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The purpose of the article is to analyse the main technologies of production of the tracing paper, to determine their characteristics and their influence on the state of preservation and methods of restoration. To describe the practical experience of restoration on the example of two projects executed on the tracing paper by architect P. Alyoshyn (projects). Methodology: analyse the art, methods of systematization, comparison, and generalization to determine the optimal methods of restoration and conservation measures for the preservation of heritage on the tracing paper. The scientific novelty consists in the introduction into scientific circulation of a comprehensive study of the main features and the implementation of restoration and conservation measures to preserve the works of architectural graphics on the tracing paper. Conclusions. The analysis of factors that should be considered when carrying out conservation and restoration measures for the preservation of collections made on tracing paper allow us to apply the experience gained in practice of preservation of monuments. It is established that the types and methods of making tracing paper affect the state of preservation and selection of methods for restoration and conservation processes. The successful practical experience of restoration of two works by architect P. Alyoshyn executed on tracing paper - "Concert hall" and "Facade of the Zemsky house" is described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Arte, Individuo y Sociedad is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Twenty-four capitals of Nazi-occupied countries suffered grievously under the jackboot heel of the Third Reich. Herzog exemplifies the best the Third Reich might have amounted to save for Hitler's depraved and delusional influence (which Herzog despises). At the same time Manet's many factories produce armaments for the Third Reich, and he has a delighted Lucien design new showcase factories. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses a method for appraising research paper quality eligible for evidence-based design (EBD). It mentions its aims in shifting research findings into the practice of design for architects. It also notes an algorithm and its role in guiding designers in evaluating the degree of evidence.

Focuses on the preservation and conservation of architects' papers in Scotland. Cataloguing of materials; Use and promotion of archive collections; Architectural heritage.

Focuses on the collections of the Scottish Architects' Papers Preservation Project. Buchanan Campbell; Carr and Matthew; J. and J.A. Carrick; Dick Peddie and McKay.

Attrition intentions continue to impact workers within the architectural profession, despite a significant dedication of time and effort towards higher education, skill development and professional licensure. Moreover, it is a significant disruptor to sustainable business planning. This paper investigates factors impacting career wellbeing and longevity, registration status and attrition intentions across a group of architecture graduates to provide preliminary findings into the exit destinations of those having left or intending to leave the profession. Using a conceptual framework established through the literature, qualitative and quantitative data were collected through an investigative online survey across 32 architects and architecture graduates from [Name withheld] University's architecture program in Australia. Results reaffirm that no singular factor is responsible for attrition, although several themes are specific to architecture, as follows: salary versus expected hours worked, architectural registration difficulties and a discontent or lack of wellbeing within the role or work environment. The data suggest that common exit destinations for architecture graduates include roles similarly aligned within the built environment, such as landscape architecture, construction, real estate and urban planning. This paper contributes to a gap in understanding where exactly architecture graduates and professionals go when they leave and the motivating or demotivating factors that drive such alternative pursuits. It underscores the importance and value of addressing the wellbeing and career longevity of a skilled and valuable workforce in order to address and combat high attrition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to revisit the potential of the New Deal as a research context in management and organization studies and, in doing so, forward the role one of its chief architects, Harry Hopkins, played in managing the economic crisis. The exploration takes us to multiple layers that work together to form context around Hopkins including the Great Depression, the Roosevelt Administration, and ultimately, the New Deal. By raising Harry Hopkins as an exemplar of historical-narrative exclusion, the authors can advance the understanding of his role in the New Deal and how his actions produced early insights about management (e.g. modern crisis management). Design/methodology/approach: The paper experiments with the methodological assemblage of ANTi-History and microhistorical analysis that the authors call "ANTi-Microhistory" to examine the life narrative of Harry Hopkins, his early association with President Franklin D. Roosevelt and later, the New Deal. To accomplish this, the authors undertake a programme of archival research (e.g. the digital repository of The Franklin D. Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum) and assess various materials (e.g. speeches, biographies and memoirs) from across multiple spaces. Findings: The findings suggest Harry Hopkins to be a much more powerful actor in mobilizing New Deal policies and their effect on early management thought than what was previously accepted. In the process, the authors found that because of durable associations with Roosevelt, key policy architects of the same ilk as Harry Hopkins (e.g. Frances Perkins, Henry Wallace, Lewis Douglas, and others) and their contributions have been marginalized. This finding illustrates the significant potential of little-known historical figures and how they might shed new insight on the development of the field and management practice. Originality/value: The aim is to demonstrate the potential of engaging historical research in management with the individual – Harry Hopkins – as a unit of analysis. By engaging historical research on the individual – be it well-known or obscure figures of the past – the authors are considering how they contribute to the understanding of phenomena (e.g. New Deal, Progressivism or Keynesian economics). The authors build on research that brings to focus forgotten people, communities and ideas in management studies but go further in advocating for space in the research to consider the scholarly potential of the individual. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a conference paper about "Next Generation" libraries. It cites changes that impacted library design such as developments in active collaborative and discursive learning and the transformation brought about by information technology. It discusses the Workshop Process utilized by the Iahznummo architects in building consensus for innovation in library design that involves all stakeholders, citing processes involved in libraries in Australia.

