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This paper is a study of the LIS journals published by Emerald group of publications which originated online in the 21st century upto the year 2015. Five such journals include Journal of Enterprise Information Management (JEIM), Journal of Intellectual Capital(JIC), Online Information Review (OIR), Performance Measurement and Metrics (PMM) and Journal of Information, Communication and Ethics in Society (JICES). Highest publication is by OIR and 2009 produced most articles followed by 2008. Research paper tops the list in all the five journals. Single authored papers are predominant followed by two authored papers. Authors from UK contribute maximum numbers of papers and most papers have been contributed from Brunel University, UK followed by University of Hawaii, USA. Authors repeat contributions to the same journal. No author among the top-ranking authors is found to be writing for any other journal among the five journals except Bar-Ilan J. In 2005 most citations are received in the three journals except OIR and JICES where articles published in 2009 received most citations. A six-authored paper in JEIM received most citations followed by a single authored paper in the JIC. The average article length mostly ranges from 16-20 pages in all the three journals except PMM and JICES where it ranges from 11-15 pages. 59 unique keywords appear in the journals and eight keywords are repetitive. Contributions by Indians are negligible. The journals are found to have varied aims and scope and accept articles of varied interest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The library profession is in a period of change. Moving from conventional library practices and services to the modern technology and tools based sources and services, created changes in the roles they play. To provide more and more innovative services and to cope with the changing scenario of the library and its services has forced library professionals to equip themselves with better skills for their survival. This paper discussed three requisite skills, for librarian to function in the 21st century, in marketing of library services and resources for optimal utilization. And these are categorized as Professional, Technical, & Personal skills. The paper discusses marketing library services and resources as a concept, benefits of marketing, such as boosting the level of Library's patronage by users, promotion of resources; user awareness, improving the library's reputation were mentioned. Strategies for marketing which include making a library website, emailing users, setting up exhibits and displays of new arrivals, using flyers and posters, planning user education, offering electronic access to information, and planning library week were also explained. Challenges in marketing library services and resources in academic libraries in Nigeria include; lack of fund, Ineffective marketing strategies, lack of marketing policies, shortage of experienced staffing, and infrastructure limitations. Starting with an introduction to library marketing and related literature, the paper draws its conclusion and recommendations were made such as professional development for librarians involved in library marketing, librarians upgrading their technical skills, librarians should enhance their ability to trouble shoot new technology, keep abreast with new technology among others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Perífrasis. Revista de Literatura, Teoría y Crítica is the property of Universidad de los Andes and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

21st century era has strong competition in the world industry. Competition can be overcome by having self-ability. Soft skills are the main key in the world of industry that can be developed from an early age in school. Soft skills will help someone in pursuing a career in the future. Thus, this paper aims to analyze the knowledge of employee soft skills needed in the 21st century era to achieve personal branding. The data were taken through a literature review using several journals. By applying a strictly reproducible process, the method used was library research with analyzing peer-reviewed journal articles on soft skills needed in 21st century. This paper utilized scientific journals that focused on soft skills employee in 21st century keyword and personal branding for career keyword. The finding showed the core of employee skills were communication skill, critical thinking skill, and problem-solving skill. These core soft skills would lead to another soft skill, like creativity skill, negotiation, and decisionmaking skill. They could be formed and practiced by schools' learning through group discussion, debate, writing report, and presentation. Thus, through the implementation of core soft skills, personal branding would follow automatically as selfcharacteristic. This research made a significant contribution by providing an updated and convincing summary that could be built and applied in individuals. Thus, it has potential for future research or practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Recial is the property of Universidad Nacional de Cordoba, Centro de Investigaciones, Facultad de Filosofia y Humanidades and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Language & Literary Studies / Folia Linguistica & Litteraria is the property of Journal of Language & Literary Studies / Folia Linguistica & Litteraria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Data & Metadata is the property of Fundacion Salud, Ciencia y Tecnologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bulletin of the Institute of Ethnography of the Serbian Academy of Sciences & Arts / Glasnik Etnografskog Instituta SANU is the property of Institute of Ethnography, SASA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Literacy and library are like Siamese twins that cannot be separated. Society draw literacy skills from the libraries the same way an individual draws from his memory to meet his immediate information needs. Examined in this paper is the relevance of literacy library to the functional literacy need of the 21st Century adult learners. Literacy library is conceptualised as a special library provision targeted at adult members of the society who have enrolled or willing to enrol in a learning programme. Key features of Literacy library are outlined, followed by brief description of specific materials relevant to the 21st century learning engagement of adult. Few studies on public library have focused on addressing problems facing adult learners in accessing library services. This paper recognised the fundamental role Literacy libraries can play in confronting the exclusion of adult learners in library provision and also provided useful insights to the peculiar nature of their literacy needs in their given context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to extend the scope of cultural criminological research through an investigation of gender representation in 21st Century Bollywood films focusing on portrayals of Sexually Transgressive Behaviour (STB). A sample of nine films released between 2000 and 2016 was analysed against a set criterion that includes: off-screen gender demographics, three tests to analyse the scope of the female character, incidents of Sexually Transgressive Behaviour (STB) and the male gaze. The results demonstrate that Bollywood continues to be a male-dominated industry and that female narratives are largely neglected. The majority of films analysed (six films) demonstrate a blatant objectification of women and seven of these demonstrated clear manifestations of STB. Only two of the nine films pass the Bechdel-Wallace test (a test which indicates the number of female characters, their interactions, and nature thereof), only three films show an independent female character arc and five films have replaceable female characters. This paper concludes that Bollywood films show the potential of being criminogenic (tending to produce crime) and the overall results are indicative that there is ample scope for further academic studies of Bollywood through a cultural criminological lens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The maritime sector plays a crucial role in global trade and economics. The competitive and rapidly growing sector requires a highly trained workforce with specific skills, especially for the twenty-first-century revolutions. Since, industry 4.0 entails the modernisation of work, which is likely to impact individuals' required skills, especially for seafarers in the foreseeable future. Furthermore, discussions on future maritime operations competencies frequently emphasize technology as a prerequisite for seafarers' ability to adapt to change. The paper seeks to explore seafarers' required skills, especially for the twenty-first century, using the modified Delphi method and Best Worst Method (BWM), which is a multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) technique. Ten skills have been identified from the derived outcomes, divided into two segments: hard skills and soft skills. Technical and theoretical knowledge has been identified as the most influential hard skill, and communication skill as the most critical soft skill. The study will benefit seafarers and organisations related to training and hiring seafarers for making their decisions on the training and hiring process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Security Strategies Journal / Güvenlik Stratejileri Dergisi is the property of Strategic Research Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This Paper seeks to review the articles published in the Journal of Intellectual Property Rights (JIPR) in the first half of the first decade of the twenty-first century from Volume 5 (1) (2000) to Volume 9 (6) (2004). During this period, a total of seven post-independent IP legislations were enacted in the country. This Paper reviews the articles published in JIPR yearwise. Paper attempts to identify: (i) total number of issues published; (ii) total number of articles published; (iii) total number of contributions made by the Indian and foreign scholars; (iv) total number of sole and joint publications; (v) publishing style of JIPR; and (vi) area of IP covered in each volume. Dissemination of information is a necessary condition for creation of new knowledge. JIPR through an open-access platform has provided an opportunity to the IP scholars to publish their writings addressing the gaps in the areas of IP. In the end, Paper develops an argument that JIPR has significantly contributed in the development of IP by disseminating IP information and knowledge and also in creating IP knowledge and awareness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of CECIL Cahiers d'etudes des cultures ibériques et latino-américaines is the property of Revue Cahiers d'etudes des cultures iberiques et latino-americaines (CECIL) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of CECIL Cahiers d'etudes des cultures ibériques et latino-américaines is the property of Revue Cahiers d'etudes des cultures iberiques et latino-americaines (CECIL) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of CECIL Cahiers d'etudes des cultures ibériques et latino-américaines is the property of Revue Cahiers d'etudes des cultures iberiques et latino-americaines (CECIL) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of CECIL Cahiers d'etudes des cultures ibériques et latino-américaines is the property of Revue Cahiers d'etudes des cultures iberiques et latino-americaines (CECIL) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Highlighted even in the Bible within the famous episode of liberation of Israelites from Pharaoh's slavery under the leadership of prophet Moses, intelligence as an action of collecting information about enemy for the purpose of creating an advantage for own side or as a way of fortifying own security has constituted a realm of ideas from immemorial time. Many scholars illustrated different examples and gave different reasons for researching the paradigm of intelligence yet the aspect less emphasized was the importance of connecting and discussing intelligence in relation with the effectiveness of diplomatic and military undertakings correlated to specific strategic cultural and geopolitical contexts. This paper discusses the importance of reshaping intelligence in accordance with the 21st century security challenges and indicates that intelligence should suffer profound transformations for the purpose of backing the settings of nations' foreign policies according to their desired geo-strategic status. Overall, intelligence might be nowadays the silver bullet reaching the minds of soldiers, society and policymakers for a secured world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current flow of human beings escaping their countries' turmoil is not a temporary surge or a passing crisis. Mass migration, accompanied by sudden surges of people, will be a permanent challenge to 21st century states and world order. Recent surges of refugee and asylum claimants are testing the capacity of states and eroding traditions of welcome in receiving countries for refugee and migrants alike. At the same time, the intersection of forced migration, human rights, and conflict presents a unique challenge for world foreign policy in this 21st century. These three factors are already beginning to combine in ways that undermine traditional understandings of national security and offer ample reason to revisit traditional divisions of labour between diplomacy, defence, economic social development policy around the world. Accordingly, this paper has three objectives. Firstly, this paper provides a brief overview of refugee issues in the 21st century with major issue of forced migration, human rights, and conflict and its implications. Secondly, this paper highlights emergent issues and challenge faced by the countries around the world regarding refugees and humanity. Thirdly, this paper discusses the challenge of world diplomacy when it comes to the issue of refugee and humanity. Finally, the paper will highlights the ways in which world foreign policy must adapt to meet the challenges they facing today regarding this issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper shows an overview of the achievements of historiography regarding education in the Republic of Croatia in the 21st century. The paper represents an attempt of bringing all results achieved by Croatian historiography regarding the forementioned question. Due to the number of different kinds of publications, only the basic information are represented in the paper, i.e. information about authors, publication year, publishers, journals (for articles), number of pages i bibliography of the publication. Therefore, this paper is not about content analysis of the publications, so it does not pretend to be an analysis of the Croatian historiography achievements regarding the forementioned question in the specified period. The main aim of this paper was to present all publications regarding the question at one place. The author reserves a possibility that some publications, unintentionally, may have been omitted from this overview. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to assist lecturers, universities, and their administrators in improving the relevance of political science undergraduate degree programs in the context of globalization and the Fourth Industrial Revolution era. This paper will reflect on how to tailor the political science degree to achieve a sustainable career and improve students' employability in the future. The latest theoretical frameworks incorporating the concept of "sustainable" career development were used in advancing the model of employability in the political science field. The author relies on a qualitative approach and the literature review with implications for practice in advancing the notion that competency-based approaches with the development of specific skills are vital in ensuring relevance and sustaining career opportunities for modern political science students in the future. Educators should rethink how they deliver political science degrees, keeping in mind the emerging trends in technology, pedagogical approaches, and HR practices in the respective job markets. This paper offers insight into how to tailor an exciting