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2. Reading from Screen vs Reading from Paper: Does It Really Matter?
- Author
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Ocal, Turkan, Durgunoglu, Aydin, and Twite, Lauren
- Abstract
This study investigated whether reading comprehension would differ when the texts are studied and tested on screen or on paper. Participants were 69 college students who were attending a college in midwestern United States. Participants read two expository texts each, under comparable paper and screen conditions and answered comprehension questions. Test forms and the order of the conditions were counterbalanced. The correlations between reading outcomes and reader characteristics were examined. Participants also completed a survey on their views on the two media (paper or screen). The results did not indicate a significant difference on students' reading comprehension as a function of medium and reader characteristics. However, students reported preferring paper-based reading for complex material.
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- 2022
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3. No Strings Attached: Using 2D Paper Dolls and 3D Toy Puppets to Promote Young Children's Positive Responses towards Immigrants
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Jones, Siân E., Dalnoki, Laura, Kaliff, Alicia, Muir, William, Uusitalo, Kiia, and Uytman, Clare
- Abstract
Previous research indicates that imagining contact with someone who is an immigrant can reduce prejudice and promote positive friendship intentions. Much less is known about the optimal ways of effecting imagined contact. The reported research used an experimental design, where the status of a target-child toy puppet (immigrant versus refugee versus control) and the type of imagined contact (2D or 3D figures) was changed. Children aged 4-10 years, were tested for their responses towards immigrants and refugees, before and after a three-minute interactive play session with 2D or 3D toy puppet figures. Children were asked to show in the session how they would 'have a really good time' with the target-child toy puppet. Measures of children's direct contact with immigrants were also taken. The results suggest that 3D figures have a similar positive impact as 2-D figures on friendship intentions following imagined play. It was in the 2D experimental conditions only that children's friendship intentions were more positive with greater anxiety reduction.
- Published
- 2020
4. Needs Assessment of National Communication Association Conference Presentations: Members' Perceptions of Presentation Effectiveness, Values, and Challenges
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Charoensap-Kelly, Piyawan, Priddis, DeAnne, and Punyanunt-Carter, Narissra M.
- Abstract
This study analyzed the National Communication Association (NCA) members' perceptions regarding the effectiveness of their own and their peer presentations and the challenges they faced when preparing and giving conference presentations. Overall, participants (n = 187) feel fairly content with the effectiveness of NCA conference presentations and the value they have gained from them. The effectiveness of others' presentations has a significant association with members' perceived value of the conference presentations. The "lack of experience" and "lack of confidence" are key variables that heighten anxiety which can impact the effectiveness of presentations. "Process anxiety" was positively associated with presentation effectiveness whereas "performance anxiety" was negatively associated with presentation effectiveness. This needs assessment provides informed suggestions for making academic presentations more effective in the future.
- Published
- 2022
5. Pregnant Women's Views on the Feasibility and Acceptability of Web-Based Mental Health E-Screening Versus Paper-Based Screening: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
- Author
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Kingston D, Austin MP, Veldhuyzen van Zanten S, Harvalik P, Giallo R, McDonald SD, MacQueen G, Vermeyden L, Lasiuk G, Sword W, and Biringer A
- Subjects
- Adult, Feasibility Studies, Female, Humans, Mass Screening methods, Mental Health, Paper, Pregnancy Complications psychology, Anxiety diagnosis, Depression diagnosis, Internet, Patient Acceptance of Health Care psychology, Pregnancy psychology, Telemedicine methods
- Abstract
Background: Major international guidelines recommend mental health screening during the perinatal period. However, substantial barriers to screening have been reported by pregnant and postpartum women and perinatal care providers. E-screening offers benefits that may address implementation challenges., Objective: The primary objective of this randomized controlled trial was to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of Web-based mental health e-screening compared with paper-based screening among pregnant women. A secondary objective was to identify factors associated with women's preferences for e-screening and disclosure of mental health concerns., Methods: Pregnant women recruited from community and hospital-based antenatal clinics and hospital-based prenatal classes were computer-randomized to a fully automated Web-based e-screening intervention group or a paper-based control group. Women were eligible if they spoke or read English, were willing to be randomized to e-screening, and were willing to participate in a follow-up diagnostic interview. The intervention group completed the Antenatal Psychosocial Health Assessment and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale on a tablet computer, while controls completed them on paper. All women completed self-report baseline questions and were telephoned 1 week after randomization by a blinded research assistant for a MINI International Neuropsychiatric Interview. Renker and Tonkin's tool of feasibility and acceptability of computerized screening was used to assess the feasibility and acceptability of e-screening compared with paper-based screening. Intention-to-treat analysis was used. To identify factors associated with preference for e-screening and disclosure, variables associated with each outcome at P<.20 were simultaneously entered into final multivariable models to estimate adjusted odds ratios (AORs) and 95% CIs., Results: Of the 675 eligible women approached, 636 agreed to participate (participation rate 94.2%) and were randomized to the intervention (n=305) or control (n=331) groups. There were no significant baseline differences between groups. More women in the e-screening group strongly or somewhat agreed that they would like to use a tablet for answering questions on emotional health (57.9%, 175/302 vs 37.2%, 121/325) and would prefer using a tablet to paper (46.0%, 139/302 vs 29.2%, 95/325), compared with women in the paper-based screening group. There were no differences between groups in women's disclosure of emotional health concerns (94.1%, 284/302 vs 90.2%, 293/325). Women in the e-screening group consistently reported the features of e-screening more favorably than controls (more private or confidential, less impersonal, less time-consuming). In the multivariable models, being in the e-screening group was significantly associated with preferring e-screening (AOR 2.29, 95% CI 1.66-3.17), while no factors were significantly associated with disclosure., Conclusions: The findings suggest that mental health e-screening is feasible and acceptable to pregnant women., Trial Registration: Clinicaltrials.gov NCT01899534; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01899534 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6ntWg1yWb)., (©Dawn Kingston, Marie-Paule Austin, Sander Veldhuyzen van Zanten, Paula Harvalik, Rebecca Giallo, Sarah D McDonald, Glenda MacQueen, Lydia Vermeyden, Gerri Lasiuk, Wendy Sword, Anne Biringer. Originally published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research (http://www.jmir.org), 07.04.2017.)
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- 2017
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6. Themenbezogene Beiträge / Subject related Papers. »Ich möchte in den Himmel wachsen, aber das könnte die Welt zerstören.« Psychotherapeutische Behandlung eines traumatisierten Kindes im Spannungsfeld zwischen Stabilisierung und struktureller Veränderung (»I want to grow into the sky, but that could destroy the world.« Psychotherapeutic treatment of a traumatized child in the field of tension between stabilization and structural change)
- Author
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Leitner, Sebastian
- Subjects
- *
DEFENSE mechanisms (Psychology) , *PSYCHOLOGICAL stress , *ANXIETY , *FANTASY (Psychology) , *EMOTIONS - Abstract
»I want to grow into the sky, but that could destroy the world.« Psychotherapeutic treatment of a traumatized child in the field of tension between stabilization and structural change This paper describes the therapist's approach with a traumatized and psychologically already prestressed boy and reflects on it based on various theoretical concepts. The structural weaknesses of the patient appeared in the play in the fragility of the symbolization ability and the pretend mode. Strong feelings of anxiety and confusion, perceptible in the countertransference, as well as the presence of defense mechanisms such as splitting, idealization, omnipotence or dissociation, demand to a greater extent the therapist's container function. Therefore, at the beginning of the treatment, an initial phase served to stabilize the patient. Only gradually, after a good working alliance was established, a clearer confrontation with the fears became possible. Instead of being left alone with it, the patient found in therapy a language, images, space. Thus, the patient was able to reduce his omnipotent control and the transformation of stressful fantasies and feelings also developed in the relationship with the therapist. A gradual integration and de-idealization became possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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7. Investigating Nontraditional First-Year Students' Epistemic Curiosity during the Research Process: An Exploratory, Mixed-Methods Study
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Knecht, Michelle Keba
- Abstract
The purpose of this exploratory, mixed-methods study was to investigate the relationship between nontraditional undergraduate students' curiosity and their experiences researching a topic. The author collected and analyzed survey data and annotated bibliography rubric scores from 59 students at a private, liberal arts university and conducted in-depth interviews to gather a fuller picture of the students' curiosity. Based on the study's findings, librarians and professors should create opportunities for students to select research topics to which they have a personal connection while intentionally offering supportive feedback to students as they refine their topics to reduce anxiety and frustration.
