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Purpose: This study aims to identify the strategic leadership and change management used to obtain the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business (AACSB) accreditations as well as the research development on AACSB in the past decade. Design/methodology/approach: This study used a systematic literature review following Petticrew and Roberts' study. The articles were limited to empirical studies published from 2013 to 2022, taken from the Dimensions AI database. Findings: The findings suggested that two leadership styles were used to obtain AACSB accreditation: dominance-oriented transformational and financial leadership, alongside three traits of academic leaders: commitment, engagement and encouragement. Additionally, three change management models/processes were found in the articles: teaching evaluation framework, temporary isomorphism and authenticity. Finally, they discovered that the object of the studies on AACSB accreditation had been narrowed down from the organizational level to smaller objects consisting of schools' identity, teaching, learning and business schools' key players. Research limitations/implications: As this study only used Dimensions AI, potential articles related to the topic outside the database could not be obtained. Thus, it limits the scope of the findings of this paper. Practical implications: This study informs academic leaders in business schools about the role of strategic leadership and change management in obtaining AACSB accreditation. Originality/value: Through a systematic scoping review, this study presented a decade of research development on AACSB in addition to the strategic leadership and change management needed to obtain it.

In this paper, the authors identify and analyze public policy and the investment and expenditure that the governments of Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Paraguay and Uruguay commit to make in the development and procurement of textbooks, books and digital content for primary and secondary education (K-12). The aim is to identify and propose a roadmap for developing policies that advance the principles of the Paris Open Educational Resources Declaration. In the region, digital content coexists with and complements the traditional ones. Paper textbooks continue to have a leading role in the education systems of the region. In this context, the authors assess how the acquisition of traditional and digital materials occurs and offer some recommendations to the governments to adjust their public spending policies on educational resources development and procurement. [This paper was presented at the OpenCourseWare Consortium Global Conference (Ljubljana, Slovenia, April 23-25, 2014).]

This article introduces a special issue of EPAA/AAPE devoted to recent higher education reforms in Latin America. The last two decades have seen much policy development in higher education in the region, examined and discussed by scholars in each country, but dialog with the international literature on higher education reform, or an explicit comparative focus, have been mostly absent from these works. By way of presentation of the papers included in this issue, we first provide an overview of major policy changes in higher education in the Latin American region since the 1990s. We then turn to the six works in this special issue to describe the theories and methods supporting them. Next, we illustrate how general analytic categories can be derived from single or multi country case studies to illuminate themes capable of cutting across the particulars of national contexts, with their unique traditions, policy paths, and politics. Our three common threads are, first, the types of drivers for reform, that is, how policy change originates, either bottom-up from the institutions, or top-down from the government, and various possibilities in between. Second, understanding challenges to institutional autonomy in a continuum of intensity of state intended intervention in higher education. Third, explaining different levels of strain between public and private sectors in higher education based on conditions of competition for economic resources. While the papers in this special issue do not cover all countries, nor all issues on which policy has been crafted in the last two decades across the region, the collection of articles herein account for topics of enduring importance: faculty work in Ecuador, financial aid in Colombia, public policy decentralization in Argentina, quality assurance models in Colombia and Uruguay, the emerge of new institutions and universities in Argentina and Uruguay, and social justice, access, and inclusion in higher education, in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, and Ecuador. The articles presented in this special issue provide much insight onto higher education policy in Latin America and, additionally, offer ample opportunity to develop social science knowledge on the basis of strong comparative work.

For the last 30 years international assessments have become more widespread and systematic, and their influence on education policy has increased: the OECD through the PISA tests has played a major role in this process. This article reflects on the case of the countries of the Southern Cone: Argentina, Uruguay, and Chile. It analyzes the relationship between the OECD, PISA and the education policy agenda setting as part of the process of internationalization of schooling. [This paper was presented at the bi-annual CESE Conference held in Nicosia, Cyprus, in May 2018.]

Latin American countries have evolved over the years. Still, after years of military reign, socioeconomicinstability, and civil wars, the region has been known for its anti-hegemonic economic growth (educationalpolicies) strategies. Central and South America's educational system has long been under investigation by researchers both theoretically and empirically. The transition of its education system through the introduction of centralized, liberalized, and populist ideology has sparked many researchers' interest. This paper aims to understand and compare 14 Latin American countries' education orientation. The study uses a matrix table to visualize the qualitative finding.