political science program for the future of work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the methodology used for the data collection and calculation of erosion rates and presents the recent results for the period 2001-2019 for all the beaches of the Andalusian shoreline. This period is divided into two subperiods (2001-2011 and 2001-2019) to detect possible trend changes during the study years. The proxy corresponding to the internal limit of the backshore has been used, which is very useful for medium to long-term coastal erosion rates. The results show the rates calculated for this proxy, which reveal a high presence of artificially stabilised sectors where the inward migration of the shoreline associated with it is hindered, together with an intensification of the retreat rates in natural sections. Similarly, there is a clear differentiation between a relatively dynamic Atlantic façade with a higher percentage of erosive sectors and a Mediterranean façade highly conditioned by anthropic presence, with a lower percentage but a higher intensity in their values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Knowledge management is an essential area of activity in organizations. It harnesses valuable information resources for the benefit of patrons and success of 21st century academic libraries. Academic libraries have important role in updating its practices in knowledge management which increases enviable technological devices and sophiscated system of storage and retrieval. Thus the paper highlights the concept of knowledge management, knowledge application management, knowledge dissemination management, knowledge management skills for information professionals, importance of knowledge management in academic libraries and knowledge management tools. Thus the paper posits that academic libraries adopt knowledge innovation management, in order to deliver library services through innovative library technology to ensure they remain relevant in the 21st century. It was recommended among others that knowledge management practices should be inculcated into academic libraries in the provision of library services and information dissemination to patrons. Also, information professionals should constantly update their skills and competencies in order to be key players in knowledge management phenomenon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the world is struggling with the Covid crisis and its numerous aftereffects, it is easy to forget that the present pandemic is only the latest of a whole series of paradigm-changing 21st-century crises. Indeed, the word "crisis" has become one of the key concepts for the understanding of the early 21st century. Thus, crisis seems very much to be the default position of the 21st century, the new norm. In this paper, I argue that the 21st century has a recognizably different cultural logic from what the previous one had: most of our social, ideological, political, financial, and ecological paradigms are either changing or will (or must) change soon. As most of our critical concepts, intellectual tools, and ideological frameworks were made during the boom years of the late 20th century, they are clearly outdated and inadequate today. Thus, in this paper, through taking account of these shifting intellectual and artistic paradigms, I attempt to indicate how the present crisis of knowledge and sense-making may be turned into a process of knowing and making sense of crisis, and thus help us meet the challenges of the new century. It is often through these fault-lines, breakdowns, and inconsistencies of our narratives that one may recognize those pre-crisis assumptions that we have to critically re-evaluate and update in order to understand the new century.1 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper includes a Systematic Literature Review of the tools for detecting and/or measuring Ethical Leadership in the business world published between 2000 and 2020. The review attempts to explore, analyze and synthesize the most recent evidence from the field with the aim to summarize and integrate knowledge regarding Ethical Leadership. Our goal is to build a documentation framework for further research and future design of a more concise and accurate tool covering all possible aspects of Ethical Leadership. We choose the Systematic Literature Review method because it is structured and minimizes subjectivity when selecting and analyzing data. Our work addresses researchers/scholars, postgraduate students, PhD candidates, and private and public sector officials who need scientific evidence to support decision-making and/or policy designing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 21st century has offered unlimited opportunities to library and information science (LIS) professionals to explore their potentials and engage in productive ventures through the use of Internet and digital technologies. The objectives of this paper was to explore inforpreneurship opportunities that library and information science professionals could venture in the information industry as well as unravel the challenges that might be encountered especially in today's world of 21st century. The opportunities discussed include: information brokerage, information systems consultancy, blogging and advertisement, web development/programming, database designing/distribution as well as internet café/business centre. The study stressed that these opportunities could enable tech-savvy LIS