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- 2022
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8. Semaglutide Attenuates Anxious and Depressive-Like Behaviors and Reverses the Cognitive Impairment in a Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Mouse Model Via the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis.
- Author
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de Paiva IHR, da Silva RS, Mendonça IP, de Souza JRB, and Peixoto CA
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- Animals, Mice, Male, Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental complications, Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental drug therapy, Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental psychology, Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental metabolism, Disease Models, Animal, Antidepressive Agents pharmacology, Antidepressive Agents therapeutic use, Glucagon-Like Peptides pharmacology, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 complications, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 drug therapy, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 psychology, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 metabolism, Cognitive Dysfunction drug therapy, Cognitive Dysfunction prevention & control, Cognitive Dysfunction etiology, Cognitive Dysfunction metabolism, Depression drug therapy, Depression psychology, Depression metabolism, Anxiety drug therapy, Anxiety psychology, Anxiety etiology, Gastrointestinal Microbiome drug effects, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Brain-Gut Axis drug effects
- Abstract
Newly conducted research suggests that metabolic disorders, like diabetes and obesity, play a significant role as risk factors for psychiatric disorders. This connection presents a potential avenue for creating novel antidepressant medications by repurposing drugs originally developed to address antidiabetic conditions. Earlier investigations have shown that GLP-1 (Glucagon-like Peptide-1) analogs exhibit neuroprotective qualities in various models of neurological diseases, encompassing conditions such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and stroke. Moreover, GLP-1 analogs have demonstrated the capability to enhance neurogenesis, a process recognized for its significance in memory formation and the cognitive and emotional aspects of information processing. Nonetheless, whether semaglutide holds efficacy as both an antidepressant and anxiolytic agent remains uncertain. To address this, our study focused on a mouse model of depression linked to type 2 diabetes induced by a High Fat Diet (HFD). In this model, we administered semaglutide (0.05 mg/Kg intraperitoneally) on a weekly basis to evaluate its potential as a therapeutic option for depression and anxiety. Diabetic mice had higher blood glucose, lipidic profile, and insulin resistance. Moreover, mice fed HFD showed higher serum interleukin (IL)-1β and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) associated with impaired humor and cognition. The analysis of behavioral responses revealed that the administration of semaglutide effectively mitigated depressive- and anxiety-like behaviors, concurrently demonstrating an enhancement in cognitive function. Additionally, semaglutide treatment protected synaptic plasticity and reversed the hippocampal neuroinflammation induced by HFD fed, improving activation of the insulin pathway, demonstrating the protective effects of semaglutide. We also found that semaglutide treatment decreased astrogliosis and microgliosis in the dentate gyrus region of the hippocampus. In addition, semaglutide prevented the DM2-induced impairments of pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC), and G-protein-coupled receptor 43 (GPR43) and simultaneously increased the NeuN + and Glucagon-like Peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R+) neurons in the hippocampus. Our data also showed that semaglutide increased the serotonin (5-HT) and serotonin transporter (5-HTT) and glutamatergic receptors in the hippocampus. At last, semaglutide changed the gut microbiota profile (increasing Bacterioidetes, Bacteroides acidifaciens, and Blautia coccoides) and decreased leaky gut, improving the gut-brain axis. Taken together, semaglutide has the potential to act as a therapeutic tool for depression and anxiety., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)
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- 2024
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9. Lecturers' attitude toward and anxiety in writing English academic papers for international publications
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Hartono Hartono and Ruseno Arjanggi
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attitude ,anxiety ,indonesian lecturer ,english academic papers ,international publication ,Education (General) ,L7-991 ,English language ,PE1-3729 - Abstract
This study was aimed at investigating attitude and anxiety of Indonesian lecturers in writing English papers for international publications, together with the influence of gender and functional grades on them. It involved lecturers of a private university in Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia (n=62) who were attending a training on English academic writing especially designed to help them prepare manuscripts for international publications. Data were collected by questionnaires and analyzed using t-test and ANOVA. The study found that the attitude toward writing was positive. Three aspects of attitude namely behavioral, cognitive, and affective were all positive. The anxiety in writing English papers was found to be moderate and somatic anxiety was the type of anxiety the lecturers suffered the most. There was no difference on the attitude and level of anxiety across gender but there was a difference on the level of anxiety across functional grades. As attitude and anxiety predict the success of writing efforts, which may then affect the success of publication, the issue of attitude and anxiety needs to be addressed in the effort of increasing the productivity of Indonesian lecturers in making international publications.�
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- 2020
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10. Addressing Emotional Aspects in the Second Language Learning Processes
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Luis F. Cisneros
- Abstract
Learning a foreign language incorporates cognitive, communicative, emotional, and social aspects. Some of these aspects have to do with the structure of the language being studied; some others deal with social and psychological issues that influence the environment where the learning process takes place. This reflection paper addresses various emotional aspects that can bring up positive outcomes along the foreign language learning stages. Elements such as motivation, attitudes, levels of anxiety, acculturation, ethnicity, and personality are considered for this work. Readers should be able to find useful ideas for their ESL/EFL classes.
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- 2024
11. A retrospective cohort study to investigate fatigue, psychological or cognitive impairment after TIA: protocol paper.
- Author
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Moran GM, Calvert M, Feltham MG, Ryan R, and Marshall T
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- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Case-Control Studies, Clinical Protocols, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Kaplan-Meier Estimate, Male, Middle Aged, Primary Health Care, Proportional Hazards Models, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, Stroke etiology, Young Adult, Anxiety etiology, Cognition Disorders etiology, Depression etiology, Fatigue etiology, Ischemic Attack, Transient complications, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic etiology
- Abstract
Introduction: Transient ischaemic attack (TIA) is defined by short-lasting, stroke-like symptoms, and is recognised as a medical emergency. Symptoms are assumed to completely resolve, and treatment is focused on secondary stroke/TIA prevention. However, evidence suggests that patients with TIA may experience ongoing residual impairments, which they do not receive therapy for as standard practice. TIA-induced sequelae could impact on patients' quality of life and ability to return to work or social activities. We aim to investigate whether TIA is associated with subsequent consultation for fatigue, psychological or cognitive impairment in primary care., Methods and Analysis: A retrospective open cohort study of patients with first-ever TIA and matched controls. Relevant data will be extracted from The Health Improvement Network (THIN) database, an anonymised primary care database which includes data for over 12 million patients and covers approximately 6% of the UK population. Outcomes will be the first consultation for fatigue, anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder or cognitive impairment. Principal analysis will use Kaplan-Meier survivor functions to estimate time to first consultation, with log-rank tests to compare TIA and control patients. Cox proportional hazard models will predict the effect of demographic and patient characteristics on time to first consultation., Ethics and Dissemination: Approval was granted by a THIN Scientific Review Committee (ref: 14-008). The study's findings will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and disseminated at national and international conferences and through social media., (Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions.)
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- 2015
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12. Sexual and mental health of woman suffering from selected connective tissue diseases: an original paper
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Wiśniewski, Michał and Zabłocka-Żytka, Lidia
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- 2021
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13. 'The Power to SAY What I Want to and It Gets Written Down': Situating Children's and Adults' Voices and Silence in Participatory Research
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Sabine Little, Hannah Raine, Ailin Choo, Ronia Joshi, Shanza J. Qarni, Ayden Sukri, Grace Horton, and Sarah Pakravesh
- Abstract
This paper, co-authored between three adults and five children aged 8-11, adopts a 'collaborative writing as inquiry' approach to examine and discuss the authors' experiences of a participatory research project through the lens of critical dialectical pluralism. In the original project, children formed two 'young advisory panels', one online, comprising children from all over England, and one in a primary school in a suburban area in North England, informing and collaborating on the creation of 45 educational activities supporting critical digital literacy. Rather than focusing on the original research itself, the paper focuses on making a methodological contribution, through detailed and collaborative reflections on notions such as agency, power and control. Over a period of four 60 to 90 min-long meetings once the actual research was completed, adult and child authors considered their respective roles in the project, as well as detailing their understanding of the project as a whole. In co-framing our perceptions of participatory research, we problematise adult anxieties and highlight the importance of exploring 'silence as voice', arguing for an extension to participatory research projects, going beyond the research itself and creating a 'third space' which is un/familiar to all participants, openly inviting engagement with discomfort and normalising uncertainty.