The purpose of this paper is to comprehend the importance that grammar has in the teaching of writing in the Hispanic American countries and Spain. To achieve this, the discussion that has taken place in these countries about the importance of sentence grammar in the teaching of writing is analysed. Three proposals for the contextualised teaching of grammar are systematised from the literature review: those that are focused in the writing process, those focused on metalinguistic reflection and those with a greater emphasis in the grammar of text. Besides, the school curricula of 14 Spanish-speaking countries that were involved in the international assessment of TERCE are examined. This analysis shows an evident attachment to the communicative approach of grammar. This means that in almost all countries grammar is taught linked to the linguistic skills of reading, writing or orality, with an especial emphasis in writing. Also, two tendencies can be observed in the curricula of this countries, that guide the way in which curricula use sentence grammar to have an impact on written communication: (i) from sentence grammar to text grammar and (ii) from text grammar to sentence grammar.

Introduction: The Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ) is one of the most worldwide employed scales to assess self-regulated learning and its factor structure is a topic of debate nowadays. In this paper the internal structure of the instrument is analyzed on university students of Argentina and Uruguay. The aim was to extract a short version of the MSLQ. Method: 918 Argentinian and Uruguayan university students participated. An exploratory factor analysis as well as confirmatory factor analysis was applied using SPSS 21, SIMLOAD and LISREL 8.8 respectively. The factor invariance of the model was tested through the segmentation of each sample according to country, age and gender. The internal consistency was calculated for each sample using the Omega coefficient, these coefficients were compared using the "AlphaTest" program and the coefficient q. Results: The exploratory factor analysis yielded a hexafactorial solution that kept 18 items. This structure was tested in the sample of each country through a confirmatory factor analysis, which verified adequate fit indices (CFI > 0.90, RMSEA < 0.06). The factorial invariance of the model was tested, verifying the metric equivalence ([delta]CFI < 0.009, [delta]RMSEA < 0.002). For each dimension and country, internal consistency was estimated, obtaining values between 0.55 and 0.79. Discussion and Conclusion: The abbreviated version of the MSLQ will allow to have further understanding of the way in which Argentinian and Uruguayan students self-regulate their learning. This information could prove useful for the design of interventions that promote self-regulated learning processes at a college level. Future research will test the structure hereby obtained, aiming to verify whether its results persist in different academic orientations and countries.

The pulp mill conflict between Argentina and Uruguay is a topical environmental local-global dispute including various time-space levels (local-regional-national-global). It is also a politico-economic battle among business, civil society and governments in the two South American countries. This article highlights the widely analysed Argentine and Uruguayan perspectives, but it also brings to the fore the Finnish case (of mass media, the global Finnish paper industry, Finnish NGOs and the government). The article seeks to come to an understanding of the characteristics of the conflict as portrayed by the media in Finland and, critically, to examine the effects of the stereotypical Finnish image — 'iconic model' — on Argentina and Uruguay.The article is a study of the discussions in the Finnish mass media, mainly in Helsingin Sanomat (HS), the key national newspaper, and in the television coverage of the Finnish Broadcasting Company, YLE.The analysis shows that the Finnish media, too, have created stereotypes that harden attitudes and make conflict resolution more difficult. What is virtually absent in the Finnish media is a democratic multicultural learning culture that fosters and itself is fostered through a more transnational and interdisciplinary perspective. The global and national media have an increasingly important task in such situations of cultural conflict resolution, situations which are also attached to the recent discussions of corporate social responsibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This paper aims to present an approach to achieve accessible and inclusive Virtual Education for all, but especially intended for students with disabilities. This work proposes main steps to take into consideration for stakeholders involved in the educational process related to an inclusive e-Learning. Design/methodology/approach: The paper pays particular regard to accessibility in Virtual Education. This work is based on the activities prepared from years 2012 to 2015 within the initiative called ESVI-AL. This initiative was carried out in conjunction with Latin American and European Universities; for this paper, experiences and best practices from the initiative were used to prepare the proposed approach. Findings: The aim of ESVI-AL initiative was to offer products that can help in the development of an accessible and inclusive e-Learning education. Among the main results were reports, case studies, practical guidelines, training courses and software to install virtual campuses with accessibility features. Social implications: Nowadays, few countries have laws promoting and enforcing accessibility for e-Education and e-Society. This work aims to sensitize educators from different countries and raise awareness on the importance of working together toward an inclusive society based on accessible e-Learning. Originality/value: Based on a literature review and ESVI-AL initiative results, a descriptive overview was prepared as a starting point for the four identified main actors of an educational project, namely, educators, technical staff, quality auditors and students, with special emphasis on students with disabilities.