professionals to engage in one or more of these ventures without necessarily waiting for white collar jobs from the government. They could also offer job opportunities to themselves and to others, become self-reliant, as well as prestige associated with the jobs which could ultimately contribute in boosting the economy of the country, reduce unemployment and empower people. Challenges bedevilling LIS professionals from engaging in inforpreneurship as highlighted by this study include: lack of inforpreneurial spirit and fear of competition, lack of requisite skills/expertise, lack of adequate funds/capital, lack of adequate electricity and bandwidth and poor patronage from fellow citizens. Finally, the study recommended encouraging LIS professionals to develop inforpreneurship spirit during their course of study, reviewing curriculums that could inculcate inforpreneurship ideas in students, granting soft loans to graduates who are endowed with inforpreneurship ideas, improving power supply as well as encouraging fellow citizens towards patronising information products and services produced locally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Willing to challenge the classical tradition, Richlin (2005) adapted the Latin play Persa by Plautus to a contemporary context using American slang and pop culture. Richlin aims at making Roman comedy performable, popular and funny again whether onstage or in the classroom. Is her radical modernisation a form of domestication that is often criticized in translation studies for being unfaithful and unethical? Based upon a comparison between the original Latin text and Richlin’s version, this paper questions the ethics of faithfulness which play a major role in translation terminology, a system determined by the traditional polarity between domestication and foreignization. By highlighting the ludic nature of Plautus’ comedy (especially the ongoing joke with Greek culture and language), this paper argues that using modern transposition is a heavily Plautine strategy suitable for recovering the immediacy of comedy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Myths are basically the folklores that beautifully narrate the culture, life, and customs followed by ancient people which are perceived in deities that are worshipped. India is well regarded for its diverse and rich culture across the world. Myth in Indian context reflects cultural and religious tales which one generation passed on to another and, as a result, there are several variants of Indian mythology. The contemporary Indian English novelist, Amish Tripathi recreated Indian mythology by mixing it with social fantasies and scientific facts. He adopted mythical characters related to Lord Shiva and other deities in his novels to depict an ideal society. Hence, this paper is aimed to analyse the recreation of myth in Indian context through Amish Tripathi’s Shiva Trilogy. It is the best-selling mythological fiction written by Amish Tripathi. This paper also argues that his treatment of mythology in his novels is more of a frame of modern issues of 21st century rather than just a historical retelling. This paper also concludes that Tripathi has turned mythology of India into a relevant scripture of 21st century by forming mythical stories after the significant events of 21st century in India and especially in South Asia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the results of a field study of transhumant pastoralism which was carried out in June and July 2022 on the Zelengora, Volujak and Lebršnik mountains, on the Morine plateau, i.e. in the areas of the municipalities of Ljubinje, Nevesinje, Kalinovik and Gacko (Republic of Srpska-Bosnia and Herzegovina). The goal of the research was to determine the present state and development trends of transhumant pastoralism in the areas of eastern Herzegovina at the beginning of the 21st century. The paper gives an overview of the previous (ethnological) studies of transhumant pastoralism, and then presents the methodological procedures used in this research. The ethnographic section summarizes interviews with interviewees and field guides. The observed problems, both those that were talked about by the interviewees and those that were independently observed, were jointly expressed in the separate section as development trends that describe and at the same time shape the current state of transhumant pastoralism in the studied area. The problems in question are: the transformation of pastoralism into an individual economic strategy, and in some cases a form of personal leisure; changes in the directions and manner of livestock routes; the persistence of the basic production technology, along with the modernization of its individual elements; the weakening and dissolution of elements of the traditional cultural idiom; legal changes in property rights and the method of making compensations for rights of use; multiple consequences of war; increasingly pronounced neoliberal economic relations and withdrawal of the state; strengthening of personal motivation to engage in pastoralism; growing interest in zoological, ecological and climate topics. In almost all of the aforementioned trends, it is possible to recognize adaptation to the risks that come with changes in the environment, both natural and social. These are changes in the economy, demography, social relations, climate and ecology. The interviewees found ways to more or less successfully manage the mentioned risks.