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- 2024
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14. Exploring Writing Anxiety and Self-Efficacy among EFL Graduate Students in Taiwan
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Ho, Mei-ching
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This study investigates research writing anxiety and self-efficacy beliefs among English-as-a-Foreign-Language (EFL) graduate students in engineering-related fields. The relationship between the two writing affective constructs was examined and students' perspectives on research writing anxiety were also explored. A total of 218 survey responses from engineering graduate students at Taiwanese universities were analyzed, along with qualitative data from open-ended questions and semi-structured interviews. The findings show that while master's and doctoral students felt a similar moderate level of writing anxiety, senior doctoral students were more self-efficacious about writing research papers in English than their junior counterparts. Overall, students with higher writing self-efficacy felt less apprehensive. Additionally, among the individual variables, experience in writing for publication better predicted writing anxiety and self-efficacy than students' self-reported English proficiency and the number of writing courses taken. The qualitative findings indicated various sources of graduate-level writing anxiety, including insufficient writing skills in English, time constraints, and fear of negative comments. Furthermore, composing different sections of a research paper provoked different levels of anxiety due to the variations in the rhetorical purposes and discourse structures of particular sections. Implications on dealing with research writing anxiety are also discussed.
- Published
- 2016
15. Paper-Based and Computer-Based Concept Mappings: The Effects on Computer Achievement, Computer Anxiety and Computer Attitude
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Erdogan, Yavuz
- Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to compare the effects of paper-based and computer-based concept mappings on computer hardware achievement, computer anxiety and computer attitude of the eight grade secondary school students. The students were randomly allocated to three groups and were given instruction on computer hardware. The teaching methods used for each group were the conventional method, paper-based concept mapping and computer-based concept mapping. At the end of a 4-week instruction, posttests were administered to assess computer hardware achievement, computer anxiety and computer attitude of the students. The findings indicate that paper-based and computer-based concept mapping strategies produce better results than the conventional method. However, the effects of paper-based and computer-based concept mapping strategies were not significantly different.
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- 2009
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16. Introduction to three clinical papers.
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Urban E
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- Humans, Anxiety psychology, Behavior, Addictive therapy, Emotions, Freudian Theory, Jungian Theory, Knowledge, Obsessive Behavior therapy, Professional-Patient Relations, Psychoanalytic Therapy methods, Self Concept
- Published
- 2014
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17. Comparing the feasibility, acceptability, clinical-, and cost-effectiveness of mental health e-screening to paper-based screening on the detection of depression, anxiety, and psychosocial risk in pregnant women: a study protocol of a randomized, parallel-group, superiority trial.
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Kingston D, McDonald S, Biringer A, Austin MP, Hegadoren K, McDonald S, Giallo R, Ohinmaa A, Lasiuk G, MacQueen G, Sword W, Lane-Smith M, and van Zanten SV
- Subjects
- Anxiety psychology, Canada, Clinical Protocols, Computers, Handheld, Depression psychology, Feasibility Studies, Female, Humans, Mental Health Services, Predictive Value of Tests, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Complications psychology, Prenatal Care, Psychometrics, Risk Factors, Urban Health Services, Anxiety diagnosis, Depression diagnosis, Internet, Mental Health, Pregnancy Complications diagnosis, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Research Design, Surveys and Questionnaires
- Abstract
Background: Stress, depression, and anxiety affect 15% to 25% of pregnant women. However, substantial barriers to psychosocial assessment exist, resulting in less than 20% of prenatal care providers assessing and treating mental health problems. Moreover, pregnant women are often reluctant to disclose their mental health concerns to a healthcare provider. Identifying screening and assessment tools and procedures that are acceptable to both women and service providers, cost-effective, and clinically useful is needed., Methods/design: The primary objective of this randomized, parallel-group, superiority trial is to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of a computer tablet-based prenatal psychosocial assessment (e-screening) compared to paper-based screening. Secondary objectives are to compare the two modes of screening on: (1) the level of detection of prenatal depression and anxiety symptoms and psychosocial risk; (2) the level of disclosure of symptoms; (3) the factors associated with feasibility, acceptability, and disclosure; (4) the psychometric properties of the e-version of the assessment tools; and (5) cost-effectiveness. A sample of 542 women will be recruited from large, primary care maternity clinics and a high-risk antenatal unit in an urban Canadian city. Pregnant women are eligible to participate if they: (1) receive care at one of the recruitment sites; (2) are able to speak/read English; (3) are willing to be randomized to e-screening; and (4) are willing to participate in a follow-up diagnostic interview within 1 week of recruitment. Allocation is by computer-generated randomization. Women in the intervention group will complete an online psychosocial assessment on a computer tablet, while those in the control group will complete the same assessment in paper-based form. All women will complete baseline questionnaires at the time of recruitment and will participate in a diagnostic interview within 1 week of recruitment. Research assistants conducting diagnostic interviews and physicians will be blinded. A qualitative descriptive study involving healthcare providers from the recruitment sites and women will provide data on feasibility and acceptability of the intervention. We hypothesize that mental health e-screening in primary care maternity settings and high-risk antenatal units will be as or more feasible, acceptable, and capable of detecting depression, anxiety, and psychosocial risk compared to paper-based screening., Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01899534.
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- 2014
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18. Reliability and Validity of the Hamilton Depression Inventory: A Paper-and-Pencil Version of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale Clinical Interview.
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Reynolds, William M. and Kobak, Kenneth A.
- Abstract
A self-report, paper-and-pencil version of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, the Hamilton Depression Inventory, was developed and tested with 140 depressed adults, 99 adults with anxiety disorders, and 118 nonreferred adults. Overall, data support the reliability and validity of the new measure. (SLD)
- Published
- 1995
19. Internet Administration of Three Commonly Used Questionnaires in Panic Research: Equivalence to Paper Administration in Australian and Swedish Samples of People With Panic Disorder
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Austin, David W., Carlbring, Per, Richards, Jeffrey C., and Andersson, Gerhard
- Abstract
This study assessed the degree of equivalence between paper and Internet administration of three measures of panic and agoraphobia-related cognition and behavior: Body Sensations Questionnaire (BSQ), Agoraphobic Cognitions Questionnaire (ACQ), and Mobility Inventory (MI). Participants were 110 people with panic disorder who had registered for an Internet-based treatment program in Sweden (n = 54) or Australia (n = 56). Participants were randomly assigned to complete the questionnaires via the differing administration formats in a counterbalanced order. Results showed broadly equivalent psychometric properties across administrations, with strong significant intraclass correlations between them, and comparable Cronbach's alpha coefficients. A significant mean difference between administration formats was found for the BSQ only. In contrast to previous research, Internet administration did not generate higher scores than paper administration. No effect was found for order of administration. The findings suggest that each questionnaire can be validly administered via the Internet and used with confidence.
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- 2006
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20. Teaching the Interrelationship between Stress, Emotions, and Cardiovascular Risk Using a Classic Paper by Walter Cannon
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Gwirtz, Patricia A.
- Abstract
Classroom discussion of the classic article by Walter B. Cannon in 1914, entitled "The emergency function of the adrenal medulla in pain and the major emotions," is an excellent tool to teach graduate students the interaction between stress, emotions, and cardiovascular function. Using this article, we are able to review important early research by Dr. Cannon, including discussion of his scientific methods and results and how they hold true today. This article outlines how this classic paper is used to allow students to explore basics principles of cardiovascular control during stress. The teaching points that are presented illustrate how students can be directed to understand the interrelationship between chronic stress and cardiovascular disease. (Contains 2 tables and 1 figure.)
