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Elephant dung (ED) particleboard (PB) still has subpar physical and mechanical qualities. In earlier research, adding wood shavings and bamboo layers to ED-derived PB successfully enhanced its physical and mechanical qualities. However, the resistance to termites and decay of this PB is still unknown. Therefore, this study examines the resistances to termites and decay of the PBs from ED fiber-modified with wood shavings and bamboo layering. ED and wood shavings were distributed throughout the PB in ratios of 100/0, 90/10, 80/20, 70/30, 60/40, and 50/50 (w/w %). Meanwhile, tali bamboo (Gigantochloa apus), talang bamboo (Schizostachyum brachycladum), kuning bamboo (Bambusa vulgaris), belangke bamboo (Gigantochloa pruriens), and betung bamboo (Dendrocalamus asper) were the materials used in this study. These findings demonstrated that adding wood shavings could improve PB's resistance to termite and decay attacks. However, in this investigation, the layering of bamboo diminishes the PB's resistance to termite and decay attack. A 50/50 ratio between ED and wood shavings achieved slightly higher termite mortality and lower weight loss than others. Meanwhile, kuning bamboo had lower termite mortality and higher weight loss than others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Elephant dung (ED) particleboard (PB) still has subpar physical and mechanical qualities. In earlier research, adding wood shavings and bamboo layers to ED-derived PB successfully enhanced its physical and mechanical qualities. However, the resistance to termites and decay of this PB is still unknown. Therefore, this study examines the resistances to termites and decay of the PBs from ED fiber-modified with wood shavings and bamboo layering. ED and wood shavings were distributed throughout the PB in ratios of 100/0, 90/10, 80/20, 70/30, 60/40, and 50/50 (w/w %). Meanwhile, tali bamboo (Gigantochloa apus), talang bamboo (Schizostachyum brachycladum), kuning bamboo (Bambusa vulgaris), belangke bamboo (Gigantochloa pruriens), and betung bamboo (Dendrocalamus asper) were the materials used in this study. These findings demonstrated that adding wood shavings could improve PB's resistance to termite and decay attacks. However, in this investigation, the layering of bamboo diminishes the PB's resistance to termite and decay attack. A 50/50 ratio between ED and wood shavings achieved slightly higher termite mortality and lower weight loss than others. Meanwhile, kuning bamboo had lower termite mortality and higher weight loss than others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The suitability of bamboo's basic characteristics is very important for more specific purposes, such as composite raw materials. Anatomical, physical, mechanical, and chemical characteristics are some of bamboo's fundamental characteristics. This study analyses the basic properties, such as physical, mechanical, and chemical properties of bamboo from the Forest Area with Special Purpose (FASP) Pondok Buluh Sumatera Island, Indonesia (I); analyses the relationship between the properties of each type of bamboo (II); and chooses the type of bamboo with the best properties that have the potential to be applied to composite materials, such as laminated bamboo (III). This study used materials consisting of six species of bamboo from the FASP Pondok Buluh. The manufacture of physical and mechanical test samples refers to the ISO 22157 standard, 2004, while the chemical properties test refers to the TAPPI 1999 standard. The chemical, physical, and mechanical properties of bamboo vary widely among species. The lowest holocellulose and α-cellulose content were found in the Kuning Bamboo (B. vulgaris var. vittata). The content of holocellulose and α-cellulose causes the lowest density in Kuning Bamboo (B. vulgaris var. vittata). The Dasar Bamboo (Bambusa vulgaris) has the highest levels of lignin. The substances have an impact on moisture content, T/R ratio, and shear strength. The Dasar Bamboo (Bambusa vulgaris) has the lowest moisture content, the highest T/R ratio, and the highest shear strength. However, Betung Bamboo (Dendrocalamus asper) has the highest density in this study. The compressive strength of the Betung Bamboo (Dendrocalamus asper) has the highest value. Therefore, Betung bamboo and Dasar Bamboo in this study were potentially utilized for composite materials, such as laminated bamboo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of natural fibers or particles as alternative raw materials for particleboard production is essential due to the shrinking forest area. Currently, dung waste from the Sumatran elephant (Elephas maximus sumatranus) is being used as a raw material for particleboard due to its high fiber content. Although the product still has inferior mechanical and physical characteristics, it can be improved by layering bamboo. Therefore, this study aimed to enhance the mechanical and physical qualities of elephant dung particleboard by adding layers of bamboo. The particleboard constructed had three layers; namely, the face and back in the form of a bamboo layers, as well as the core, which was in the form of elephant dung. The elephant dung was evenly mixed with isocyanate adhesive using a spray gun, and the bamboo layers were coated with adhesive on one side of the surface. The sample was subjected to a hot press at a temperature of 150 °C and 30 kg/cm2 pressure for 10 min. Generally, JIS A 5908-2003 is the specification used to test the physical and mechanical properties of particleboard. During the experiment, the characteristics examined include density, moisture content, water absorption, thickness swelling, modulus of elasticity, modulus of rupture, and internal bonding, which were enhanced by using layers of bamboo. The results showed that the physical properties of the particleboard with bamboo layers were a density of 0.62–0.69 g/cm3, a moisture content of 7.87–10.35%, water absorption of 38.27–68.58%, and a thickness swelling of 10.87–30.00%, which met the minimum standards of JIS A 5908-2003. The mechanical characteristics had values for the modulus of elasticity of 1952–7282 MPa, the modulus of rupture of 20.44–68.27 MPa, and the internal bonding of 0.16–0.38 MPa, which met the JIS A 5908-2003 standard. Based on these results, the particleboard with Belangke bamboo layers was the best in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]