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The article presents the argument that greater equality in the distribution of costs and rewards of development is demanded by the value system of the Filipino and by the development process itself. Important steps toward equality would be agrarian reform, educational reform, and tax reform. For these to be carried out there is need for organized pressure from below. There is need also for strong and efficient government, whether it will in the long run be democratic depends on the attention given to genuine education and human development at the broad base of society. The aspirations of the great majority of the people for a higher standard of material welfare are evident and reflected in many surveys. Per capita income figures demonstrate that the Philippines is a poor nation and that a reasonable level of material welfare cannot be provided by redistribution alone Economic development and accelerated economic development are absolutely necessary if the Philippines is to meet the rising demands of its constantly increasing population.

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Sociology is the property of Canadian Journal of Sociology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Although Western Balkan economies are still on the list of EU candidates or potential candidate countries, they do have some integration with EU economies. The EU is the leading trading partner of the Western Balkans and is one of the top destinations for the flow of people. The Western Balkan economies have been trying to address their populations' ongoing emigration (the so-called "brain drain" phenomenon) by implementing targeted economic policies. Since one of the main contributors to economic growth is the ability to create innovation, it is crucial to building innovation potential. The main challenge for innovation policy is to provide a favourable environment for entrepreneurship and economic growth to create jobs. Thus, this paper aims to examine innovation potential - an innovation input - as it creates the conditions needed for innovation development. The results of analysing the data (on research and development spending, human resources, an environment friendly to innovation, and intellectual property rights) indicate that the Western Balkan countries are lagging behind the EU in many aspects of innovation potential, so they should still develop their strategies towards creating higher innovation potential. Thus, they will be able to have a higher level of innovation and, as a result, be more competitive in economic terms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper brings historical evidence to bear on the stylized fact that the yield curve predicts future growth. The spread between corporate bonds and commercial paper reliably predicts future growth over the period 1875-1997. This predictability varies over time, however, and has been strongest in the post-World War II period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As one of the most important macroeconomic regulation methods, fiscal and tax policy is supposed to play an active role in green economic transformation. Industrial structure optimization is a fundamental approach to address environmental problems, which has been fully demonstrated in the current studies. It is necessary to identify whether the fiscal and tax policy can promote the green economic transition through optimizing industrial structure. Taking property tax policy as an example, this paper investigates whether fiscal and tax policy promotes the green transformation of the urban economy from the perspective of industrial structure upgrading. The results show that the fiscal and tax policy implemented for a certain industry has a significant positive spillover effect on the optimization of the city's overall industrial structure. Scientific and reasonable fiscal and tax policy accelerates the intensive development of urban economy by promoting the upgrading of urban industry. These findings suggest that in terms of cities in the new and old kinetic energy transformation period, government should consider the upgrading of industrial structure in the formulation of fiscal and tax policy and attach great importance to the green development of urban economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The primary objective of this conceptual paper is to provide the reader with a methodological toolkit for analysing China's transition to a new economic trajectory based on qualitative production factors such as research and development and innovation, as well as highly skilled human capital, etc., which thereby could help the country in escaping the middle-income trap. The nature of the proposed methodology is impact assessment, i.e., the paper discusses the ways and means of assessing and predicting the impact of policy measures on the economy. The use of a specific set of indicators and the application of the DEA-SBM and the PSM-DID models is proposed for quantitative analyses amended by the Markov Chain Model for predictions. The main contribution of this paper to the existing body of knowledge is the proposition of a comprehensive model for evaluating economic development in general. By exploring the role of economic policies, a deeper understanding can be obtained of how the economy should be reformed and developed. It is a valuable and practical approach to compare differences and solve problems at the macro, mezzo, and microeconomic levels that can be applied to other regions and countries facing similar challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the rise of household debt and its impact on class relations and the sustainability of capitalism. The analysis begins with a historical perspective on the factors contributing to household debt growth, such as declining wages, increasing pressure on organized labor, and the need to maintain consumer demand in the face of declining profit margins. The paper then compares the dynamics of household debt across countries and examines Türkiye’s case in a global context. The findings suggest that unsustainable household debt levels, declining wages, and rising inequality; raise doubts about the long-term sustainability of capitalism as we know it. The paper advocates for rethinking economic policies and practices, prioritizing the well-being and prosperity of the majority. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Constraints and incentives of the ecological policy have an important impact on the coordinated development of ecological areas. Based on the panel data of 1613 counties in 23 provinces in China from 2002 to 2019, this paper analyzes the impact of this policy on economic development using the quasi-natural experiment of the transfer payment in national key ecological functional areas (TPNKEFA) and studies the impact of the transfer payment scale on economic development based on the panel threshold model. First, the results reveal that the TPNKEFA can significantly boost economic development, compared with the control group, TPNKEFA can increase gross domestic product (GDP) and per capita GDP by 6.14% and 10.72%, the results have been validated by some placebo tests, and the impact of this policy on economic development is sustained and effective. Second, heterogeneity results show that TPNKEFA has the greatest positive effect on the economic development in the eastern region, followed by the central region, and the least positive effect on the western region. Furthermore, the TPNKEFA facilitates local economic development primarily by increasing human capital in ecological functional areas. Third, the capital scale of TPNKEFA has the double-threshold effect on economic development, the larger the scale is, the stronger the effect is. The capital size of TPNKEFA has the greatest impact on regional economic growth in eastern region, whereas it has the weakest impact in western region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-wage regions have frequently been models for economic development policy. However, these places have also been more likely to experience a "hollowing out" of the middle of the labor market, whereby college-educated residents experience high-wage growth, while residents without a college degree do not. This paper studies regions where—in contrast to hollowing out—the share of middle-wage jobs has grown since 1980. Its aim is to understand how—if at all—the characteristics of these regions could suggest a model of economic development that prioritizes opportunities for noncollege graduates. The authors find that regions with a growing share of middle-wage jobs have been associated with higher levels of upward mobility and wage growth for workers without a college degree. These places, such as Wausau, Wisconsin, and Manhattan, Kansas, are associated with higher local school performance and have experienced comparatively high growth in production jobs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Throughout history, Islamic civilization has witnessed several important events in economic progress. One of the problems faced by Islamic leaders in fostering the people was related to improving people's welfare. In the classical period, some Muslim figures became pioneers in economic policies. In a specific way, the paper tries to analyze economic policies promoted by prominent Muslim figures such as 'Umar bin Khattab, Umar bin' Abdul Aziz, Ghazan Khan, and Alauddin Khalji. By using descriptive analysis, this brief article discusses the economic policies applied by some of the mentioned figures through historical analysis. The data were gathered from books and journals. Throughout critical historical analysis, the paper concluded that some Muslim figures succeeded in bringing Muslims into economic advancement along with some of the policies they came up with. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper evaluates the relationship between human capital investment and economic growth in two sub-Saharan African countries (Kenya and South Africa). The paper applied a quantitative approach and secondary data were collected from the World Bank economic and education indicators from 1987 to 2016 (30 years). A cross sectional panel data arrangement gave a total of 60 observations and the fixed effect panel regression was applied using the Gretl econometrics package. The paper adds a nuance to previous methods and results by adding yearly time dummy in the model. Results show that investment in human capital is positively related to economic growth in the two sub-Saharan African countries. The paper highlights the significance results from time dummies, which shows that time is of essence in empirical analysis of this relationship and that investment in education would yield positive result on economic growth with timing considerations; this indicates that a waiting attitude is essential when investing in human capital. The paper recommends that economic policy makers should, in addition to universal primary education, commit more resources to secondary and university education to increase the stock of human capital in Africa as secondary and university education produce middle and high-level human capital. Improved policy that would fortify the colleges and universities in Africa would produce and retain quality human capital in Africa to spur economic growth. It also recommends that future research should consider the inclusion of yearly dummies when analysing the relationship between human capital investment and economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The role of the digital economy in economic transformation is increasingly prominent. This paper empirically examines how the digital economy affects TFP and its mechanism using Chinese provincial panel data. The results show that the impact of the digital economy on regional TFP is U-shaped. Further studies show that digital economy development may improve regional TFP through two channels: stimulating innovation and promoting entrepreneurship. In addition, we also discuss the role of active government, effective market, and high-level judicial protection in digital economic policies improving economic growth. Based on our research results, we put forward some policy recommendations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore how countries can make a more efficient and effective cooperation strategy, considering their competitive strengths and weaknesses.Design/methodology/approach This paper is an exploratory study in examining the efficient way of national