The future is the first fundamental projection for architecture. Architecture has a duration in time, which often goes beyond the very life of its designer, so it is in itself a time machine, which must inexorably come to terms with projections of the future. Through a review of utopias in the field of architectural design over the last few centuries, this paper intends to explore utopian aspirations for the future spatial ideal of architectural education and the dialectic of its need to be 'realized'. The findings indicate that the futurescapes of architectural education requires cross-fertilization through interdisciplinarity, which emerges from the bottom up, generating contributing scenarios from the community; the adaptability of scenarios that are dynamic and in turn can generate variables in constant transformation; the temporal stratigraphy of the built environment, involving the coexistence of artifacts from different eras within the same space, and the need for reconciliation and sustainability; as well as the need for interdisciplinarity and "out of the box" thinking that contributes to a greater awareness of non-traditional approaches. From the perspective of design education, the futurescapes, through experimentation in literature research and educational practice, it is evident that in the educational practice of fostering the next generation of architects and designers, they need to be capable of more than assessing issues from the perspective of design and community, not only to face current challenges but also to design the future they desire for themselves and the communities in which people live. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we piece together threads of communicative processes between residents, architects, and other parties, as found in the lists and letters of the archive of the Byker Redevelopment in Newcastle Upon Tyne (1968-83). Documents that are usually discarded or neglected by architectural researchers - from a stack of various papers documenting residents' lists of complaints, evaluative papers such as an audit report, and architects' memos, to a resident's letter of complaint - enable us to reconstruct, first, how a mainstream practice collected and filed residents' experiences and understanding of their homes, and second, how, through the circulation of those papers in action as files, residents' notes were also embedded in the design process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to discuss the radical shift which emerges in the 1990s and enhances architecture in the 2000s by turning it into a less sculptural more intellectual field of design. Hence, architects rather focus on ground than figure in design projects. This leads them to interrogate the conventional relationships between figure and ground enabling figure to dominate the ground in architecture for decades. They discover the mutual relationships between figure and ground, and design grounded structures instead of ungrounded sculptures. These artificial structures seem like the extensions of the natural landscape, as such the conceptual and categorical distinction between artificial and natural blurs in architecture. Another conceptual blurring emerges between the concepts of landscape, ground, and field. These are generally used as interchangeable concepts, but landscape encompasses ground and field, making it a more comprehensive concept for architects. It is revealed in the paper that landscape is a reemerging concept which refers to the conceptual shift from form and function to flow and force in architecture. Landscape, therefore, awaits to be explored as a field of flows and forces by even more architects in this century in which cities are characterized by sculptural forms and objects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper traces the continuities between the post-war Polish husband-and-wife architect duo of Oskar and Zofia Hansen, and their predecessors from the interwar avant-garde, the husband-and-wife artist duo of painter Władysław Strzemiński and sculptor Katarzyna Kobro. It argues that the Hansens’ Open Form (1958) approach extended the essentialism of Strzemiński and Kobro’s theory of Unism (1924) to advance a modern architecture. This paper analyzes the design for a memorial at Auschwitz-Birkenau that the Hansens worked on as part of a team for an international competition, called the Road (1958), as the crystallization of Unism’s influence on the theory of the Open Form. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main aim of the following paper is to unpack the construction processes behind global architecture that have remained conceptually under-theorized and empirically unexplored. This is achieved by shifting the focus away from the brand-name global architects to the invisible, less prominent project architects employed in their celebrity offices. Based on the analysis of qualitative interviews, the paper conceptualizes project architects as key intermediaries and systematizes their embodied practices of intermediation enacted between design and execution. Project architects are revealed as key actors who negotiate between design ideas and the local contingencies, bridging between different sites of materialization. By introducing the conceptual lens of practices of intermediation, the paper explores how architecture takes its physical form, elucidating the micro-geographies behind construction processes. The construction of global architecture is hereby conceptualized as a 'building event', as a situated 'performance', during which professionals can transgress cognitive boundaries between design knowledge and execution expertise, and formal boundaries, defined by contracts, regulatory framework, and organizational hierarchies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work aims to study the trajectory of