In this paper, we estimate the causal effect of an extra year of schooling on mathematics performance for seven Latin American countries based on PISA 2012. To that end we exploit exogenous variation in students' birthdates around the school entry cut-off date using both sharp and fuzzy Regression Discontinuity designs. We find strong effects of an extra year of schooling in most countries, which amount to a 30% increase in PISA test scores in Brazil, 18% in Uruguay, 7% in Argentina and 6% in Costa Rica. These effects differ from the typical estimates obtained from simple regressions or multilevel models and are large enough to allow 15-year-old students to reach higher proficiency levels, suggesting significant potential gains of reducing dropout rates in the region. Finally, we stress the importance of taking into account the effects of school entry cut-off dates on PISA samples to avoid making unfair international comparisons.

The academic programs at the graduate level are increasingly interested about the enrollment management challenges in terms of international student mobility. Understanding fundamental enrollment concepts to attract international students provides the essential key to consider the competitive environment concerning university resources, academic program potential, complex cultural dynamics, and workplaces among others. Based on a six-year quantitative and descriptive statistical study, this paper addresses the trends of first-time graduate enrollment and patterns of international student mobility by faculty at the University of Puerto Rico at Mayaguez. Results revealed the sustained trend of graduate enrollment of international students mainly from South America, Central America, and the Caribbean among others. Moreover, the presence of international graduate students adds a dimension of diversity to UPRM between teaching and research undertakings that enhance the Colleges of Engineering, Arts and Sciences, Agricultural Sciences, and Business Administration. The international student mobility has a consistent tendency mainly in the Colleges of Engineering, Arts and Sciences, and Agricultural Sciences. This consistency resembles the quality and reputation recognized by educational institutions and organizational world rankings. In-depth, understanding the trends related to international graduate enrollment and mobility should be considered by institutional leaders and administrators at UPRM to make knowledgeable decisions and to effectively set priorities to recruit highly qualified international students.

This paper deals with library professionals education in Mercosur--the Common Market of South America--established on 29 March, 1991 to expand the national markets of Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay, and promote free circulation of goods, services and production agents in that region. The paper presents, through a descriptive study, the undergraduate and graduate courses in Library Science, how many and what schools there are, and what programs are developed. It ends by identifying the directions in which they are moving and the challenges they are now facing.

Despite being a landmark of 20th century biology, the "classical molecular gene concept," according to which a gene is a stretch of DNA encoding a functional product, which may be a single polypeptide or RNA molecule, has been recently challenged by a series of findings (e.g., split genes, alternative splicing, overlapping and nested genes, mRNA edition, etc). The debates about the gene concept have important implications on biology teaching, and, thus, it is important to investigate whether and how these are addressed in this context. In this paper, we report results of an investigation relating to the treatment of genes in higher education cell and molecular biology textbooks. These results indicate that, despite several findings challenging time-honored ideas about genes, these ideas continue to be widely used in textbooks, even though the textbooks themselves discuss part of those findings. Textbooks also harbor a proliferation of meanings about genes that may make the concept look vague and confused, and even lead to ideas that are at odds with our current knowledge about genomes. (Contains 7 figures.)

An emergent literature has shown that some students overcome adversities related to their low Socio-Economic Status (SES) by attaining high academic achievement. One of the aims of this literature is to identify the factors that explain the capacity of students from low SES backgrounds to attain high academic achievement. However, upon reviewing this literature, I observed that few studies have comparatively investigated the associations between the capacity of students from low SES backgrounds to attain high achievement in reading and school climate characteristics. Additionally, I found that not many studies have researched whether student SES moderates these associations. This paper contributes to fill these two gaps by estimating associations between high achievement in reading and school climate characteristics. Moreover, it examines whether student SES moderates these associations. To do this, this research estimated logit and heterogeneous choice models using representative samples of students from Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, and Uruguay who participated in the 2018 Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA). The results show that high achievement in reading is positively correlated to certain teaching practices, such as perceived teacher enthusiasm during the instruction and adapting instruction to students' needs. Conversely, it is negatively correlated to teacher feedback and teacher-directed instruction. Furthermore, the findings indicate that high achievement in reading is negatively correlated to the scarcity and low quality of educational material. Interestingly, the results show that student SES does not moderate these associations. In conclusion, these findings indicate that interventions targeting these areas of school climate may help to increase students' probability of attaining high achievement in reading, regardless of their SES. Likewise, these results suggest that if these interventions are focused in low SES schools, they may contribute to bridge the gap in reading skills between students from low and middle or high socioeconomic backgrounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on the formation of an herbarium and the botanical exchanges conducted by a Uruguayan landowner, Mariano B. Berro (1838–1919), by analysing his archive deposited in the National Archives of Uruguay, which has been neglected as a source for the history of science. This case illustrates the relationship between animal husbandry and the observation and collection of local vegetation, especially the identification of forage plants. In particular, this paper analyses the correspondence between Berro and the Swiss pharmacist and landowner Teodoro Stuckert (1852–1932), who settled in the province of Córdoba, Argentina. Both of them began to assemble botanical collections in the 1890s, and maintained an intense correspondence for nearly 20 years, which provides insights into the practices of a vocational botanist from a rural area in the Rio de la Plata and the role of the network created to exchange specimens, data, and publications within South America as well as with Europe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the past two decades regional agreements have become more significant in educational and training. This paper situates and analyses the European Higher Education Area (EHEA), the Bologna Process and the Lisbon Strategy and explores their influence on the integration of higher education systems in Mercosur (the Southern Common Market of Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay and Venezuela). Mercosur is still a customs union, and the project of integrating higher education is at an early stage. Lacking organically established regional bodies, coordination of integration in Mercosur has focused on summits and meetings of officials. However, in a context of unequal maturity in regional integration, there is emerging evidence that the EHEA project is influencing the reforms of national systems of higher education and even Mercosur's model for a regional area of higher education. A nascent Europeanization of higher education systems in the Mercosur region is emerging, by-passing Mercosur's regional structures. The formulation of policies has been permeated by policy transfer from Europe to national territories within Mercosur.