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- 2008
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21. Behavioral features in Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS): consensus paper from the International PWS Clinical Trial Consortium
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Schwartz, Lauren, Caixàs, Assumpta, Dimitropoulos, Anastasia, Dykens, Elisabeth, Duis, Jessica, Einfeld, Stewart, Gallagher, Louise, Holland, Anthony, Rice, Lauren, Roof, Elizabeth, Salehi, Parisa, Strong, Theresa, Taylor, Bonnie, and Woodcock, Kate
- Published
- 2021
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22. To What Can Late Eighteenth-Century French, British, and American Anxieties Be Compared? Comment on Three Papers
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Anderson, Benedict
- Published
- 2001
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23. Round #2: Response to Other Papers in the Special Issue of ATP
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Carr, Adrian
- Published
- 1996
24. Behavioral features in Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS): consensus paper from the International PWS Clinical Trial Consortium
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Lauren Schwartz, Assumpta Caixàs, Anastasia Dimitropoulos, Elisabeth Dykens, Jessica Duis, Stewart Einfeld, Louise Gallagher, Anthony Holland, Lauren Rice, Elizabeth Roof, Parisa Salehi, Theresa Strong, Bonnie Taylor, and Kate Woodcock
- Subjects
Prader-Willi syndrome ,Behavior ,Hyperphagia ,Temper outbursts ,Anxiety ,Obsessive–compulsive ,Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,RC321-571 - Abstract
Abstract Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a rare neurodevelopmental genetic disorder associated with a characteristic behavioral phenotype that includes severe hyperphagia and a variety of other behavioral challenges such as temper outbursts and anxiety. These behaviors have a significant and dramatic impact on the daily functioning and quality of life for the person with PWS and their families. To date, effective therapies addressing these behavioral challenges have proven elusive, but several potential treatments are on the horizon. However, a limiting factor for treatment studies in PWS is the lack of consensus in the field regarding how to best define and measure the complex and interrelated behavioral features of this syndrome. The International PWS Clinical Trials Consortium (PWS-CTC, www.pwsctc.org ) includes expert PWS scientists, clinicians, and patient advocacy organization representatives focused on facilitating clinical trials in this rare disease. To address the above gap in the field, members of the PWS-CTC “Behavior Outcomes Working Group” sought to develop a unified understanding of the key behavioral features in PWS and build a consensus regarding their definition and description. The primary focus of this paper is to present consensus definitions and descriptions of key phenotypic PWS behaviors including hyperphagia, temper outbursts, anxiety, obsessive–compulsive behaviors, rigidity, and social cognition deficits. Patient vignettes are provided to illustrate the interrelatedness and impact of these behaviors. We also review some available assessment tools as well as new instruments in development which may be useful in measuring these behavioral features in PWS.
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- 2021
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25. The methodology in the paper by Chambers et al. raises serious questions about their conclusions.
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Kulig K, Cetaruk E, Palmer R, and Brent J
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- Anxiety etiology, Biomarkers blood, Carbon Monoxide Poisoning psychology, Carboxyhemoglobin analysis, Cognition Disorders etiology, Depressive Disorder etiology, Environmental Exposure, Humans, Liability, Legal, Anxiety epidemiology, Carbon Monoxide Poisoning complications, Cognition Disorders epidemiology, Depressive Disorder epidemiology
- Published
- 2009
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26. Computer anxiety: a comparison of pen-based personal digital assistants, conventional computer and paper assessment of mood and performance.
- Author
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Tseng HM, Tiplady B, Macleod HA, and Wright P
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- Adolescent, Adult, Computer Literacy, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Psychometrics, Reproducibility of Results, Anxiety psychology, Attitude to Computers, Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted instrumentation, Microcomputers, Personality Inventory statistics & numerical data, User-Computer Interface
- Abstract
The recent growth of pen-based devices, such as the Personal Digital Assistant (PDA), offer mobility and a more natural interface than that of a conventional computer. The feasibility and application of the PDA for mood and cognitive assessment were investigated by examining possible interactions of individual characteristics and administration medium. Previous studies have provided evidence that individual characteristics of 'computer anxiety' and 'private self-consciousness' divergently covaried with mood scores measured by computer and paper methods. To investigate the relationship between individual characteristics and medium effects, 136 paid participants were allocated to and completed mood assessment tasks and a short battery of cognitive tasks by either the computer, PDA or the paper method. Self-ratings of mood measured by these three modalities covaried divergently with measures of computer anxiety and private self-consciousness. In addition, computer anxiety covaried with reaction time on the visual search task obtained on computers, but there was no such relationship when measured by a PDA. These results show that computer anxiety can affect the results of assessments of cognitive function as well as of mood ratings, and suggest that pen-based systems may have advantages over conventional computers in this respect.
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- 1998
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27. Temporal uncertainty in disease diagnosis.
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Hofmann B
- Subjects
- Humans, Uncertainty, Knowledge, Risk Factors, Anxiety, Fear
- Abstract
There is a profound paradox in modern medical knowledge production: The more we know, the more we know that we (still) do not know. Nowhere is this more visible than in diagnostics and early detection of disease. As we identify ever more markers, predictors, precursors, and risk factors of disease ever earlier, we realize that we need knowledge about whether they develop into something experienced by the person and threatening to the person's health. This study investigates how advancements in science and technology alter one type of uncertainty, i.e., temporal uncertainty of disease diagnosis. As diagnosis is related to anamnesis and prognosis it identifies how uncertainties in all these fields are interconnected. In particular, the study finds that uncertainty in disease diagnosis has become more subject to prognostic uncertainty because diagnosis is more connected to technologically detected indicators and less closely connected to manifest and experienced disease. These temporal uncertainties pose basic epistemological and ethical challenges as they can result in overdiagnosis, overtreatment, unnecessary anxiety and fear, useless and even harmful diagnostic odysseys, as well as vast opportunity costs. The point is not to stop our quest for knowledge about disease but to encourage real diagnostic improvements that help more people in ever better manner as early as possible. To do so, we need to pay careful attention to specific types of temporal uncertainty in modern diagnostics., (© 2023. The Author(s).)
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- 2023
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28. Addressing systemic racism and intergenerational transmission of anxiety using Bowenian family therapy with African American populations: A Discursive paper.
- Author
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Josiah, Nia, Shoola, Hakeem, Rodney, Tamar, Arscott, Joyell, Ndzi, Maureen, Bush, Ashley D., Wilson, Patty R., Jacques, Keilah, Baptiste, Diana‐Lyn, and Starks, Shaquita
- Subjects
- *
FAMILY psychotherapy , *INTERGENERATIONAL relations , *INSTITUTIONAL racism , *ANXIETY disorders , *LITERATURE reviews , *VERTICAL transmission (Communicable diseases) , *AFRICAN Americans - Abstract
Aim: To examine the intergenerational impact of systemic racism on mental health, depicting the evolution and patterns of anxiety symptoms and the application of the Bowenian family therapy to understand the interrelatedness and long‐standing impact of intergenerational trauma in African American families. This article highlights interventions that increase awareness of and promotes physical and mental health for African American populations. Design: Discursive Paper. Method: Searching literature published between 2012 and 2022 in PubMed, SCOPUS, EBSCO Host and Google Scholar, we explored factors associated with systemic racism and generational anxiety. Discussion: Evidence‐based literature supports the application of the Bowenian family therapy theoretical framework to understand the intergenerational impact of systemic racism and to address the transmission of anxiety symptoms in African American populations. Conclusion: Culturally appropriate interventions are needed to decrease anxiety symptoms in an attempt to heal intergenerational trauma and to improve family dynamics in African American populations. Impact to Nursing Practice: Nurses play an integral role in providing holistic quality patient‐centred care for African American populations who have experienced racial trauma. It is critical for nurses to implement culturally responsive and racially informed care with patients that focuses on self‐awareness, health promotion, prevention and healing in efforts to address racial trauma. Application of Bowenian family therapy can aid in the reduction of both intergenerational transmission of racial trauma and generational anxiety. No Patient or Public Contribution: There was no patient or public involvement in the design or drafting of this discursive paper. The authors reviewed the literature to develop a discussion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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29. A retrospective study of differences in patients' anxiety and satisfaction between paper-based and computer-based tools for "Shared Decision-Making".
