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Plants of Bambusa vulgaris Schrad. ex Wendl are a viable option to generate environmental, social and economic benefits. However, there are problems in the propagation via organogenesis of this species such as the low in vitro multiplication coefficient, which limits its propagation. The research was aimed to determine the effect of 6-benzylaminopurine and the immersion time on the multiplication, morphophysiology and biochemistry of B. vulgaris shoots in temporary immersion systems. Morphophysiological and biochemical variables were evaluated in shoots grown at different BAP concentrations (0; 6.6; 13.2 and 26.4) at immersion times of one, two or three minutes, for 30 days of cultivation. In those systems, the lower concentration of BAP (6.6 µM) and immersion time of two minutes favored the emission of new shoots. It was associated with an increase in the content of total chlorophylls, lignin and total phenols in shoots. Based on these results, a protocol was established for the propagation via organogenesis of B. vulgaris plants in Temporary Immersion Systems, with a high emission of new shoots in vitro, which can be applied to other bamboo species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vegetative propagation of Gigantochloa atter (Hassk.) Kurz. It is difficult due to their handling, transportation and poor root development. The tissue culture techniques allow increasing the number of these plants in a short period of time. In order to determine the effect of indole acetic acid (IAA) three concentrations (15, 20 and 25 mg l-1) on in vitro rooting were tested and a control without growth regulator it was included. After 20 days of culture the number of plants with roots was quantified, the plant height (cm) and root length (cm) was measured. The plants were transferred to acclimatization phase and after 20 days of culture survival was determined. The results showed that the IAA influenced the in vitro rooting of G. atter. By adding to the culture medium IAA (20.0 mg l-1) the highest percentages of rooting (96.0%) and ex vitro (60%) were obtained survival. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was aimed to achieve the morphological and anatomical characterization of in vitro plants of Bambusa vulgaris Schrad. exWendl during acclimatization. The morphological development of the leaf and root in plants acclimatized with 0 and 90 days after planting, as well as field plants with more than 15 years of planting were considered. Results showed important differences between the structures of the leaf in the evaluated periods. Both presented adaxial and abaxial monostratified epidermis, with presence of trichomes, stomata, micro-hairs in the intercostal area. The abaxial surface showed silica and papilla cells. In the analysis of the cross section of leaf blade B. vulgaris were observed bulliform and fusoid cells, confirming the presence of the xylem, phloem, epidermis, cuticle, vascular bundles, the chlorenchyma showing differences among the development stages. The longitudinal cut to the root-stem junction demonstrated a further development in plants acclimatized for 90 days. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bambusa vulgaris var. vulgaris has several uses. The biotechnological propagation can be an alternative to reach the demand of planting material. This investigation was aimed to determine the influence of substrate type on the acclimatization of in vitro plants. Two main components (worm humus (HL) and zeolite (Z)) were used to produce the substrate. These were combined (HL 70% and 30% Z, HL 60% and 40% Z, HL 50% and Z 50%, HL 80% and 20% Z). Worm compost and zeolite substrate was used as control. In vitro plants from rooting phase were acclimatized for 90 days. The number of roots per plant was assessed every 10 days (root length, number of shoots per plant, plant height and leave number). Survival was determined after 30 days of planting. Plant fresh and dry mass (g) were determined, subsequently, after 90 days of culture. Results demonstrated that the type of substrate influenced on the acclimatization of plants of B. vulgaris in greenhouse. The highest survival (%) ,number and length of roots as well as number of shoots per plant, fresh and dry mass of roots and cauline area, were achieved when the zeolite and worm humus were combined and by increasing the proportion of this last product. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The genus Bambusa represents one of the largest renewable natural resources. Due to its excellent physical and mechanical properties, resistance to insect attacks, beauty and diversity of applications it is a valuable economic alternative that has helped to mitigate the social problems of the countryside in Cuba. Traditional bamboo propagation is affected by long intervals of flowering, the limited stock of plant material, the low percentages of rooting and the limited existence of propagules. These elements are handicaps for mass propagation of bamboos. For these reasons, tissue culture techniques are fast and reliable for the propagation of bamboo through organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis. However, there is still a gap in the various constraints affecting in vitro propagation of bamboos such as microbial contamination in the establishment phase, low multiplication rates and rooting, as well as low rates of ex vitro survival. The aim of this study was to state generally the main scientific observations on the use of tissue culture techniques for in vitro propagation of several bamboo species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bambusa vulgaris var. vulgaris Schrad. ex Wendl. is a bamboo species of great economic importance. Developing protocols for propagation via organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis would be an efficient alternative to propagate this species since it adapts well to the soil and climatic conditions of Cuba. The aim of this work was to determine the effect of different concentrations of 6-BAP (1.0, 3.0 and 6.0 mg·l-1) and NAA (0, 0.5, 1.0 mg·l-1) on B. vulgaris in vitro multiplication. Number of shoots and leaves per explant were quantified. Also, height of plants was measured on the twentieth day of culture. Multiplication of Bambusa vulgaris var. vulgaris in liquid culture medium with BAP was achieved. Combination of BAP and NAA in the culture medium was not effective for this purpose. The result solves one of the main limitations to use biotechnology techniques on this crop. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Micropropagation is a viable alternative for bamboo propagation due to the potentialities this type of plant has for building, handicrafts confection and soil protection. The technique is an efficient alternative to plant propagation with a high genetic value and quality. The current research was developed focused on the in vitro establishing of axillary buds of Bambusa vulgaris var. Vittata. Three concentrations of sodium hypochlorite (1.0, 2.0 and 3.0%) and three different times (10, 15, 20 minutes) were used for disinfection of axillary buds. The highest rates of established buds were achieved using sodium hypochlorite to 2.0% during 20 minutes for disinfection. Between 86% and 100% buds sprouted, and a 93.7% of explants free of visible microbial contaminants were obtained from axillary buds introduced to in vitro conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The availability of D. strictus seeds is affected by the length and erratic flowering cycle of the species. These seeds also retain their germination only for short periods of time. The tissue culture offers a fast and reliable way for the propagation using in vitro seed germinated as initial plant material. This research was conducted with the objective of to germinate in vitro D. strictus seeds. The effect of different concentrations of sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) (3.0, 5.0 and 7.0%) and time for seed disinfection (20 and 30 min) were determined. It was evaluated the number of germinated seeds and free of microbial contaminants after 10 days of culture. The results showed that the method of disinfection which sodium hypochlorite 3.0% for 30 minutes was the best for in vitro germination of Dendrocalamus strictus (Rosb.) Nees seeds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bamboos are unique in bringing together a wide range of environmental services. The present work was conducted to determine the effect of immersion frequency of shoot multiplication of B. vulgaris grown in SIT. Three Immersion frequencies (every 4, 6 and 12 hours) were studied. The plant height was measured and the number of shoots per explant and the number of expanded leaves per explant were quantified. Furthermore, the water content was determined in the explants. It was found that the immersion frequency influenced the in vitro multiplication of B. vulgaris. The results showed that the number of shoots (6.5 shoots/explant) and the number of leaves per explant (11.0 leaves / explant) were higher with immersion every six hours. The lowest values for all variables were found in explants cultured with immersion every 12 h. In this treatment water content in the explants was higher. The results indicated that with the management of the immersion frequency it can encourage the multiplication of B. vulgaris in SIT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bambusa vulgaris Schrad. Ex Wendl is a species of great environmental importance and plays a vital role in the economic development of Cuba. The present work was carried out with objective of determining effect of inoculum density on morphology and physiology of the shoots of B. vulgaris cultivated in SIT. Morphological and physiological parameters of cultivated plants were evaluated at different inoculum densities (6, 12 and 18 explants per SIT) for 30 days. The results showed that densities studied had an effect on growth and physiology of shoots during in vitro multiplication. Studies revealed that number of shoots, shoot length, leaf numbers and chlorophyll increased with inoculum density of 12 explants. However, experiment showed that increase in inoculum density decreased accumulation of total chlorophyll, dry mass content of the shoots and water content. These results showed a better morpho-physiological response of shoots cultivated with 12 explants. This study provides an initial understanding of response of B. vulgaris shoots to cultivation of in vitro conditions, which is important for increasing production of bamboo plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The TIS provides solutions to the constraints that affecting in vitro propagation of bamboos and increases the quality of the plants in vitro propagated and survival of these in greenhouse conditions and field. This study aimed to determine the effect of immersion time on the multiplication of B. vulgaris shoot grown in TIS (RITA). Morphological, physiological and biochemical variables such as the number of shoots per plant, length of shoots, number of leaves per shoot, water contents, and lignin phenols were analyzed. It was demonstrated that the immersion time influenced the in vitro multiplication of B. vulgaris. The explants treated with the immersion time of a minute developed a greater number of shoots (5). These shoots showed dark green coloration, 92.1% water and 13% lignin. However, the increase of immersion time to three minutes caused increase in the water content of shoots and decreased lignin content, which affected their morphological response and multiplication in the TIS (RITA). Analysis of morphological, physiological and biochemical variables, allowed defining one minute is the optimum immersion time for shoot multiplication of B. vulgar is in temporary immersion systems (RITA). The method of in vitro propagation of B. vulgar is described offers the advantage of using liquid culture media and automated systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bamboos are important crops based on their potential for environmental services, carbon dioxide sequestration and timber production in a short period of time. In this study, eight variables associated with the productivity of Bambusa vulgaris var. vulgaris were evaluated and an estimate of the carbon dioxide sequestered was calculated. The total number of culms per plant was 16.53; the length of the culms was 12.35 m. The outer diameter of the culm in the basal, middle and distal was of 7.10 cm, 6.48 cm and 3.05 cm, while the inner diameter of the culm was 4.16 cm, 5.12 cm and 1.95 cm respectively. Fresh mass in the basal, middle and distal was 1.15 kg, 0.59 kg and 0.18 kg, while the dry mass was 0.63 kg, 0.33 kg and 0.11 kg. The net volume of the section of the culm basal, middle and distal was 0.12 m³, 0.056 m³, 0.045 m³, while the apparent volume of the culm was 0.29 m³, 0.27 m³, 0.13 m³. The carbon sequestered estimate per culm was 3.25 kg per culm and 53.68 kg per rally. These variables can be used for more accurate measures of productivity growth and Bambusa vulgaris var. vulgaris under field conditions, as well as for estimating environmental contributions by estimating the CO2 sequestration of this species in Cuban agroecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Efficient protocols of Guadua angustifolia Kunth micropropagation are not reported due to two principal problems for establishing it: explants necrosis and microbial contamination. In this work a high frequent bacterial contaminant in the in vitro establishment of Guadua was isolated and identified . Besides, the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Gentamicin sulphate was determined by two methods: dillution and diffusion in Agar methods. Bacterial contaminant isolated was identified as belonging to Bacillus genus. Sensitivity of Bacillus sp. to Gentamicin sulphate was proved and the value of MIC (1μgml-1) was obtained using both methods. The use of this antibiotic will be an alternative for the solution of in vitro bacterial contamination problems in Guadua angustifolia tissue culture once no existance of phytotoxicity is verified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]