Purpose: This paper examines the future of 21st century libraries against the backdrop that many libraries have moved or are in the process of moving from a traditional print-based collection to one where traditional hardcopy and electronic information resources co-exist and are brought together in an integrated information service, accessed via electronic gateways available both on site and remotely via the internet or local computer networks. Design/Methodology/Approach: This is a reflective paper based on author's observation, experience and review of related literature. Findings: Hybrid libraries are the new norm in most public and academic libraries of this 21st century since they offer a combination of traditional and virtual provisions in collections stored in digital formats which are accessible via computers and bibliographic databases that index thousands of peer-reviewed scientific journals; many offer access to full text articles. This means bringing the two worlds of librarianship in one place. Research Limitations/Implications: The implication of this study is therefore that hybrid library should not, then, be seen as nothing more than an uneasy transitional phase between the conventional library and digital library but, rather, as a worthwhile model in its own right, which can be usefully developed and improved. Originality: The approach and prototype described in this paper provides an enhanced model hybrid library service as the main model for future existence, development as well as a direction of library in the 21st century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Álabe is the property of Alabe and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Investigaciones Feministas is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bordes, Revista de Estudios Culturales is the property of Universidad de Los Andes, Fundacion Cultural Bordes and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper summarizes the author's views on the appropriate role and functioning of the Association of Environmental Engineering and Science Professors (AEESP), based on the presentations made by the speakers at AEESP's Annual Conference held at Clarkson University at Potsdam, New York, in July 2005. The paper notes that AEESP and also the American Academy of Environmental Engineer (AAEE) were formed in the mid 20th century that their functions were organized to meet the needs of the United States in environmental development for the second half of the 20th century, and while these organizations have achieved much success in their performance in the previous half-century, the picture for the future looks remarkably different. This is because of the increasing acceleration of new technology which is rapidly changing everything, including changing the pattern of economics from country operated systems to an unprecedented new system of globalization. Both AEESP and AAEE now must reorient their roles and functions to expand American professional capabilities to influence continuing development in both the United States and in the developing countries in order to protect as well as to utilize environmental resources as needed to enable sustainable global development. Recommendations are given for feasible steps which American (and other) universities can take for modifying university programs to suit this objective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Data Literacy is a germane competence for anyone or institution desirous to scale the challenges of the 21st century and be globally recognized. Data literacy is the ability of individual to identify, work with, analyze and communicate data effectively. It is perceived that there is a poor data literacy competence in higher institutions in developing countries. Researchers in the 21st century, for example, ought to possess skills and competencies to communicate through affiliated institutional email addresses; be active on platforms such as Google scholar and research gate; and, possibly own personal websites to drive teaching and learning. This paper, through qualitative analysis of existing literature, attempts to examine the interplay between data literacy and higher education in the 21st century. Data Literacy is relevant not only to individuals but also to higher education. The phenomenon data literacy is relevant to institutions of higher learning because institutions of higher learning are acknowledged centers of human resources training for national and sustainable development. The paper will be of significance to governments, policy makers, and administrators of higher institution in particular. Furthermore, the paper will be of benefit to scholars as data literacy continues to shape frontiers of teaching and learning across the globe in the 21st century.

Clinical relevance: The scientific foundations for clinical contact lens practice are rooted in the ophthalmic literature. This analysis of contact lens papers celebrates contemporary research achievements in the contact lens field.Background: This work aims to assemble contact lens-related publication metrics so as to identify the most impactful papers published so far this century, as well the top countries, authors, institutions and journals.Methods: A search was undertaken of the titles of papers on the Scopus database to identify contact lens-related articles published this century. The ten most highly cited papers were determined from the total list of 4,164 papers found. Rank-order lists by count were assembled for the 'top 25' in each of four categories: authors, institutions, countries and journals. A 20-year subject-specific contact lens h-index (hCL-20-index) was derived for each author, institution, country and journal to serve as a measure of impact in the field. The top 10 constituents (of the top 25) of each category were ranked by hCL-20-index and tabulated for