- Author
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Chen, Jung-Chen, Tsai, Shang-Feng, and Liu, Shih-An
- Subjects
- *
SATISFACTION , *POCKET computers , *PEARSON correlation (Statistics) , *ANXIETY , *PATIENT satisfaction , *KNOWLEDGE acquisition (Expert systems) , *DECISION making - Abstract
We aimed to investigate differences in patients' anxiety and satisfaction between patients undergoing paper-based patient decision aid (PDA) for shared decision-making (SDM) and those receiving computer-based PDA. We retrospectively collected questionnaires before and after SDM. Basic demographic data as well as anxiety, satisfaction, knowledge acquisition, and participation in SDM were recorded. We divided our population into subgroups according to use of paper-based or computer-based PDA. In addition, Pearson correlation analysis was applied to assess the relationships among variables. In total, 304 patients who visited our Division of Nephrology were included in the final analysis. Overall, over half of the patients felt anxiety (n = 217, 71.4%). Near half of the patients felt a reduction in anxiety after SDM (n = 143, 47.0%) and 281 patients (92.4%) were satisfied with the whole process of SDM. When we divided all the patients based on use of paper-based or computer-based PDA, the reduction of anxiety level was greater in the patients who underwent paper-based PDA when compared with that of those who underwent computer-based PDA. However, there was no significant difference in satisfaction between the two groups. Paper-based PDA was as effective as computer-based PDA. Further studies comparing different types of PDA are warranted to fill the knowledge gaps in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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30. Differential effects of perigestational consumption of sucrose-sweetened beverages on anxiety and depression-related behaviors in adult offspring: Sex disparity in a mouse model.
- Author
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Ortiz-Valladares M, Peregrino-Ramírez C, Pedraza-Medina R, and Guzmán-Muñiz J
- Subjects
- Animals, Female, Mice, Pregnancy, Male, Disease Models, Animal, Sugar-Sweetened Beverages, Sucrose administration & dosage, Sex Characteristics, Swimming psychology, Behavior, Animal drug effects, Anxiety, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects, Depression etiology
- Abstract
Consumption of sucrose-sweetened drinks (SSDs) during pregnancy and breastfeeding can lead to various health and metabolism issues, but the potential impact on neurodevelopment and long-term effects remains unclear. This study aims to examine how maternal consumption of SSDs during gestation and lactation influences anxiety and depression-related behavior in adult offspring. Adult female CD-1 mice were randomly assigned to a control group (CG) or a sucrose group (SG) 2 weeks before gestation. The SG had 2 h of access to an SSD (15% w/w, 0.6 kcal/ml) for 2 weeks before mating, during pregnancy, and throughout lactation, totaling 8 weeks. Adult offspring were then evaluated for depressive-related behaviors and anxiety-related behaviors. Our findings reveal that perigestational consumption of SSDs does not lead to offspring presenting behaviors related to depression, but it does increase swimming behavior. However, maternal consumption of SSDs could impact the fighting response due to a diminished motivational component. In contrast, perigestational consumption of SSDs has apparent effects on anxiety-related behavior. Furthermore, female offspring appeared to be particularly vulnerable, exhibiting a higher anxiety index compared with controls. These findings indicate that females could be more vulnerable to the effects of maternal consumption of SSDs, being more susceptible to the presence of anxiety-related behaviors., (© 2024 International Society for Developmental Neuroscience.)
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- 2024
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31. Dermatological patients with itch report more stress, stigmatization experience, anxiety and depression compared to patients without itch: Results from a European multi-centre study.
- Author
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Zeidler C, Kupfer J, Dalgard FJ, Bewley A, Evers AWM, Gieler U, Lien L, Sampogna F, Tomas Aragones L, Vulink N, Finlay AY, Legat FJ, Titeca G, Jemec GB, Misery L, Szabó C, Grivcheva Panovska V, Spillekom van Koulil S, Balieva F, Szepietowski JC, Reich A, Ferreira BR, Lvov A, Romanov D, Marron SE, Gracia Cazaña T, Elyas A, Altunay IK, Thompson AR, van Beugen S, Ständer S, and Schut C
- Subjects
- Humans, Female, Male, Europe, Middle Aged, Adult, Skin Diseases psychology, Quality of Life, Stereotyping, Surveys and Questionnaires, Aged, Severity of Illness Index, Pruritus psychology, Depression psychology, Stress, Psychological psychology, Anxiety psychology
- Abstract
Background: Itch as the most common symptom in dermatology has been shown to be related to psychological factors such as stress, anxiety and depression. Moreover, associations were found between perceived stigmatization and itch. However, studies investigating the differences between patients with dermatoses with and without itch regarding perceived stress, stigmatization, anxiety and depression are missing. Therefore, one of the aims of the second study of the European Society for Dermatology and Psychiatry (ESDaP study II) was to investigate these relationships in a large cohort of patients with different itchy dermatoses., Results: 3399 patients with 14 different itchy dermatoses were recruited at 22 centres in 17 European countries. They filled in questionnaires to assess perceived stigmatization, stress, signs of clinically relevant anxiety or depression, itch-related quality of life, the overall health status, itch duration, frequency and intensity. The most significant association between the severity of itching and the perception of stress was observed among individuals with rosacea (correlation coefficient r = 0.314). Similarly, the strongest links between itch intensity and experiences of stigmatization, anxiety, and depression were found in patients with seborrheic dermatitis (correlation coefficients r = 0.317, r = 0.356, and r = 0.400, respectively). Utilizing a stepwise linear regression analysis, it was determined that within the entire patient cohort, 9.3% of the variation in itch intensity could be accounted for by factors including gender, levels of anxiety, depression, and perceived stigmatization. Females and individuals with elevated anxiety, depression, and perceived stigmatization scores reported more pronounced itch intensities compared to those with contrary attributes., Conclusion: This study underscores the connection between experiencing itch and its intensity and the psychological strain it places on individuals. Consequently, psychological interventions should encompass both addressing the itch itself and the interconnected psychological factors. In specific cases, it becomes imperative for dermatologists to direct individuals towards suitable healthcare resources to undergo further psychological assessment., (© 2024 The Authors. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology.)
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- 2024
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32. Death anxiety among caregivers of patients with advanced cancer: a cross-sectional survey.
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Ying L, Yuyu D, Qinqin Z, Yu Y, Qingxuan N, and Zhihuan Z
- Subjects
- Humans, Male, Female, Middle Aged, Cross-Sectional Studies, Surveys and Questionnaires, Adult, Aged, China, Attitude to Death, Caregivers psychology, Neoplasms psychology, Anxiety etiology, Anxiety epidemiology, Quality of Life, Social Support
- Abstract
Purpose: This study aimed to investigate death anxiety (DA) in caregivers of patients with advanced cancer and identify associated factors in the context of Chinese culture., Methods: Caregivers (N = 588) of advanced cancer patients in a tertiary cancer hospital completed anonymous questionnaire surveys. Measures included the Chinese version of the Templer Death Anxiety Scale (C-T-DAS), the Quality-of-Life Scale, the State-Trait Anxiety Scale, and the Social Support Rating Scale. Data were analyzed in SPSS (IBM Corp, Armonk, NY, USA) using descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation test, and linear regression., Results: Respondents returned 588 (93.03%) of the 632 questionnaires. The total C-T-DAS score was 7.92 ± 2.68 points. The top-scoring dimension was "Stress and pain" (3.19 ± 1.29 points), followed by "Emotion" (2.28 ± 1.31 points) and "Cognition" (1.40 ± 0.94 points). In contrast, the lowest-scoring dimension was "Time" (1.06 ± 0.77 points). Factors associated with DA (R
2 = 0.274, F = 13.348, p < 0.001) included quality of life (QoL), trait anxious personality, social support, caregiver length of care, caregiver gender, and patients' level of activities of daily living (ADL)., Conclusions: Our results demonstrated high levels of DA in caregivers of patients with advanced cancer. Generally, female caregivers and those with low social support had high DA. Caregivers caring for patients with low ADL levels or with a low QoL and trait anxious personality reported high DA. Certain associated factors help to reduce caregivers DA. Social interventions are recommended to improve the end-of-life transition and trait anxious personality as well as quality of life for caregivers., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)- Published
- 2024
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33. Impact of Coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic in children with functional abdominal pain disorders: Data from long-term follow-up.