the architect Frei Otto (FO) using an exploratory analysis of his projects, which pays special attention to the conceptual and chronological temporal evolution, the type of structures designed, and the relationship with his partners for his built and unbuilt projects. In the latter case, the projects developed, not requested, that are not part of his built works have been approached (i.e., not considered under competition). The main results indicate that FO's architectural trajectory, from a chronological point of view, was intense, which is generally reflected throughout the years. The 1950s–1970s were very productive. In addition to the large number of projects, there were innovative designs for quantity and structural innovation in Germany and other countries (e.g., France and Saudi Arabia). The analyses that were carried out made it possible to ascertain FO's professional and academic influence, which has been reflected in his projects. Likewise, his relationships with his collaborators have been long-lasting in some cases. Practical Applications: This work aimed to study the work of the architect and engineer Frei Otto (FO), of recognized prestige by the awards received and his colleagues. Some mention the scarce diffusion of his work. The interest of this work lies mainly in making known to professionals, academics, and the general public, in a short format, such as that used in scientific papers, the design of his structures, built and unbuilt. As Félix Candela mentions about FO's career, he is a typical and outstanding example of architectural innovation who concentrated his vocation and efforts on the study and research of tensile structures. His international projection and toward the citizen, give Frei Otto academic interest. This work is developed from different perspectives, which include chronological, type of structure, the location and function of the project, and the collaborators he worked with, with whom he shared his innovation and construction activities. Attention has been paid to a collection of unpublished or little-known projects by FO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Evaluating the architect's role in construction contracts is vital for improving the contractual relationship and preventing disputes. Standard contracts define the architect as an owner's agent and/or a contract administrator. Studies often use qualitative and subjective evaluations to analyze the architect's role. However, there is a lack of quantitative measures that objectively evaluate the architect's capacities in construction contracts. This paper fills this knowledge gap. This study proposes a quantitative graph theory-based approach to analyze the architect's roles under three standard forms of construction contracts in the US: (1) extracting and classifying party interactions; (2) modeling the interactions using network analysis; (3) conducting an expert-based survey to determine the importance of the interactions; and (4) developing the architect's-capacity score (ACS) as an index that depicts the architect's roles into one interpretable measure. The calculated ACS established the American Institute of Architects (AIA) at the upper end of the spectrum followed by the Engineers Joint Contract Documents Committee contract and then finally the ConsensusDocs with the lowest score. Such delineates the architect's presence under the AIA contract as both an owner's agent as well as a contract's administrator. The EJCDC contract processes reflected the architect's role to be more of an owner's agent. Finally, the ConsensusDocs represented the lowest score due to the lack of the architect's presence in most contract processes. This study contributes to the body of knowledge by providing a methodological approach that mediates the subjectivity entailed in the evaluation of the architect's role: one quantifiable measure. Similarly, Utilizing ACS enables project parties to customize the architect's involvement in the construction phase through tailored contractual arrangements. This quantification of the architect's role promotes a clearer understanding of the architect's expectations, fostering enhanced communication and trust. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of bāb Journal of FSMVU Faculty of Architecture & Design is the property of bab Journal of FSMVU Architecture & Design and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Maximizing spatial utilization within tall buildings stands as a paramount planning consideration for ensuring project feasibility, particularly accentuated ins the context of hotel constructions. To date, no comprehensive study has addressed this issue while considering crucial architectural and structural planning factors. This article fills this gap by using a case study method based on data from 31 contemporary tall hotel towers. The findings revealed several key points: (i) central core typology was mostly utilized; (ii) prismatic buildings were the most prevalent forms; (iii) shear-walled frame systems were predominantly employed; (iv) concrete was the preferred choice for hotel construction; (v) the average space efficiency and the ratio of core area to gross floor area (GFA) averaged 81.2% and 16%, respectively; (vi) the range changed from a minimum of 70% to 4% to a maximum of 94% to 28%; and (vii) space efficiency showed an inverse relationship with the height of the building. It is anticipated that this paper will assist architects and structural engineers as well as builders involved in the planning of hotel developments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on the investigation and understanding of the industrial heritage designed and built in the Campania region, between Naples and Caserta, by the most important Italian architects and engineers in the post-war season. The principal aim of this paper is to