This paper studies multidimensional poverty for Argentina, Brazil, Chile, El Salvador, Mexico and Uruguay for the period 1992-2006. The approach overcomes the limitations of the two traditional methods of poverty analysis in Latin America (income-based and unmet basic needs) by combining income with five other dimensions: school attendance for children, education of the household head, sanitation, water and shelter. The results allow a fuller understanding of the evolution of poverty in the selected countries. Over the study period, El Salvador, Brazil, Mexico and Chile experienced significant reductions in multidimensional poverty. In contrast, in urban Uruguay there was a small reduction in multidimensional poverty, while in urban Argentina the estimates did not change significantly. El Salvador, Brazil and Mexico, and rural areas of Chile display significantly higher and more simultaneous deprivations than urban areas of Argentina, Chile and Uruguay. In all countries, deprivation in access to proper sanitation and education of the household head are the highest contributors to overall multidimensional poverty.

In 2007, six countries (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Paraguay, Peru and Uruguay) commenced work on a project to harmonise public policy on school sexuality education (SE) and the prevention of HIV. Inter-sectoral management committees for SE involving ministries of education, ministries of health and civil society were established, national policies and work plans were formulated and implemented, and SE/HIV prevention activities were carried out. The strengths and weaknesses of implementation were assessed. After this, the beginnings of a community of practice were created, with national focal points. This paper analyses the above process using qualitative data generated through semi-structured questionnaires and interviews, with a focus on the perceived contribution of regional collaboration to the development of national policies, national curricula and implementation. Overall, the initiative reached 83,000 teachers and 1,500,000 pupils. Training materials and national curricula and policies were developed, introduced and implemented. Regional collaboration improved political institutionalisation, information exchange, inter-sectoral collaboration, civil society participation, programme legitimacy and the perception of SE as a young person's right. The initiative offers a model for other countries, with regional collaboration helping to establish the case for SE both normatively and institutionally at the political level, mitigate obstacles in the context of such a politically sensitive topic as SE and provide a forum for discussion and the exchange of information which in turn helped legitimise and operationalise national SE policies.