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Martinelli M, Strisciuglio C, Lu P, Lev MRB, Beinvogl B, Di Lorenzo C, Cenni S, Nurko S, Pearlstein H, Rosen R, Shamir R, and Staiano A
- Subjects
- Humans, Child, Female, Male, Adolescent, Follow-Up Studies, Prospective Studies, SARS-CoV-2, Surveys and Questionnaires, Severity of Illness Index, Pandemics, COVID-19 epidemiology, COVID-19 psychology, COVID-19 complications, Quality of Life, Abdominal Pain etiology, Quarantine psychology, Anxiety epidemiology
- Abstract
Objective: We aimed to compare symptom frequency and severity in children with functional abdominal pain disorders (FAPDs) and to evaluate anxiety, quality of life (QoL) and global health during Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) related quarantine and after 17 months., Methods: Children diagnosed with FAPDs between October 2019 and February 2020 at 5 different centers were enrolled and prospectively interviewed during the COVID-19 quarantine and 17 months later when schools, hospital services, and routine activities had re-opened to the public. The patients were asked to complete the Rome IV questionnaire, the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 4.0 (PedsQL 4.0) Generic Core Scale, the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) anxiety and global health questionnaires. Data about COVID-19 infection and its clinical outcome were also collected., Results: Ninety-nine out of 180 (55%) children completed the follow-up. The number of patients reporting a worsening of their symptoms was significantly higher at follow-up when compared to the quarantine period (24/99 [24.2%] vs. 12/99 [12.1%]; p = 0.04). The PedsQL 4.0 subtotal score at follow-up significantly decreased at 17 months of follow-up (65.57 [0-100]) when compared to the quarantine (71 [0-100], p = 0.03). Emotional functioning was the most significantly reduced (Follow-up: 64.7 [0-100] vs. Quarantine: 75 [0-100]; p = 0.006). We did not identify significant differences in symptoms and QoL between COVID-19 infected children and the remaining cohort at the two time points., Conclusions: An improvement of symptoms and QoL was observed during the quarantine, followed by a worsening at-follow-up. These findings reinforce the hypothesis that the nest effect overweighted COVID-19 fears during the quarantine and highlight the importance of psychological factors in symptom exacerbation., (© 2024 European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition and North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition.)
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- 2024
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34. Cancer worry at higher-risk sample of hereditary cancer in Spain.
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Costa-Requena G, Richart-Aznar P, and Segura-Huerta Á
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- Humans, Female, Male, Cross-Sectional Studies, Middle Aged, Spain epidemiology, Adult, Neoplasms psychology, Neoplasms epidemiology, Risk Factors, Aged, Genetic Predisposition to Disease psychology, Stress, Psychological epidemiology, Stress, Psychological psychology, Young Adult, Depression epidemiology, Depression psychology, Prevalence, Psychological Distress, Surveys and Questionnaires, Adolescent, Anxiety epidemiology, Anxiety psychology
- Abstract
Background: Few studies have examined the prevalence of cancer worry in the general and at-risk population. The objective of this study was to describe the prevalence of cancer worry in a sample of individuals at increased risk of developing hereditary cancer, determine differences in cancer worry by socio-demographic characteristics and assess the relationship between cancer worry and psychological distress., Methods: A cross-sectional study was designed with 895 patients. The Cancer Worry Scale (CWS), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) for psychological distress and sociodemographic characteristics were examined. The multiple linear regression model was developed to explore what variables were predicted for cancer worry. To identify variables associated with higher cancer worry scores, a logistic model was fitted., Results: In the at-higher-risk sample of hereditary cancer, the mean of CWS was 10.20 (SD: 3.70). The significant predictors for cancer worry were gender, age, previous psychiatric treatment, patients affected by cancer and having children. In the sample, 38% of patients had higher scores on cancer worry, the variables associated were patients affected by cancer compared, women, widow/divorced participants, less than secondary school, patients with previous psychiatric treatment and patients less than 55 years old. Using the HADS cutoff score 29% of the sample showed significant psychological distress, more anxiety (35%) than depressive (22%) symptomatology. Psychological distress showed a higher variability (36%) on cancer worry., Conclusion: Findings highlighted distinctive profiles in socio-demographic characteristics according to the degree of cancer worry; therefore, genetic counseling should continue to be provided to address cancer worry and relieve psychological distress., (Copyright © 2023 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2024
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35. Quality of life and death anxiety among caregivers of patients with advanced cancer: the mediating effect of trait anxious personality and the moderating effect of social support.
- Author
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Ying L, Yuyu D, Qinqin Z, and Zhihuan Z
- Subjects
- Humans, Male, Female, Middle Aged, Adult, Aged, Attitude to Death, Surveys and Questionnaires, Quality of Life psychology, Caregivers psychology, Neoplasms psychology, Social Support, Anxiety psychology, Anxiety etiology, Personality
- Abstract
Purpose: To explore the mediating role of trait anxious personality in the association between quality of life (QoL) and death anxiety (DA), as well as to test the moderating effect of social support in the mediation model., Methods: The Death Anxiety Scale, Quality of Life Scale, State-Trait Anxiety Scale, and Social Support Rating Scale were used to measure 588 family caregivers of advanced cancer patients. We then constructed a moderated mediation model., Results: The presence of QoL was negatively associated with DA (β = - 0.67, p < 0.01). Trait anxious personality partially mediated the relationship between QoL and DA (indirect effect β = - 0.08, p < 0.01). Social support moderated both the antecedent and subsequent segments of the mediating paths of "QoL → trait anxious personality → DA" and the direct relationship between QoL and DA. Among caregivers with a low level of social support, the mediating effect coefficient of trait anxious personality was higher at 0.25 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.059-0.182), in contrast to caregivers with a high level of social support, where the mediating effect coefficient of trait anxious personality was 0.11 (95% CI: 0.029-0.072)., Conclusion: QoL is directly associated with an increased risk of DA and indirectly related to DA by increasing the risk of trait anxious personality among caregivers. Social support can moderate the mediating effect of trait anxious personality and the relationship between QoL and DA. The intervention strategy for preventing DA among caregivers who have encountered QoL reduction should focus on reducing trait anxious personality and social support., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)
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- 2024
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36. Signs of front-line healthcare professionals' information anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic: Grounded theory study in a Wuhan hospital.
- Author
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Lu Q, Tao L, Peng X, and Chen J
- Subjects
- Humans, China epidemiology, Female, Male, Adult, SARS-CoV-2, Health Personnel psychology, Pandemics, Middle Aged, COVID-19 psychology, COVID-19 epidemiology, Grounded Theory, Anxiety psychology, Qualitative Research
- Abstract
Aim: Being front-line healthcare professionals is associated with possible severe information anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic. Investigating signs of information anxiety is the first and key step of its targeted medical intervention. This study aims to explore the signs of front-line healthcare professionals' information anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic., Design: This study is qualitative research. Grounded theory was used to classify information anxiety signs of front-line healthcare professionals., Methods: Twenty-four front-line healthcare professionals from a general hospital with over 5000 beds in Wuhan were recruited to participate in semi-structured interviews. According to the frequency and frequency variation of signs appearing in interviews, the trends of signs during the virus encounter, lockdown, flattening and second wave were compared. Based on the interviews, those signs that were conceptually related to each other were extracted to construct a conceptual model., Results: Psychological signs (emotion, worry, doubt, caution, hope), physical signs (insomnia, inattention, memory loss, appetite decreased) and behavioural signs (panic buying of goods, be at a loss, pay attention to relevant information, change habits) could be generalized from 13 subcategories of information anxiety signs. Psychological signs were the most in every period of the pandemic. Furthermore, psychological signs decreased significantly during lockdown, while behavioural and physical signs increased. Finally, severe psychological and behavioural signs were associated with physical signs., (© 2024 The Author(s). Nursing Open published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
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- 2024
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37. Associations between social engagement, internalizing symptoms, and delusional ideation in the general population.
- Author
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Hall LM, Moussa-Tooks AB, and Sheffield JM
- Subjects
- Humans, Female, Male, Adult, Middle Aged, Psychotic Disorders psychology, Psychotic Disorders epidemiology, Young Adult, Aged, Adolescent, Social Participation psychology, Self Report, Social Support, Delusions psychology, Delusions epidemiology, Depression psychology, Depression epidemiology, Anxiety psychology, Anxiety epidemiology
- Abstract
Background: Delusions are a hallmark feature of psychotic disorders and lead to significant clinical and functional impairment. Internalizing symptoms-such as symptoms of depression, anxiety, and trauma exposure-are commonly cited to be related to delusions and delusional ideation and are often associated with deficits in social functioning. While emerging studies are investigating the impact of low social engagement on psychotic-like experiences, little work has examined the relationship between social engagement, internalizing symptoms, and delusional ideation, specifically., Methods: Using general population data from the Nathan Kline Institute-Rockland (NKI-Rockland) database (N = 526), we examined the relationships between self-reported delusional ideation, internalizing symptoms, and social engagement and tested four indirect effect models to understand how these factors interrelate., Results: Delusional ideation was significantly associated with both increased internalizing symptoms (r = 0.41, p < 0.001) and lower social engagement (r = - 0.14, p = 0.001). Within aspects of social engagement, perceived emotional support showed the strongest relationship with delusional ideation (r = - 0.17, p < 0.001). Lower social engagement was also significantly associated with increased internalizing symptoms (r = - 0.29, p < 0.001). Cross-sectional models suggest that internalizing symptoms have a significant indirect effect on the association between delusional ideation and social engagement., Conclusions: These findings reveal that elevated delusional ideation in the general population is associated with lower social engagement. Elevated internalizing symptoms appear to play a critical role in reducing engagement, possibly exacerbating delusional thinking. Future work should examine the causal and temporal relationships between these factors., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany.)