consideration.Results: The most highly cited paper this century is entitled 'Soft contact lens polymers: An evolution', by Nicholson and Vogt. Lyndon Jones is the most impactful author, with a hCL-20-index of 32. The University of New South Wales (Australia) produces the most impactful contact lens-related papers, and the United States is the most highly-ranked country. Optometry and Vision Science is the most impactful journal in the contact lens field.Conclusions: Contact lens materials and lens-associated keratitis are topics of high interest in the contemporary contact lens literature, with an emerging interest in orthokeratology for myopia control and glucose monitoring. Impactful 21st century authors, institutions, countries and journals are identified. Optometry is revealed as the leading profession in relation to the publication of impactful contact lens-related papers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to data obtained from Romania census we can observe a tendency of a continuous increase in the evolution of the ethnic structure of Roma ethnic population, but a comparison with the results of complementary studies raises question signs regarding a change of an identity nature. For this reason, the paper analyses identity elements specific to Roma communities in Romania, presented in specialty litterature (linguistic, social, economic, educational and judicial elements) and resulted from an investigation based on questionnaired and on an interview focused on groups. The results show the fact that the belonging to a tribe is a main characteristic of Roma population. The ability to speak Romani is low; in Romania there are cases of entire communities of a Roma people which lost their language. Nowadays we can observe a trial to revive the Romani language through inter-cultural programs and the promotion of books and dictionaries. The economic profile of persons of a Roma ethnicity is discouraging, characterized by small incomes, of social assistance or by the performance of poorly paid activities which cannot guarantee a secure income. In the affirmation of a Roma ethnic identity cultural traditions are the ones that come first. The construction process of an identity is now centered on a cultural affirmation, on the mobilization of resources from the community, by encouraging and forming intellectual and political elite. A reconsideration of the Roma ethnics in the structure of the contemporary Romanian society must necessarily begin as a redefining of an identity realized by these ethnics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper examines re-inventing Nigerian civil service for effective service delivery in the 21st century. The use of secondary data was adopted as well as eloquent testimonies of the bad state of civil service as concrete evidence of inefficiency in the civil service. In analyzing the data, descriptive statistics and qualitative technique were employed. Findings reveal that the Nigerian civil service is one of the significant legacies left by the colonialists which serves as a functional tool required to put the nation on the path of recovery that could match the rising expectation of the people savouring the euphoria of independence which necessitated the reforms in the civil service. In spite of this reform, the civil service is faced with such challenges such as acute obsolescence of method, frequent postings and reshufflings of top administrators, problem of adequate and appropriate office accommodation, lackadaisical attitude of lower cadres etc. The paper therefore suggests that for effective and efficient service delivery of the civil service in the 21st century, there is the need to redesign services and deliver them digitally, organize in-service training courses for the junior cadres; and restore confidence and morale among the working force in the public service. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Landscape Architecture Frontiers is the property of Higher Education Press Limited Company and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cracow Studies of Constitutional & Legal History / Krakowskie Studia z Historii Państwa i Prawa is the property of Jagiellonian University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper “#EndSARS Protest: A Discourse on Impact of Digital Media on 21st Century Activism” examines the role of digital media in a new generation of activism with a critical assessment of the protest in Nigeria. Specifically, the paper expands on the meaning of social media activism, finds out ways digital media was deployed in mobilisation and management of the protest and also delves into how social media pose as challenge to activism within the context of series of anti-police brutality protests that took place in Nigeria. Specifically, the study looked at how, despite the failure of mainstream media in the country to give the movement prominence, technology (through social media) helped to encourage transnational activism and global solidarity with respect to #EndSARS. The paper relied on existing literature through the use of library research technique. It utilised the technological determinism theory – that served as its theoretical base or foundation. The paper found, among others, that digital media especially social media played significant roles in mobilisation and management of the protest. It also revealed that due to the power that digital platforms wield, authority may be tempted to introduce some form of regulations that may hinder their use. The paper concludes that, indeed, digital media have tremendous impact on 21st century activism in Nigeria. Therefore, the paper, among others, recommends that government must now realise the powers of communication and technology and therefore embark on constant communication with the people while also addressing pre-existing social ills in the country.