Lilian Harrison was a pioneering South American swimmer who established new records for open water distance swimming, and time spent swimming, in December 1923, as she became the first person to swim across the Rio de la Plata, from Uruguay to Argentina. Until now, her achievements have been remembered and studied as a South American history, from Harrison's birth in Quilmes to her training in Tigre, to the tumultuous reception she received when returning to Buenos Aires after her successful swim. In this article, we situate Harrison's achievement within the historical context of her early life and education, which was spent in an idealistic and pioneering school in Letchworth Garden City, in England. We argue that Harrison's English schooling was a vital ingredient in her 1923 success that was generally overlooked in the press reports. Using existing newspaper sources as well as privately-held family papers which we have been fortunate to consult, we look at Harrison's education at school, in the pool and her family upbringing. The article concludes with some reflections on the nature of global sporting histories in the early twentieth century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes how ability, motivation and opportunity bundles of HRM practices affect enhanced manufacturing performance in family firms (FFs) and non-family firms (NFFs). Five hypotheses were proposed and tested using data from a unique survey of 301 manufacturing plants located in Uruguay and Argentina. Estimations indicate that coherent bundles comprising HRM practices aimed at enhancing abilities (A) and giving workers the opportunity to participate in the decision-making process (O), individually and interactively, have a positive effect on manufacturing performance in FFs. A motivational bundle of HRM practices (M) has a positive effect on enhanced performance in NFFs. The study therefore establishes the existence of hierarchies among bundles, which vary with company ownership. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to study the lemon and citrus clusters in Argentina and Uruguay, in which the central role of public-private coordination in ensuring successful participation in global value chains. International agrifood markets are increasingly segmented in terms of quality, plant health and safety standards, requiring the implementation of reliable traceability systems and certifications of good practices. These requirements call for the alignment of various actors – including private companies, plant health organizations, science and technology institutions – behind a common interest. Design/methodology/approach: This study employed a series of case studies to answer the research question. Thus, the study conducted 30 in-depth semi-structured interviews with stakeholders from different public and private organizations (18 for the Argentinean case and 12 for Uruguay). This fieldwork took place between June and November 2020, where all interviews were recorded. Findings: The clusters studied here exemplify how these challenges can be successfully met. In turn, these achievements not only represent new export opportunities, employment generation, attraction of foreign direct investment (or the opening of subsidiaries in other countries by one of the local companies) but also the possibility for small producers to benefit from a novel array of sectoral public goods and institutions that have the potential to contribute to their growth. Research limitations/implications: The adoption of a case study method limits the generalization of results. Originality/value: This study sheds light on how public–private cooperation spaces and the provision of public goods might boost fruit exports. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the last two decades, natural resource governance has become an increasingly important element of South American regionalism as commodities became a central driver for regional development strategies. Yet, due to socio-environmental impacts and dissatisfaction with decision-making processes, it is also frequently contested. This article focuses on one particularly prominent contestation with transboundary and regional repercussions, the case of the pulp mill conflict which escalated between Argentina and Uruguay in the 2000s. Using the concepts of regionness and politics of scale, it examines in which ways the pulp mill conflict affected regional cohesion and seeks to understand why it evolved in this way. This shows that the way national governments address socio-environmental conflicts is an important additional obstacle to regional cohesion which has received little attention in studies of South American regionalism so far. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ecología Política is the property of Fundacio ENT and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Although the benefits of the use of quality management practices (QMP) in manufacturing firms are well known around the world, their implementation is quite different in different development contexts. This paper reports a study of the implementation of QMP in southern Latin American countries, specifically in 301 manufacturing firms in Argentina and Uruguay. No previous study has analysed this issue for this region. In addition, we compare the implementation of these practices in these two countries with that in Spain, through the use of the same questionnaire completed in both regions. In doing so, this paper achieves three aims. First, it provides new evidence about the diffusion of QMP in the River Plate (RP) region. Second, it provides new evidence on the implementation of QMP through cross-country comparison in different development contexts. Third, it tests a number of hypotheses about the influence of contextual and organisational factors on the levels of implementation of QMP in manufacturing firms in the RP region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Guaraní Aquifer System (SAG) is the largest transboundary aquifer in Latin America, extending beneath parts of Brazil, Paraguay, Argentina, and Uruguay. This paper presents the results of recent hydrogeological studies in the southern portion of the SAG. Locally, the abundance of surface water bodies precluded the use of conventional hydrological tools to characterize groundwater flows. Geological, hydrochemical and environmental isotope investigations were integrated to postulate a revised hydrogeological conceptual model. The revised geological model has provided a better definition of the geometry of the aquifer units and outlined the relevance of regional faults in controlling flow patterns. The new potentiometric map is consistent with groundwater flow from the SAG outcrops to the centre