- Published
- 2024
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38. A large-scale study on the prevalence of math anxiety in Qatar.
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Megreya AM, Al-Emadi AA, Al-Ahmadi AM, Moustafa AA, and Szűcs D
- Subjects
- Humans, Qatar epidemiology, Male, Female, Prevalence, Adolescent, Child, Anxiety epidemiology, Students psychology, Students statistics & numerical data, Mathematics
- Abstract
Background: Math anxiety (MA) is a worldwide appearing academic anxiety that can affect student mental health and deter students from math and science-related career choices., Method: Using the Arabic version of the Modified-Abbreviated Math Anxiety Scale (m-AMAS), the prevalence of MA was investigated in a very large sample of students (N = 10093) from grades 7 to 12 in Qatar., Results: The results showed a better fit to the original two-factor model of the m-AMAS (learning MA and Evaluation MA) than to a single-factor solution. This two-factor model was also confirmed in each grade. Notably, the distribution of MA scores was right-skewed, especially for learning MA. Using the inter-quartiles ranges, norms for MA were provided: A score of ≤16 indicates low MA whereas a score of ≥30 identifies high MA. Previous studies conducted in Western countries defined high math-anxious students as those who score above the 90th percentile corresponding to a score of 30 on the m-AMAS. Using this cut-off criterion, the current study found that one-fifth of students in Qatar were highly math-anxious, with a higher proportion of females than males. We also calculated the percentage of participants selecting each response category for each questionnaire item. Results showed that attending a long math class was the context that elicited the highest levels of learning MA. In contrast, having an unexpected math test was the situation that triggered the highest levels of evaluation MA., Conclusion: The prevalence of MA might vary across different cultures., (© 2024 British Psychological Society.)
- Published
- 2024
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39. The Transformation of Being in Mahmoud Darwish's 'The Dice Player': A Heideggerian Perspective
- Author
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Ghnaim, Feda, Khoury, Ogareet, Alkhawaja, Linda, Mahmoud, Hafieza Mohamm, and Badrakhan, Sawsan Saad Eddeen
- Abstract
This research paper aimed to study the transformation of Being in Mahmoud Darwish's last poem "The Dice Player" through a Heideggerian framework analysis. It took Heidegger's famous quote "The poets are in the vanguard of a changed conception of Being" as a point of departure in investigating and unveiling the assumed transformation in the Darwishian Being in the poem. By employing a descriptive-interpretative qualitative research method, the paper argued that "The Dice Player" depicted Darwish's implicit and explicit changed conception of his own Being which Heidegger called 'minemess' particularly in relation to his amour propre, his perception of Death and the 'Other'. The findings reveal that the Darwishian changed conception of Being, which was driven by his anxiety and submission to death, gave rise to a new Darwishian Being. The new Darwishian Being developed a different perception of himself ("amour propre"), death and others in "The Dice Player" when compared to his previous poems. Therefore, the paper concluded that Darwish seemingly joined "the vanguard of a changed conception of Being" by showing a transformation in his Being at three different levels.
- Published
- 2023
40. The Mindful Interactions (MI) Tool: Promoting Student Mental Health in Tertiary Education
- Author
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Elspeth Stephenson and Helen Yost
- Abstract
This conceptual paper introduces the Mindful Interactions (MI) tool designed to enable university teaching academics to promote student mental health and in so doing, impact positively on academic outcomes. The MI tool is comprised of three elements: "understandings" to provide theoretical guidance which inform pedagogy, "practices" to provide strategies for translating theory into practice, and "guiding principles" which provide a catalyst for critical reflexion, challenge existing beliefs, and create a shared vision from which to work. Relationships are at its core, acknowledging that university students report teacher-student relationships as key to their mental health. Issues related to university student mental health, of which psychological distress is an important component, have been well documented and exacerbated since the onset of COVID-19, increasing demands on universities to meet student mental health needs. It is contended in this paper that understanding the causes of psychological distress, particularly in relation to Adverse Childhood Experiences, offers an alternative lens through which to view student mental health. This lens suggests additional ways of thinking about how university teaching academics and universities might proactively respond to student mental health needs. Cultural Historical Activity Theory informed the theoretical framework for the study, whilst two 'approaches' (the 'Three Pillars of Trauma-informed Care' and 'Trust Based Relational Intervention') along with associated trauma literature underpinned the development of the MI tool.
- Published
- 2023
41. [Comments on the paper by D. Daub and R. Kirschner-Hermanns. Lessening of preoperative anxiety--comparative study of music, thalamonal and no premedication].
- Author
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Sold M
- Subjects
- Humans, Anxiety prevention & control, Preoperative Care
- Published
- 1990
42. Emotions in Online Language Learning: Exploratory Findings from an 'Ab Initio' Korean Course
- Author
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Nicola Fraschini and Yu Tao
- Abstract
Existing studies on language learner emotions mainly focus on Foreign Language Anxiety (FLA) and Foreign Language Enjoyment (FLE). They are primarily conducted in offline learning settings. This paper reports the empirical findings of an exploratory investigation conducted in a fully synchronous online learning environment for "ab initio" Korean. Through an Achievement Emotions Questionnaire administered to 117 students in an Australian university, this study measures learners' pride as well as their enjoyment and anxiety during four teaching weeks. In addition, this paper examines how learner emotions correlate with academic achievement as well as crucial learner and teacher variables. The study confirms many patterns of learner emotions in offline teaching environments, such as the association of positive emotions with positive outcomes and with some teacher characteristics, and the association of anxiety with negative outcomes. However, it also reveals patterns that appear to be new, warranting further empirical studies. The pedagogical implications of results for L2 teaching and learning are also discussed.
- Published
- 2024
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43. Heidegger and Freud: A comment on the paper "Truth, anxiety and the contribution of Heidegger's phenomenological ontology to psychoanalytic conceptualization and practice" by Shoshani et al.
- Author
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Lehtonen, Johannes
- Subjects
- *
ANXIETY , *ONTOLOGY , *PSYCHOANALYSIS , *PSYCHOANALYSTS - Abstract
My comment on the interdisciplinary study of Heidegger and Freud by Shoshani et al. is focused on the semantic and conceptual differences between these thinkers concerning the meaning of truth and the role of anxiety. Heidegger emphasizes truth as a philosophical goal, whereas for Freud truth is a challenge to study the dynamic functions of the human mind by avoiding predetermined answers. The authors describe convincingly how Heidegger and Freud tread on the same phenomenological terrain. Their approaches differ, however, in their respective goals. For Heidegger, the goal is a new philosophical understanding of the sense of being defined by him as Dasein. For Freud, the goal is to understand the dynamics of the human mind in a two-person clinical relationship. This difference in their goals also implies a difference in their ontological approach. On the other hand, Shoshani et al. highlight the value of Heidegger's view of anxiety as a trigger that calls for a search for increased understanding. According to the authors, this point is important, as it opens a shared humane way to treat people with severely disturbed mental conditions. In this respect, the understanding of the meaning of anxiety by Heidegger can also inspire clinical work and thereby open perspectives common with psychoanalysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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44. The Impact of School Closures on Learners' Mental Health in the Context of COVID-19 in the City of Cape Town
- Author
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Thulani Andrew Chauke and Olusegun Samson Obadire
- Abstract
This paper explores the negative impact of the shutdown of contact-based learning on learners' mental health as a result of COVID-19 and provides recommendations to promote learners' mental health during and post COVID-19. A qualitative research method was used to guide the collection and analysis of the data. Data was collected from a sample of 20 learners from Cape Town and analysed through thematic analysis. The study findings revealed that with the shutdown of contact-based learning as one of the COVID-19 containment measures by the government learners experienced social anxiety disorder and sleeping disorder. Youth policymakers need to design interventions that promote mental health in after-school programmes implemented by qualified youth workers and social workers. Youth workers should take the courses of action in a non-formal education to promote youth mental health.