present the rich and heterogeneous catalogue of factories designed in these years through unpublished drawings and photos from the building sites. These examples show a notion of modularity that brings interesting innovations in terms of on-site prefabrication of modular components and construction systems. The construction of these factories is therefore in contrast with Italy's traditional building techniques based on craft approach and intense use of labour. The project of these factories is the outcome of the effort of famous architects and engineers, such as Lugi Figini e Gino Pollini, Angelo Mangiarotti, Marco Zanuso, Eduardo Vittoria, and Gigi Ghò, who experimented new structural solutions based on the orderly and coherent composition of prefabricated elements. This research stems from the revitalised interest in studies of prefabrication in Italy between the 50's and the 70's of the last century, and is focused on the innovative aesthetics outcomes developed from it. In addition, this paper contributes to evaluate the qualitative connections between construction, geography and labour, assessing the friction between the advanced products and knowledge imported from the North and the agricultural vocation of these regions. The paper will also put in relation the development of prefabrication systems in the less-developed South of Italy in the wider context of the great industrialization boosted by political decisions and the government financial help of the "Cassa del Mezzogiorno". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To enable off-site construction (OSC), architects must finalize construction details in their design deliverables as early as possible, particularly in a building information modeling (BIM) environment, to enhance design constructability and project efficiency. However, most architects lack construction knowledge and practical experience, which impedes their ability to incorporate design-specific construction input (i.e., manufacturing, logistics, assembly, and installation demands) into BIM processes at the early stages. This deficiency can lead to errors, rework, and ultimately increased construction costs. To address this challenge, this study introduces an innovative approach to incorporate constructability knowledge into architectural design processes for BIM-enabled OSC projects. The methodology involved retrospective case studies of two completed OSC projects utilizing a component-centric analysis framework. This analysis resulted in an ontology of construction-specific design features that identified 11 types of constructability issues and the characterization of nine design feature classes that were categorized into three groups: substance; intersection; and composition. These feature classes and their 29 attributes were rigorously characterized from the perspective of BIM-enabled architectural design. This feature-based approach not only extends the BIM vocabulary and semantics from an architectural standpoint but also encapsulates construction knowledge as an integral input to architectural design. Additionally, three strategies were identified, analyzed, and summarized to inform these design features and attributes and to evaluate their effectiveness of addressing constructability issues. The study's ontological approach assists architects in acquiring a comprehensive understanding of design-specific construction knowledge, enabling them to differentiate, locate, and integrate critical types of constructability information into BIM-enabled architectural design deliverables early in the project delivery process. This paper is a foundational step in the development of automated modeling, algorithms, and constructability assessment for BIM-enabled architectural design deliverables, aimed at achieving a more streamlined construction process. Practical Applications: The study presents several practical implications for the OSC industry, aimed at bridging the gap between architectural design and actual construction through BIM-enabled architectural design. First, the proposed construction-specific ontology of design features can assist architects in identifying and incorporating essential constructability information into BIM. Second, these design features and their attributes cover a broad spectrum of construction-specific design information, going beyond geometric details to include the semantics associated with constructability constraints and design considerations while exploring alternative design strategies and tools. Third, these design features and attributes act as a structured "construction information checklist," which systematically guides architects in the early design stages to ensure comprehensive inclusion of all necessary construction-specific design information. Essentially, this checklist offers architects a preliminary method for incorporating constructability knowledge within a BIM environment at the initial phases of the architectural design process for OSC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Graduate architect plays an important role in contract implementation management when handling building construction projects. Graduate architects had been authorized to manage the projects in construction industry due to limited architects in the country. The capability of graduate architect when manage project is critical in reducing performance barriers encountered. The aim of this paper is to identify critical factors that affect graduate architect's performance during project implementation. Design/methodology/approach: An explorative study was undertaken to provide an insight into actual experiences of graduate architects in contract implementation management. The data were collected through face-to-face semi-structured interviews providing case studies on contract implementation management on housing projects in