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Genetic recombination is a major evolutionary mechanism among RNA viruses, and it is common in coronaviruses, including those infecting humans. A few SARS-CoV-2 recombinants have been reported to date whose genome harbored combinations of mutations from different mutants or variants, but only a single patient’s sample was analyzed, and the virus was not isolated. Here, we report the gradual emergence of a hybrid genome of B.1.160 and Alpha variants in a lymphoma patient chronically infected for 14 months, and we isolated the recombinant virus. The hybrid genome was obtained by next-generation sequencing, and the recombination sites were confirmed by PCR. This consisted of a parental B.1.160 backbone interspersed with two fragments, including the spike gene, from an Alpha variant. An analysis of seven sequential samples from the patient decoded the recombination steps, including the initial infection with a B.1.160 variant, then a concurrent infection with this variant and an Alpha variant, the generation of hybrid genomes, and eventually the emergence of a predominant recombinant virus isolated at the end of the patient’s follow-up. This case exemplifies the recombination process of SARS-CoV-2 in real life, and it calls for intensifying the genomic surveillance in patients coinfected with different SARS-CoV-2 variants, and more generally with several RNA viruses, as this may lead to the appearance of new viruses.

The mining sector has been the engine of Peru’s remarkable growth. Through tax revenues, it contributed to the sharp reduction in poverty since the 1990s. Thus governments from all political backgrounds have supported large private investments in the mining sector to ensure social spending. Nevertheless, the growth has been geographically and socially inequitable and the balance of power has remained in favor of the big mining groups, nourishing the soil of social conflicts around mining projects. Although the current government is caught between economic pragmatism and political issues, it does not question the « neo-extractive » development model of the country.

Este artículo tiene por objeto entender la particularidad del voto de los pobres en las elecciones presidenciales peruanas, desde la transición democrática en 1978 hasta la elección del presidente Ollanta Humala en 2011. Haciendo uso de la cartografía y de las estadísticas, el análisis presenta las tendencias de la participación. Presenta también las especificidades del voto de las zonas más pobres, primero dentro del sistema de partidos políticos en la década de 1980, y luego en una relación más personal del candidato con la población. Revela la oposición progresiva de los votos de los distritos pobres de Lima por una parte y de provincias pobres y muy pobres de los Andes por otra parte. Este artículo demuestra la creciente conciencia de los electores pobres en cuanto al candidato como individual y, más recientemente, en cuanto a su origen étnico.

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