- Published
- 2024
45. The entangled becoming in humanities doctoral education
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Nuriler, Hatice and Bengtsen, Søren S.E.
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- 2024
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46. Adult colouring: the effect of app-based vs. pen-and-paper colouring on mindfulness and anxiety
- Author
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Michail Mantzios, Hafsah Hussain, Amirah Hussain, Helen Egan, and Paraic Scanlon
- Subjects
anxiety ,mindfulness ,colouring/colouring books ,mandala ,colouring applications ,Medicine ,Psychology ,BF1-990 - Published
- 2019
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47. Determining confidence and anxiety of Australian community podiatrists in managing foot ulceration: A cross-sectional study.
- Author
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Anning N, Stokes-Parish J, Banwell H, Causby R, Walsh A, and Tehan P
- Subjects
- Humans, Cross-Sectional Studies, Male, Female, Australia, Middle Aged, Adult, Clinical Competence statistics & numerical data, Aged, Attitude of Health Personnel, Surveys and Questionnaires, Podiatry, Diabetic Foot therapy, Diabetic Foot psychology, Anxiety etiology, Anxiety therapy
- Abstract
Background: Diabetes related foot ulcer (DFU) is a leading cause of impaired quality of life, disability, hospitalisation, amputation and mortality in people with diabetes. It is therefore critical that podiatrists across all settings, including community settings, are confident and capable of providing care for diabetes-related foot complications. This study aims to describe current practice, confidence and anxiety levels of community podiatrists in the management of patients with foot ulceration. Furthermore, current barriers to service provision and interest in future educational opportunities will also be explored., Methods: An online cross-sectional survey was distributed to Australian community podiatrists. Descriptive variables including gender, age, professional experience, practice location and practise setting were elicited. A modified competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 (CSAI-2) was utilised to measure anxiety related to managing a foot ulcer. Other questions included a combination of multiple choice and open-ended free-text responses relating to assessment, confidence and referral pathways., Results: One hundred and twenty-two Australian community-based podiatrists responded to the survey. A variety of ulcer sizes and complexity were reported to be managed in community settings. Confidence in DFU management was high in most manual skill domains including: stabilisation of the foot (85.7%, standard deviation [SD] 17.42), scalpel control (83.0%, SD 20.02), debridement with a scalpel (82.7%, SD 18.19) and aseptic technique (81.0%, SD 18.62, maintaining integrity of healthy tissue (77.3%, SD 21.11), removal of appropriate tissue (75.6%, SD 22.53), depth of ulceration (73.7%, SD 23.99) and ability to manage messy wounds (69.1%, SD 26.04). Curette debridement had substantially lower levels of reported confidence (41.0%, SD 34.24). Performance anxiety was low with somatic and cognitive anxiety of 6/24 and 3/8 on the CSAI-2, respectively., Conclusion: Community podiatrists are managing foot ulcers of varying size and complexity. Confidence and anxiety do not pose a barrier to care. Adherence to wound assessment clinical guidelines is low and confidence with the use of curette was sub-optimal. Further educational programs may overcome these barriers and support shared models of care between community and acute podiatry services., (© 2024 The Author(s). Journal of Foot and Ankle Research published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Australian Podiatry Association and The Royal College of Podiatry.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Cross-sectional study examining the association between diet quality and the prevalence of anxiety and depression in UK undergraduate students.
- Author
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Myrissa K, Court C, and Kelaiditi E
- Subjects
- Humans, Female, Male, Cross-Sectional Studies, Young Adult, United Kingdom epidemiology, Prevalence, Universities, Adult, Adolescent, Surveys and Questionnaires, Depression epidemiology, Anxiety epidemiology, Students psychology, Students statistics & numerical data, Diet
- Abstract
The prevalence of mental health issues among UK undergraduate students is growing, and poor diet quality appears to be a risk factor for poor mental health although with limited research in this area. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine the cross-sectional associations between diet quality and common mental disorders (CMD) such as depression and anxiety in UK undergraduate students. A cross-sectional survey consisting of demographic information and validated questionnaires (the Short-Form Food Frequency Questionnaire [SFFFQ] and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale [HADS]) was conducted to measure diet quality and anxiety and depression in young adults in 44 UK-based universities. Multiple regression analysis adjusting for confounding factors was used to assess the associations between them. Undergraduate university students (n = 202, 67% female) with a mean age of 20.9 ± 3.6 years and a mean body mass index (n = 170) of 22.6 ± 3.2 kg/m
2 took part in the study. Prevalence of anxiety was high, with 40% of the sample having an anxiety score in the severe range (≥12 points) while the prevalence of depression was lower, with 6% of the population having a depression score in the severe range (≥12 points). Diet quality was significantly higher for females than males (p = 0.034) and was poor for 38% of the sample, being more common in males compared to females, although not significantly so (43% and 36%, respectively). Diet quality was inversely associated with anxiety (β = -0.427; p = 0.029) and was more likely to be associated with anxiety in females than males (β = 0.743; p = 0.043). No significant relationship between diet quality and depression was found. Better self-reported health, father's qualification and smoking status were also associated with less anxiety and depression. This research supports other research suggesting that UK universities should explore whether the implementation of dietary interventions and improving the food environment would be a cost-effective option to reduce the high prevalence of anxiety among students., (© 2024 The Author(s). Nutrition Bulletin published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of British Nutrition Foundation.)- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Web-based intervention for young adults experiencing anxiety and hazardous alcohol use: Study protocol for an 18-month randomized controlled trial.
- Author
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Prior K, Baillie AJ, Newton N, Lee YY, Deady M, Guckel T, Wade L, Rapee RM, Hudson JL, Kay-Lambkin F, Slade T, Chatterton ML, Mihalopoulos C, Teesson MR, and Stapinski LA
- Subjects
- Humans, Young Adult, Adolescent, Adult, Australia, Male, Female, Alcohol Drinking psychology, Cost-Benefit Analysis, Internet-Based Intervention, Anxiety therapy
- Abstract
Background and Aims: Alcohol use and anxiety often co-occur, causing increased severity impairment. This protocol describes a randomized controlled trial (RCT) that aims to test the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of a web-based, self-guided alcohol and anxiety-focused program, compared with a web-based brief alcohol-focused program, for young adults who drink at hazardous levels and experience anxiety. It will also test moderators and mechanisms of change underlying the intervention effects., Design: This RCT will be conducted with a 1:1 parallel group., Setting: The study will be a web-based trial in Australia., Participants: Individuals aged 17-30 years who drink alcohol at hazardous or greater levels and experience at least mild anxiety (n = 500) will be recruited through social media, media (TV, print) and community networks., Intervention and Comparator: Participants will be randomly allocated to receive a web-based, integrated alcohol-anxiety program plus technical and motivational telephone/e-mail support (intervention) or a web-based brief alcohol-feedback program (control)., Measurements: Clinical measures will be assessed at baseline, post-intervention (2 months), 6 months (primary end-point), 12 months and 18 months. Co-primary outcomes are hazardous alcohol consumption and anxiety symptom severity. Secondary outcomes are binge-drinking frequency; alcohol-related consequences; depression symptoms; clinical diagnoses of alcohol use or anxiety disorder (at 6 months post-intervention), health-care service use, educational and employment outcomes; and quality of life. Mediators and moderators will also be assessed. Efficacy will be tested using mixed models for repeated measures within an intention-to-treat framework. The economic evaluation will analyze individual-level health and societal costs and outcomes of participants between each trial arm, while mediation models will test for mechanisms of change., Comments: This will be the first trial to test whether a developmentally targeted, web-based, integrated alcohol-anxiety intervention is effective in reducing hazardous alcohol use and anxiety severity among young adults. If successful, the integrated alcohol-anxiety program will provide an accessible intervention that can be widely disseminated to improve wellbeing of young adults, at minimal cost., (© 2024 The Authors. Addiction published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society for the Study of Addiction.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Debating the Research Paper
- Author
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Gersten, Karen
- Published
- 1995
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