cooperation from the competitiveness perspective. By applying the double diamond-based nine-factor model and the framework for the life cycle of national competitiveness, this study proposes the importance of cooperation strategy, considering the current competitiveness status. A case study of two economies of South Korea (hereafter referred to as Korea) and Dubai reveals a potentially substantial cooperative relationship.Findings Although Korea and Dubai are geographically and culturally distant, they share complementary resources to enhance their overall competitiveness. In addition, their past experiences of growth can effectively deal with their current challenges and help their economies move to more advanced stage.Practical implications The methodology used in this paper can provide a useful guideline for policy makers to examine the current development status of their economies, find an appropriate cooperation partner and decide the priority of cooperating areas.Originality/value Although most existing studies explain national competitiveness from a narrow perspective, this paper provides a more comprehensive analysis using the extended model of Porter’s single diamond model. In addition, this paper conducts an intensive case study of Dubai and Korea for possible cooperation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In line with the development of behavioural finance in developed markets, research on investor sentiment has increased in recent years. The primary purpose of this study is to investigate the development of research on investor sentiment in emerging and frontier markets. This study will help researchers understand the interest of authors and journals in finding appropriate coordinators and future research topics in this research field. Using bibliometric analysis, we assessed 508 documents between 1999 and 2020 located in the Scopus database. The results show that publications on investor sentiment in emerging and frontier markets grew steadily in the 21st century. "Herding behaviour" is the most prominent research theme in this area. In the following years, return predictability, principal component analysis, investor attention, and economic policy uncertainty with asymmetric effects are the dominant topics that have reshaped research on investor sentiment in emerging and frontier markets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The word poverty had been and is still one of the most familiar and serious problems facing different economies of the world. While the developed countries try to minimize this menace to some extent, other underdeveloped countries wallow in its dominance with impunity. Poverty has been identified to be more associated with rural country side, and linked with some known barriers for its reduction such as government failures, deprivation, inflation and diseases. In Nigeria, although several poverty alleviation policies and programmes have been implemented the problem still persists, it is against this background that this paper examines whether poverty alleviation policies could be a catalyst to the development of the economies of the south-Saharan region that is mostly affected. This paper finds out whether it is lack of democratization, inability to tap the abundance of human and natural resources in Nigeria that could be the bane for the persistent increases in the poverty status of the populace. The paper also suggests positive and attitudinal changes that could properly implement the numerous policies and programmes, to reduce poverty to the bearrest minimum, towards the development of the Nigerian economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The larger context of our research is the impact of the Romanian transportation infrastructure development on the nation's economy. In this paper we focus on presenting the inland waterways, canals and maritime transportation infrastructure, the volume of goods transported and some economic implications. The scope of the present study is to analyze data regarding the volume of goods transported on the inland waterways and maritime transportation infrastructure. The considered time-frame for this paper is from 1990 to 2019 and the data was collected from sources such as annual reports of Governmental Agencies, Eurostat and the National Institute of Statistics. We found that there is severe lack of reported data or even data inconsistency between authorities. As economic policy implications we mention the need for investments in maintenance, development, and modernization of infrastructure to stimulate the positive trend in volumes of goods transported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Finance & Financial Law / Finanse i Prawo Finansowe is the property of Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Lodzkiego and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The role of entrepreneurship in economic growth and development has been largely debated and acknowledged, both in literature and in policy making. Wihin the context of the present crisis, at a European level, entrepreneurship development is seen as the main solution for job creation and sustainable economic growth. As a consequence, there have been several calls and initiatives to make entrepreneurship the growth engine of European economy and to put the principle of ''think small first'' at the core of national and European policies. This paper discusses the challenges and the perspectives for entrepreneurship development in European countries from the point of view of the three areas of intervention proposed by Entrepreneurship 2020 Action Plan. The research methods are the analysis of different reports and policy papers and comparative analysis of statistical data from international databases. The main findings confirm the differences in entrepreneurial activity, level and nature of entrepreneurship existing at European level during the crisis, and also point out the strengths and weaknesses of European countries in the three areas proposed by the 2020 Action Plan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to review the literature on the growth drivers of start-up firms from the process perspective. Increasing scholarly attention to the growth of start-up firms has led to a more sophisticated understanding of their