Malaysia and observation of the actual on-going projects. Findings: The five most crucial factors affected graduate architects' performance related to lack of training in project documentation, failed to obtain professional and peer support in quality and assessment, isolate in role during project coordination, lack of education support in design process and unaware of legal aspects which delayed response to contractor. Research limitations/implications: This research focuses only on seven housing projects and semi-structured interviews with twenty graduate architects who in charge of those projects. As such, the resulting factors that affect graduate architect's performance are limited and are constrained only to the construction industry in Malaysia. Practical implications: This research examined the factors affecting graduate architect's performance which is a timely study, as the increasing number of population and developments will provide ample opportunities for them to perform. Originality/value: The outcome of the study is expected to facilitate graduate architects to devise proactive risk mitigation measures to reduce impact of these factors and improve project delivery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Choice architecture describes the environment in which choices are presented to decision-makers. In recent years, public and private actors have looked at choice architecture with great interest as they seek to influence human behaviour. These actors are typically called choice architects. Increasingly, however, this role of architecting choice is not performed by a human choice architect, but an algorithm or artificial intelligence, powered by a stream of Big Data and infused with an objective it has been programmed to maximise. We call this entity the autonomous choice architect. In this paper, we present an account of why artificial intelligence can fulfil the role of a choice architect and why this creates problems of transparency, responsibility and accountability for nudges. We argue that choice architects, be them autonomous computational systems or human-beings, at a most basic level select, from a range of designs, the design which is most likely to maximise a pre-determined objective. We then proceed to argue that, given the growing demand for targeted, personalised choice architecture and for faster, dynamic reconfigurations of choice architecture, as well as the ever-expanding pool of data from which feedback can be drawn, the role of the human choice architect is increasingly obscured behind algorithmic, artificially intelligent systems. We provide a discussion of the implications of autonomous choice architects, focusing on the importance of the humans who programme these systems, ultimately arguing that despite technological advances, the responsibility of choice architecture and influence remains firmly one human beings must bear. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the processes of naming streets in four Swedish post-asylum landscapes and, consequently, the processes of constructing heritage. The paper shows that the memorialisation of (1) hospital buildings, staff members and architects; (2) the hospitals surrounding nature and park landscape; and (3) historical periods predating the hospital and the time of deinstitutionalisation are central ways in which heritage is constructed. The paper further explores how different discourses materialise in the name-giving processes. The examples are further discussed in relation to arguments made by scholars about how the past of the post-asylum landscape is remembered. In doing so, assumptions about what the heritage of post-asylum landscapes consists of are critically discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To positively strengthen the relationship between the physical character of a palliative environment (PE) and the service users who reside, visit or work in it, the architectural design process should adopt a human-centred approach. Implementing this approach would imply 'looking through the eyes of service users'. Since practical and ethical factors seem to prevent architects from engaging directly with service users in PEs, this paper studies the appearance of architectural-rich service users' experiences within PEs in the existing literature. In addition, we wonder why research knowledge in this field seem to remain confined to academic discourse and how academia can increase the transfer of 'designerly' know-how to support the architectural design process of human-centred PEs. In doing so, we propose the designerly scoping review, a methodology that customizes a scoping review in a more relevant and friendly way to architects. This review resulted in thirteen spatial aspects, divided over four atmospheres and linked to actual service users' experiences with(in) PEs. While the review showed that theoretical knowledge is available in this particular field, the 'architectural richness' is often lacking in current literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Architectural Journal / Jian Zhu Xue Bao is the property of Architectural Journal Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Internet of Things (IoT) is expanding and taking over more and more aspects of our lives. Connecting the environment and people to the Internet means that security threats in this environment are also transferred to them. Ensuring a sufficiently high level of security in IoT infrastructures is difficult due to the limited resources and heterogeneity of this environment. In this paper I have addressed some of the basic security services like authentication and authorization, in an attempt to identify those features that are essential for deployment in IoT infrastructures. Thus, I have classified authentication methods according to the credentials, highlighting those that