Copyright of Indiana (03418642) is the property of Ibero-Amerikanisches Institut, Preussischer Kulturbesitz and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Gandhiji is remembered as a great leader, as he suggested a revolutionary approach to the challenges of India's historical situation. He tried to actualize the needs and aspirations of the Indian people of his times. The 21st century, 'the era of development', has brought with it a number of problems. The COVID-19 experience has once again sensitized us to the need of being independent, self-sufficient and having economic growth which is inclusive and equitable. This research paper explores Gandhiji's thoughts and its relevance to Indian economy today. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zimbabwe's interaction with the outside world has come of age since the attainment of independence in 1980. Throughout her existence Zimbabwe has exhibited a rather active role in her interaction with the outside world. This being driven by the desire to attain sustainable economic and political development. The Zimbabwe government has managed to pull through the domestic and international challenges and continued un till today trying to address these challenges. In order to survive in this rather hostile environment Zimbabwe has manipulated its international environment for the purpose of its survival by designing and implementing a rather successful foreign policy which has ensured that it remains afloat on development agenda on the background of harsh international environment largely emerging from failing structural adjustment programme, and sanctions imposed by the western countries and western controlled institutions. It is the purpose of this paper to analyse Zimbabwe's foreign policy in the 21st Century, illuminating on the key aspects of action, reaction and interaction with international actors as it seek to define its development agenda. Given the continued rule of Zimbabwe African National Union Patriotic Front, the paper will give reflections on continuities and changes that are likely to occur beyond 2013 as Zimbabwe continues to steer its development agenda. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper responds to the article by Daniel Hoornweg and Kevin Pope, on predictions for the world’s largest cities in the 21st century, in this issue of Environment and Urbanization. It recognizes the value and importance of this article in highlighting the very large likely scale of urban population growth up to 2100 and in initiating a discussion on what this might imply for the scale and distribution of the world’s largest cities. But it raises some concerns about the extent to which very large cities will grow in what are currently nations with very low per capita incomes. Mega-cities need to be underpinned by mega-economies. The world’s largest cities up to 2100 will mostly be those where private capital has chosen to invest, and much of this may not be in the cities identified in the Hoornweg and Pope article as likely to be the largest. The economic future, the development future (including whether the Sustainable Development Goals get met) and the ecological future (especially whether dangerous climate change is avoided) will so powerfully influence future city sizes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Building 21st century character skills is not easy. Industrial revolution 5.0. brought major changes to the industrial world, which then influenced the way of life, way of thinking, way of working, and so on. The goal is to cultivate knowledge, attitudes and sensitivity in the practice of life values needed to build superior national character skills in the 21st century. Design/methodology/approach: Qualitative methods are grounded approach types, namely observation, literature study, and interviews: namely interviews with various stakeholders such as professors, lecturers, teachers, education experts, business people, experts, students, from July 8-11 2022, attended by 112 resource persons consisting of lecturers and students, and attended by 53 universities. Findings: The results of his research through four elements, namely; First, the character habituation of Pancasila values, religious values, and cultural values; Second, habituation of understanding the latest technology; Third, habituation of developing interpersonal skills; Fourth, Habituation of active participation. This is currently typical of Indonesia, superior character skills based on the 21st century revolution 5.0 as the vision and mission of Citizenship Education for the Republic of Indonesia in the future. Paper type: Research paper

In dealing with the language learning and teaching, curriculum planners, researchers, teachers and learners are often inducted into both traditional and non-traditional methods. The traditional methods, which are rooted in linguistics, focus on syntactic rules, memorization based on the lexicon, and practice in oral and silent reading. On the other divide, non-traditional methods embody the creative approach, where imagination elements such as music, dance, art (logo), theatre, dreams and creative writing are effectively embraced. This paper focuses on imagination methods as the key that opens the gates to all education without strictly delimiting the scope of the methods to language learning and teaching alone. However, language and effective communication are sine qua non in learning and teaching processes as well as in all human endeavours. The paper examines "Enter- Educate" methods, which are reminiscences of imagination methods in action in the health communication programmes. The paper highlights the multimedia approach through popular radio and television programmes that are very instrumental, effective, motivative and reachable to adults, youths and children as well as taking care of their individual differences in terms of cognitive abilities and development. The paper reveals that various popular musicians, comedians, actors and producers have played and continue to play prominent and active roles in entertainment education towards enhancing healthy behaviour in Nigeria. The paper concludes that for the entertainment and education to harmoniously and simultaneously achieve the target goal of learning or improved behavioural change, the diverse linguistic interests and the popular language of the target audience must be considered in using imagination methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Politicas y Sociales is the property of Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Politicas y Sociales and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)