drivers. However, the richness of the results is partly offset by both potential and real contradictions in the literature. Design/methodology/approach – In this paper, 233 studies on the growth of start-up firms are reviewed using a process-oriented lens. Findings – The analysis reveals an imbalance in the use of variance-based empirical approaches to study the process-based phenomenon and some misalignments in the use of non-process-based empirical approaches to improve a process-based theory. Originality/value – This paper offers an original perspective from which to reconsider the relevant literature and provides useful recommendations for researchers to forge a path ahead in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this double issue of the Oxford Review of Economic Policy we publish a set of papers concerned with the mobilization of domestic and foreign capital in support of the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals that were launched in September 2015. The papers were originally presented at a conference on 'Financing for Development' organized by the International Monetary Fund and the Centre for Finance and Development at the Graduate Institute in Geneva in April 2015. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A stochastic framework for coordination of macroeconomic policies is introduced in this paper. It is suggested that: (i) measures of policy accountability should allow for the climate of uncertainty that surrounds policy decisions, and (ii) most models of aggregate economic activity impose arbitrary specifications of uncertainty that do not appear to be empirically justifiable. Ambiguities in interpreting the Humphrey-Hawkins reports of policy authorities are sketched in section II; a proposal for maximizing the ex ante prospects of policy objectives is illustrated in section III; finally, nonstationary allocations of uncertainty are discussed in sections IV and V. This paper provides a brief survey of ongoing work by members of the Federal Reserve Board staff on the role of uncertainty in policy forecasts. It suggests that policy discussion could be improved by more explicit consideration of the allocation of uncertainty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents abstracts of management literature. They include "Administration and Economic Development in India," edited by Ralph Braibanti and Joseph J. Spengler, "Automation and Technological Change," edited by John T. Dunlop, and "The Business Representative in Washington," by Paul W. Cherington and Ralph L. Gillen.

Copyright of TEME: Casopis za Društvene Nauke is the property of TEME: Casopis za Drustvene Nauke and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper is a continuation of the work by Panek [2013a], [2013b] and Panek and Runka [2011], with direct reference to [2013b]. The difference between this paper and paper [2013b] reveals when applying a different optimality criterion with the help of which growth processes are assessed. The optimality criterion in [2013b] is the value of production in the last period of a fixed planning horizon T={ 0 ,1 ,..., f } measured in von Neumann equilibrium prices. In this paper we take the total value of output (also measured in von Neumann prices) produced in the whole horizon T as a growth criterion. The aim of the paper is to prove that a change of growth criterion does not deprive the economy of its turnpike properties. It was pointed out that a Gale economy with a changeable technology convergent to the limit technology also preserves similar properties if we accept the social utility function (with standard properties) as a growth criterion. The paper consists of three sections. In Section 1 we present a non-stationary Galetype model with a limit technology. Section 2 contains proof of the so-called 'weak' turnpike theorem, whilst in Section 3 we prove a 'strong' version of the turnpike theorem for the economy under investigation. The paper closes with final comments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the applicability of economic policies and other developmentalist governmental actions to financialized economies. It mobilizes the theoretical-methodological regulationist principles for a historical and institutional macro-analysis. After a brief review of the concepts of the Regulation School, including the "economic policy regime" (Théret, 1992; Lordon, 2002; Boyer, 2015), the Brazilian case is analyzed as a remarkable example of institutional compatibility with rentier-financial accumulation to the detriment of the accumulation of productive fixed capital. Several indicators of this case are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An effective and accurate poverty-alleviation system is necessary for eradicating poverty and promoting regional economic and social growth. Performance evaluation plays a key role in developing a precise poverty-alleviation policy. However, systematic performance evaluation of precise poverty-alleviation efforts has been largely ignored in the literature. This study sorts the poverty-alleviation performance of 10 major urban areas in Shaanxi Province using the count and analysis method. The empirical findings show that among poverty indexes, the yield of agricultural products has the greatest impact on poverty alleviation. Furthermore, the poverty-alleviation performance of Xianyang, Weinan, and Ankang is relatively high. The efforts of Xi'an and Baoji are at the middle level, and those of Tongchuan and Yan'an are at a relatively low level. This paper identifies the poverty alleviation performance status for each area at the indicator level and then offers a corresponding analysis and proposes countermeasures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents an overview of this issue in relation to the periodical's twentieth anniversary. The author discusses the organization of a anniversary panel in London, England to mark the occasion, and to review articles from the history of the periodical focusing on economic-policy development during these 20 years. The article also provides an introduction to other articles presented in this issue, including one concerning the evolution of exchange-rate management, the effects of government debts on interest rates, and higher education reform in Europe.