are suitable to be used by IoT devices. I have analyzed the existing authorization methods and identified the coverage of some properties that need to be fulfilled for widespread use in IoT environments. Finally, I identified types of identity management systems according to the degree of centralization and the technologies used. Such a comprehensive analysis of existing access and identity management solutions with real-world applicability in IoT environments highlights the advantages and disadvantages of each solution and is a real support for security architects designing IoT networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Architecture criticism of Soviet Lithuania has not been properly addressed in scientific research. The novelty of the work relates to the branch of architecture criticism as part of the history of arts, particularly in the context of the historiography of 20th-century modern architecture. This paper is to uncover the various forms of architectural criticism and its agents among the vocational and scientific publications aimed at other architects of the Lithuanian SSR. Using a systematic approach and qualitative research methods, a database of 100 critical articles is constructed. The phenomena of architecture criticism are explored using the theoretical framework of W. Attoe from his book "Architecture and Critical Imagination" (1978). The results of the research brought several understandings. Despite the common belief among professionals that architects should be predominantly the creators of architecture criticism, architects by profession make up only half or less of the total number of texts in the specialized press. The dominating types of architectural criticism are normative and descriptive (excluding the texts that would describe the context of an architectural idea or particular building). There are very few examples of interpretative criticism encountered (except in the thematic group of criticism around interior design). Further discussion of prevalent thematic groups led to the conclusion that architectural criticism in Soviet Lithuania alongside the official "politically allowed criticism" has been using disguised forms of texts. There has been an underlying narrative to promote modernist or simply, new architecture principles using photography with little to no text, indirect speech, and other forms of non-explicit communication. One of the wider goals of this paper is to initiate wider research into the subject of architectural criticism of Soviet Lithuania and also validate the existence of the neglected phenomena using the specific material of professional and academic architectural publications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper discusses the importance of the Professional Profile Map (PPM) in the context of architecture and civil engineering education. It acknowledges the dynamic nature of these fields due to technological advancements and evolving industry practices, emphasizing the need for professionals who possess practical skills in addition to academic knowledge. The PPM is introduced as a valuable tool that acts as a bridge between academia and industry by defining the essential knowledge, skills, and competencies (KSC) required for success in these professions. Furthermore, the paper discusses the role of the PPM in Erasmus+ projects, highlighting its ability to facilitate customization and adaptability in education. It encourages interdisciplinary collaboration, practical experience, and employability enhancement, aligning with the goals of Erasmus+ projects. A case study from the TAB4BUILDING project illustrates how the PPM was used to identify KSC related to the use of Fibre Reinforced Polymers (FRP) in construction. The PPM's role in harmonizing educational programs across different countries and promoting international collaboration is emphasized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Systems Engineering and, in the recent decade, Model‐based Systems Engineering have been widely adopted in the realisation of numerous complex products. The intrinsic multi‐level and multidisciplinary nature of a complex system poses major challenges during the design stage particularly in the communication between stakeholders of the system who often speak different languages and assume different perspectives, for instance, product owners, architects, engineers and domain experts. An integral collaboration environment between domains and across levels is thus key to achieving efficient and high quality designs. This paper presents a holistic, inclusive and interactive design approach to integrate the communication between stakeholders in the design of complex and multidisciplinary systems. Holistic thinking is a fundamental practice in Systems Engineering that ensures the alignment of domain objectives with overall system objectives as the product matures. However, effective deployment of this approach is often hindered by the communication gap between system stakeholders. In this paper, we propose a simplified Systems Engineering framework as the basis to model the system using Object Process Methodology (Dori, 2002). The use of various interactive exploration methods and data visualisation techniques can facilitate an efficient collaborative design that promotes holistic thinking. The proposed approach targets the conceptual design phase, and incorporates valuable design insights that are usually only revealed in the later stages of design as the system is relatively more mature. This allows for the iteration cycle times during the conceptual design phase to be significantly shortened, well‐informed design decisions to be made resulting in a more accurate direction of resources to perform detailed engineering analyses and subsequent design optimisations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]