of the Corrientes Province, where upwards flows were identified. Hydrochemical and isotope data confirmed the widespread occurrence of mixing. Noble gas isotopes dissolved in groundwater (4He and 81Kr/Kr) provided residence times ranging from recent recharge up to 770 ± 130 ka. Groundwater age modelling confirmed the role of the geological structures in controlling groundwater flow. The southern sector of the SAG is a multilayer aquifer system with vertical flows and deep regional discharge near the Esteros del Iberá wetland area and along the Paraná and Uruguay rivers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Ars Boni et Aequi is the property of Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins, Facultad de Derecho y Comunicacion Social and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista PAMPA is the property of Universidad Nacional del Litoral and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Nova Economia is the property of Nova Economia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this paper, we work about the sense that the concept of inclusion acquired as a guiding principle of educational policies in the context of progressive governments 2003-2010 in Argentina, Uruguay and Brasil. We describe and analyze some educational policy programs aimed at educational inclusion in those countries based on theoretical contributions and political perspectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents the results of an exploratory study aimed to analyze the contexts in which the use of Non-Traditional ports of cocaine departure and counter-intuitive routes is prioritized, based on the experience of Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay. Moreover, we show that criminal organizations prioritize the Ports of Buenos Aires, San Antonio and Montevideo, and the counter-intuitive routes that lead to them, because they are spaces that generate incentives linked to the porosity of borders, the lack of control at the ports, and the possibility of exploiting the country's lack of reputation for drug exportation to re-export cocaine undetected. This study constitutes a precedent for future research on the role of South American Southern Cone ports in cocaine trafficking. We can identify at least four emerging lines of research: 1. Cocaine trafficking from landlocked countries; 2. The role of the waterway Paraná-Paraguay; 3. The link between Non-Traditional ports of cocaine departure and new markets; and 4. Other Non-Traditional Ports of cocaine departure, which are not containerized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de la CEPAL is the property of United Nations Publications and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Review of Policy Research is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In two works of photographic assemblage, portraits of those disappeared under the last Argentine and Uruguayan dictatorships appeared on the walls of Montevideo and Buenos Aires. In 1984 Buenos Aires, the collective C.A.Pa.Ta.Co. produced afiches participativos in the months following the country's return to democracy. For this project, the public was invited to colour in black-and-white photocopied portraits installed around the Plaza de Mayo. In 2008, Juan Angel Urruzola installed enormous portraits of the disappeared throughout the streets of Montevideo in a visual campaign that coincided with a referendum on the Law of Expiry in Uruguay. Both projects represent acts of political and artistic assembling shaped by precariousness, a condition of simultaneous endurance and fragility. This article contributes to contemporary debates surrounding the constitution of public space, community, and communication in post-dictatorial Southern Cone with a focus on the encounter between the image and an emergent public. Bringing together Deleuze and Guattari's philosophy of assemblage, Judith Butler's reflections on political assembly, and Claire Bishop's discussion of antagonism in participatory art, I argue that a precarious quality of assembly enables collective creation, dissent, and exchange within the space of the photographic assemblage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Opinião Pública is the property of Universidade Estadual de Campinas - Portal de Periodicos Eletronicos Cientificos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Approximately 18 million people live around the Río de la Plata estuary. Being far away from the zones of major plate boundary-related earthquakes in South America, this region is conventionally regarded as being seismically stable. Nevertheless, during the last 2 centuries of recorded history, there have been several earthquakes of low to moderate magnitude in the region and there is no reason to suppose that it will not continue to be seismically active, albeit at low to moderate levels. This paper examines the evidence and reviews the seismic hazard for the areas bordering the Río de la Plata, and, taking into account the lack of preparedness in terms of construction codes, specifically in Uruguay, concludes that the exposure risk needs review. Until further investigation is carried out, we recommend that consideration be given to raising the seismic hazard rating for the zone around the Río de la Plata estuary to a PGA level of 0.1 g for 10 % probability of exceedance in a 50 year period. • Review of historical seismicity around Río de la Plata. • Estimates of probabilistic seismic hazard for Montevideo and Buenos Aires. • Recommends interim hazard rating of 0.1 g for 70 km inland from Río de la Plata coast. • Recommendations for further investigation and refinement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Citizen science initiatives contain a large volume of observations that can be useful to address ecological questions for a wide array of organisms. However, one limitation of citizen science data is the potential for species misidentification. Although recent studies have shown that citizen science data are relatively accurate for many taxa, the effect of misidentification errors in hard‐to‐identify species remains poorly explored. If misidentification events occur at large scales, ecological estimates can be compromised. Here, we show that misidentifications contained in citizen science databases biased phenological estimates in a pair of migratory and partially overlapping Neotropical flycatchers: the Chilean Elaenia Elaenia chilensis and the Small‐billed Elaenia Elaenia parvirostris. We reviewed and re‐classified 4399 photos of these species from Argentina, Chile and Uruguay. We found that overall identification accuracy was high (c. 90%) for both species when they were allopatric, but dramatically low for Small‐billed Elaenia