This article reassesses the links between aid, policy, and growth. In an influential paper, Craig Burnside and David Collar find that aid has a positive impact on growth in developing countries with good fiscal, monetary, and trade policies but has little effect in the presence of poor policies. This finding has enormous policy implications. The Burnside and Dollar (BD) result provides a role and strategy for foreign aid. If aid stimulates growth only in countries with good policies, this suggests that aid can promote economic growth, and it is crucial that foreign aid be distributed selectively to countries that have adopted sound policies. International aid agencies, public policy makers, and the press quickly recognized the importance of the BD findings. The BD data end in 1993. This article reconstructs the BD database from original sources and adds additional countries and observations to the BD data set because new information has become available since they conducted their analyses, and extends the data through 1997. Thus, using the BD methodology, it is reexamined whether aid influences growth in the presence of good policies. This paper conducts a simple robustness check by adding new data that were unavailable to BD.

The global crisis accentuated the competition between the greatest world economic actors. One of them, the EU28, tried to find, as solution to support its economic growth, the Cohesion Policy. The paper is focused on the analysis of the results of the Cohesion Policy and the perspectives of the new strategy Europe 2020. In order to do these, the paper uses the latest official statistic data and divides the analysis into three periods: until 2012, during 2012-2014 and during 2015-2020. The analysis is based on three elements (a comparative trend analysis, followed by a cluster analysis and a forecast using SPSS19 software) and takes into considerations four important macroeconomic indicators. The main conclusion of the paper is that the objectives of the Europe 2020 strategy will be not achieved and the socio-economic disparities will increase across the EU in 2020.All conclusions of the analysis are supported by pertinent diagrams and statistic tables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper argues that fostering economic activity and facilitating investment in new and more productive industries will best advance inclusive economic growth in Myanmar. With a focus on the role of structural transformation, this paper presents a model describing how this can best be facilitated. We emphasize the use of strategies that push towards diversification, particularly in the direction of more productive economic activities. This paper also presents a methodology to identify diversification opportunities based on trade data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper deals with the idea that EU has to reformate as a result of the latest challenges, including the Brexit. A possible effect and opportunity from this can be a stronger position for the EU Balkan Member States. The analysis in the paper takes into consideration all Balkan economies, including candidate countries in order to obtain a general approach for the region. This approach is new because it puts together member and candidate members from a region, in the context of re-evaluating the EU, and leads to the idea of finding a regional leader able to generate regional progress and to support the region's interests in the European Institutions. The analysis covers five representative economic indicators (GDP growth rate, gross fixed capital formation, unemployment rate, inflation rate and general government gross debt) and is realized on three levels: a comparative analyses, a cluster analysis, and a cumulative analysis as well. Moreover, regression is used in order to point out the economic disparities across the region. The main conclusion of the analysis is that the great regional economic disparities can be decrease using common regional policies. Moreover, the analysis identifies a regional economic leader able to coordinate common initiatives at least on short and medium terms. The analysis and the conclusions in the paper are supported by the latest official statistic data, pertinent tables and diagrams. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]