2 for the PDZ domain of PALS1, through equilibrium and kinetic binding experiments. Our results support the hypothesis that the increased virulence of SARS‐CoV‐2 compared to SARS‐CoV may rely on the increased affinity of its Envelope protein for PALS1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to advance a comprehensive theory of binding, which can account for all binding patterns found in Polish, some ofwhich are particularly puzzling for traditional and novel formulations of Binding Theory. Namely, Polish reflexive pronouns/possessives are typically (nominative) subject oriented but they can also have dative Object Experiencers, OEs, as antecedents. Yet, OEs are also appropriate local antecedents for pronominal possessives. Our analysis explains the complementarity of pronouns and reflexives and lack thereof by assuming that the Spell-out form of the reflexive/pronoun is determined by its covert movement, while a binding dependency is established via Agree for [var(iable):_ feature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neither neurobiological nor process models of meaning composition specify the operator through which constituent parts are bound together into compositional structures. In this paper, we argue that a neurophysiological computation system cannot achieve the compositionality exhibited in human thought and language if it were to rely on a multiplicative operator to perform binding, as the tensor product (TP)-based systems that have been widely adopted in cognitive science, neuroscience and artificial intelligence do. We show via simulation and two behavioural experiments that TPs violate variable-value independence, but human behaviour does not. Specifically, TPs fail to capture that in the statements fuzzy cactus and fuzzy penguin, both cactus and penguin are predicated by fuzzy(x) and belong to the set of fuzzy things, rendering these arguments similar to each other. Consistent with that thesis, people judged arguments that shared the same role to be similar, even when those arguments themselves (e.g., cacti and penguins) were judged to be dissimilar when in isolation. By contrast, the similarity of the TPs representing fuzzy(cactus) and fuzzy(penguin) was determined by the similarity of the arguments, which in this case approaches zero. Based on these results, we argue that neural systems that use TPs for binding cannot approximate how the human mind and brain represent compositional information during processing. We describe a contrasting binding mechanism that any physiological or artificial neural system could use to maintain independence between a role and its argument, a prerequisite for compositionality and, thus, for instantiating the expressive power of human thought and language in a neural system. This article is part of the theme issue 'Towards mechanistic models of meaning composition'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]