during autumn migration (from 28.6% to 84.6%) because migrating individuals of Chilean Elaenia were systematically reported as Small‐billed. The phenological estimates for both Elaenias were biased due to the large number of misidentifications concentrated towards the autumn migration period. These errors caused a 1‐week advancement in the estimated arrival, and a 2‐week delay in the estimated departure for Small‐billed Elaenia. For Chilean Elaenia, errors caused a 1‐week delay for the estimated spring peak passage and underestimation of the magnitude of the autumn passage. Our results highlight the importance of performing critical assessments of records when using citizen science databases to describe ecological patterns in species that are hard to identify. The large volume of information provided by citizen science initiatives is useful to describe spatio‐temporal patterns in birds, particularly in those of poorly known regions. However, to further enhance the usefulness of such databases, it is imperative actively to post‐process and contrast patterns derived from documented (and undocumented) records, with a special focus on misidentifications. This will only be possible through a thorough review of the documented data, together with an intimate understanding of the natural history of the study species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Historia Contemporanea is the property of Historia Contemporania and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A growing body of research explores the factors that affect when corrupt politicians are held accountable by voters. Most studies, however, focus on one or few factors in isolation, leaving incomplete our understanding of whether they condition each other. To address this, we embedded rich conjoint candidate choice experiments into surveys in Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay. We test the importance of two contextual factors thought to mitigate voters' punishment of corrupt politicians: how widespread corruption is and whether it brings side benefits. Like other scholars, we find that corruption decreases candidate support substantially. But, we also find that information that corruption is widespread does not lessen the sanction applied against corruption, whereas information about the side benefits from corruption does, and does so to a similar degree as the mitigating role of permissible attitudes toward bribery. Moreover, those who stand to gain from these side benefits are less likely to sanction corruption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ctenophora are important components of marine ecosystems. However, the South-western Atlantic and Sub Antarctic region are still one of the least studied region in the world. We report the species composition and spatial distribution of Ctenophora and reviewed the studies performed in this region. New data obtained between 1910 and 2019, encompassing an area of c. 7 million km2 (32-60°S, 34-70°W) were presented and published information was added. We confirm the occurrence of nine taxa, seven of which have been previously reported in the region. Mnemiopsis leidyi and Pleurobrachia pileus were the most frequent and numerous species. Beroe ovata was frequently observed but reaching high numbers only occasionally. Beroe cucumis was always observed in low numbers. Callianira antarctica, Lampea pancerina and Mertensia ovum have been reported few times as single individuals. Eurhamphaea and Beroe sp. were found for the first time in the study region. This overview represents the state of the art in ctenophore research for the studied region, providing new knowledge on species composition and patterns of spatial distribution in the area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Neotropical Ichthyology is the property of Neotropical Ichthyology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Rethinking the African Diaspora in the Americas urges scholars to look beyond where Africans came from and where they first disembarked in order to integrate the transimperial dimension. Social networks connecting black communities throughout the Americas constituted an additional feature of the black experience that shaped the political, social, economic, and cultural features of African diasporic communities and the larger societies in which these groups found themselves. Evidence regarding the slaves and freedmen that traveled across the Portuguese and Spanish colonies in South America best illustrates the significance of transimperial networks for local black communities. This article reveals that these transimperial social ties proved essential for black communities in Buenos Aires and Montevideo. This contributes to discussions of “entangled empires” by showing how free and enslaved Africans and their descendants were immersed in transimperial social networks, which to a certain extent they shaped with their actions. This article emphasizes how military actions surrounding the fall of Portuguese Colonia in 1777 shaped the continuous and substantial black social networks across these borderlands and influenced black communities in Buenos Aires and Montevideo. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Mercosur faces a number of challenges in furthering its regional integration. This article considers whether theories developed for European regionalism, such as neo-functionalism and liberal inter-governmentalism, provide a suitable framework for analysing the Mercosur case. The article argues that economic and policy asymmetries as well as institutional, social and economic deficits hamper deepening regionalism. These asymmetries and deficits also jeopardise the further benefits that could arise from building on Mercosur's considerable achievements. Finally, the analysis warns against the dangers of politicisation of Mercosur and the importance of societal inclusion. It suggests that top-down state-led Mercosur regionalism could benefit from being turned upside-down by bottom-up societal interest in deeper integration in the current shifting international economic context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The southernmost outcrops of the Río de la Plata cratonic region are exposed in the Tandilia System in eastern Argentina. The geological evolution comprises mainly an igneous-metamorphic Paleoproterozoic basement named Buenos Aires Complex, which is covered by Neoproterozoic to Early Paleozoic sedimentary units which display subhorizontal bedding. The basement of calc-alkaline signature consists mainly of granitic-tonalitic gneisses, migmatites, amphibolites, some ultramafic rocks, and granitoid plutons. Subordinate rock-types include schists, marbles, and dykes of acid and mafic composition. Tandilia was recognized as an important shear belt district with mylonite rocks derived mainly from granitoids. The tectonic scenario seems related to juvenile accretion event (2.25-2.12 Ga) along an active continental margin, followed by continental collision (2.1-2.08 Ga) after U-Pb zircon data. The collisional tectonic setting caused thrusting and transcurrent faulting favouring the anatexis of the crustal rocks. The tholeiitic dykes constrain the time of crustal extension associated with the last stages of the belt evolution. The basement was preserved from younger orogenies such as those of the Brasiliano cycle. After a long paleoweathering process, the Sierras Bayas Group (c. 185 m thick) represents a record of the first Neoproterozoic sedimentary unit (siliciclastic, dolostones, shales, limestones), superposed by Cerro Negro Formation (c. 150-400 m thick, siliciclastics) assigned to Upper Neoproterozoic age. The final sedimentary transgression during Early Paleozoic was the Balcarce Formation (c. 90-450 m thick) deposited over all the mentioned Precambrian units. Based on all the geological background, a tectonic evolution is offered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Domestic violence is endemic across Latin America. It is legitimated by patriarchal Christian theologies and widespread gender inequality. Drawing on the work of women theologians and activists working in Argentina, Uruguay and elsewhere, this article explores women's networks of resistance against violence. These include public and legal acknowledgement of domestic violence; the transmission of life-affirming values; pastoral support in the denouncement of violence; and the development of open and fluid household structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the examination of 234 specimens of the Brazilian flathead, Percophis brasiliensis (Percophidae), caught in the Argentinean and Uruguayan Seas, the list of digenean species parasitizing P. brasiliensis is increased from 6 to 9, including the specific identification of two species previously reported at the generic level. The three news digenean records for P. brasiliensis are: Elytrophalloides oatesi, Parahemiurus merus and Aponurus laguncula, while that Ectenurus virgulus and Lecithocladium cristatum were identified to specific level. These reports showed the highest diversity of digeneans registered in fishes from the study region. The diversity of the digenean fauna of P. brasiliensis could be a consequence of the generalist food habits of this fish. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pejerrey Odontesthes bonariensis (Valenciennes, 1835) is an inland water fish from the Pampas region comprising part of Argentina, Uruguay and the South of Brazil. Pejerrey is a very popular fish in this region and has a long history of domestic and international introductions, which attests to the high quality and market value of its flesh, as well as its attractiveness as a game fish. The desirable characteristics of pejerrey also make it a good candidate for aquaculture, and the first trials on pejerrey cultivation (atheriniculture) were started more than a century ago in Argentina. In spite of the considerable interest in its development, little progress has been made and atheriniculture is still restricted to propagation and stocking for sport fishing purposes. In this review, we summarize the history of atheriniculture and the biological, technological, scientific, cultural and infrastructural constraints to pejerrey aquaculture development thus far. We also suggest possible scenarios of pejerrey aquaculture development compatible with the socio–economic conditions of South American countries. Our projections also take into consideration recent scientific findings on the biology of pejerrey and technological advances in seafood processing, storage and transportation, as well as the latest trends of seafood consumption and international markets. The best production strategy remains to be determined by trial and error but it is likely that, initially, production should focus on a differentiated, high-quality fish for the premium or international markets rather than attempting to compete with the cheap fish from natural sources. An international cooperation project with Japan has successfully demonstrated the feasibility of breeding pejerrey in captivity and mass producing seeds efficiently in Argentina, and has provided the foundation for the development of intensive and extensive farming of this species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Studies on Neotropical Fauna & Environment is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Rio de La Plata craton in Argentina (Azul and Tandil regions) is characterized by Early Proterozoic (2·0 Ga) calc-alkaline and Middle Proterozoic (1·6 Ga) tholeiitic dyke swarms intruding the crystalline basement involved in the Transamazonian Orogeny (2·2–1·9 Ga). The calc-alkaline dykes have andesitic and rhyolitic compositions and trend east–west, whereas the tholeiitic dykes mainly trend N30°W and are represented by basalts with low (0·9–1·7 wt %) and high TiO2 (up to 3·7 wt %). The calc-alkaline dykes have primitive mantle (PM)-normalized trace element patterns enriched in Rb, Ba, K, La, Ce and Nd, and significant negative Nb and Ti anomalies. These dykes are characterized by εt(Nd) values of −3 to −4, similar to those of the EMI mantle component. Low-TiO2 tholeiitic dykes have low incompatible-element (IE) contents and PM-IE patterns with slightly positive or negative Nb spikes. They have variable εt(Nd) values (−0·5 to 12·1), which mainly reflect derivation from a depleted source mantle. High-TiO2 tholeiitic dykes have more enriched IE-PM patterns and are characterized by εt(Nd) values (−1·4 to −7·5) typical of an enriched source mantle. Chemical and isotopic data and melting modelling indicate that both calc-alkaline and tholeiitic dykes originated by different melting degrees of a heterogeneous source mantle, the variable IE enrichment of which may have occurred in Late Archaean to Early Proterozoic times. The emplacement of the calc-alkaline dykes is associated with the transtensional stage of the Transamazonian Orogeny, whereas the tholeiitic dykes reflect extensional tectonics succeeding the Transamazonian event. The calc-alkaline and tholeiitic dykes are similar in emplacement age and characteristics to metamorphosed granites and volcanic rocks outcropping within the Namaqua fold belts of southwestern Africa (Richtersveld and Witberg–Aggeneys–Gamsberg provinces); this may indicate that the Rio de La Plata craton and southwestern Africa were contiguous in Early–Middle Proterozoic times. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]