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Chylothorax after esophageal surgery is a rare complication but can lead to death in patients due to malnutrition, fluid imbalance, and immunodeficiency. Multiple treatment options exist for postoperative chylothorax, including conservative treatment, octreotide therapy, and interventions such as thoracic duct embolization and surgical ligation of the thoracic duct. We present a case of lymphatic leakage following laparoscopic esophagectomy for esophageal cancer, confirmed by lymphangiography. The patient underwent an intervention to embolize the thoracic duct under computed tomography after an initial failure under digital subtraction angiography (DSA). One week after the intervention, the patient's pleural fluid output gradually decreased, and the patient was discharged from the hospital. At a 7-month follow-up, the patient remained stable with no recurrence of lymphatic leakage.

Blunt esophageal injury is an unusual organ injury that has unclear clinical symptoms due to the overlap of thoracoabdominal trauma in the setting of multiple traumas. The treatment options vary depending on the patient's clinical symptoms, the extent of esophageal damage, and the time from the onset of damage to diagnosis. This article presents a case of a young male patient receiving emergency treatment after a traffic accident. Esophageal perforation was diagnosed through chest computed tomography with contrast injection and oral contrast. The article focuses on imaging characteristics and suggestive signs of blunt esophageal injury in the setting of multitrauma.

In modern software development processes, software effort estimation plays a crucial role. The success or failure of projects depends greatly on the accuracy of effort estimation and schedule results. Many studies focused on proposing novel models to enhance the accuracy of predicted results; however, the question of accurate estimation of effort has been a challenging issue with regards to researchers and practitioners, especially when it comes to projects using agile methodologies. This study aims at introducing a novel formula based on team velocity and story point factors. The parameters of this formula are then optimized by employing swarm optimization algorithms. We also propose an improved algorithm combining the advantages of the artificial bee colony and particle swarm optimization algorithms. The experimental results indicated that our approaches outperformed methods in other studies in terms of the accuracy of predicted results.

Through the history of language teaching and among many controversies in teaching second language writing, there are various concepts of corrective feedback. In fact, roles of corrective feedback including teacher and peer feedback are highly appreciated in contributing students’ writing improvement .Especially, in teaching writing to second language learners, the use of peer evaluation might be more motivated than the traditional type of teacher evaluation. This finding, as well as students’ data explanations of their choices, 48 high school gifted students at Experimental High School in Ho Chi Minh City participated in the study. Results of the study indicated the overall effect of corrective feedback on Vietnamese high school students’ attitude towards their learning in writing English, and how the combination of teacher feedback and peer feedback influence effectively on their work.

The evolutionary dynamics and phylogenetic utility of mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) have been of particular interest to systematists and evolutionary biologists. However, certain mitochondrial features, such as the molecular evolution of the control region in insects, remain poorly explored due to technological constraints. Using a combination of long- and short-read sequencing data, we assembled ten complete mitogenomes from ten Hercules beetles. We found large-sized mitogenomes (from 24 to 28 kb), which are among the largest in insects. The variation in genome size can be attributed to copy-number evolution of tandem repeats in the control region. Furthermore, one type of tandem repeat was found flanking the conserved sequence block in the control region. Importantly, such variation, which made up around 30% of the size of the mitogenome, may only become detectable should long-read sequencing technology be applied. We also found that, although different mitochondrial loci often inferred different phylogenetic histories, none of the mitochondrial loci statistically reject a concatenated mitochondrial phylogeny, supporting the hypothesis that all mitochondrial loci share a single genealogical history. We on the other hand reported statistical support for mito-nuclear phylogenetic discordance in 50% of mitochondrial loci. We argue that long-read DNA sequencing should become a standard application in the rapidly growing field of mitogenome sequencing. Furthermore, mitochondrial gene trees may differ even though they share a common genealogical history, and ND loci could be better candidates for phylogenetics than the commonly used COX1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Software cost estimation is a critical activity in the development life cycle for controlling risks and planning project schedules. Accurate estimation of the cost before the start-up of a project is essential for both the developers and the customers. Therefore, many models were proposed to address this issue, in which COCOMO II has been being widely em- ployed in actual software projects. Good estimation models, such as COCOMO II, can avoid insufficient resources being allocated to a project. However, parameters for estimation formula in this model have not been optimized yet, and so the estimated results are not close to the actual results. In this paper, a novel technique to optimize the coefficients for COCOMO II model by using teaching-learning-based opti- mization (TLBO) algorithm is proposed. The performance of the model after optimizing parameters was tested on NASA software project dataset. The obtained results indicated that the improvement of parameters provided a better estimation capabilities compared to the original COCOMO II model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, deep neural networks (DNNs) are helpful tools for mammogram classification in breast cancer screening. But, in Vietnam, there is a relatively small number of mammograms for training DNNs. Therefore, this study aims to apply transfer learning techniques to improve the performance of DNN models. In the first step, 10,418 breast cancer images from the Digital Database for Screening Mammography were used for training the CNN model ResNet 34. In the second step, we fine-tune this model on the Hanoi Medical University (HMU) database with 6,248 Vietnamese mammograms. The optimal model of ResNet 34 among these models achieves a macAUC of 0.766 in classifying breast cancer X-ray images into three Breast Imaging-Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) categories, BI-RADS 045 ('incomplete and malignance'), BI-RADS 1 ('normal'), and BI-RADS 23 ('benign'), when tested on the test dataset. This result is higher than the result of the ResNet 50 model trained only on the X-ray dataset of 7,912 breast cancer images of the HMU dataset, which achieves a macAUC of 0.754. A comparison of the performance of the proposed model of ResNet 34 applying transfer learning with other works shows that our model's evaluation results are higher than those of the compared models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Dengue is a mosquito-borne flavivirus present in many metropolitan cities of tropical countries.Methods: During and after the dengue season (September 2018 to January 2019), we conducted a case-control study in order to determine the risk factors for dengue fever in Hanoi city, Vietnam. 98 dengue patients and 99 patients with other acute infections, such as Hepatitis B virus infection, were recruited at Department of Infectious Disease of Bach Mai national hospital in Hanoi. Patients were interviewed using a structured questionnaire covering demographic, housing, environmental factors and knowledge, attitude, and practice on dengue prevention and control. Univariate analysis and multivariable logistic regression were used to determine the risk factors of dengue status.Results: The mean score of knowledge items and practice items was only 7.9 out of total 19 points and 3.9 out of total 17 points, respectively. While the mean score of attitude items was 4.8 out of total 6 points. Multivariable logistic regression indicated that older patients had lesser risk of getting dengue infection as compared to younger adults aged 16-30, and patients living in peri-urban districts were less likely to suffer of dengue fever than patients living in central urban districts (OR = 0.31; 95% CI 0.13-0.75). This study could not find any association with occupation, water storage habit, knowledge, attitude, or practice on dengue prevention.Conclusions: All patients had a relatively low level of knowledge and practice on dengue prevention and control. However, the attitude of the participants was good. We found that age group and living district were the risk factors correlated with the dengue status. Communication programs on raising dengue awareness should be repeated all year round and target particular groups of adolescents, younger adults, landlords and migrants from other provinces to improve their knowledge and encourage them to implement preventive measures against dengue fever. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mosquito-borne diseases (MBDs) are causing high morbidity and mortality for humans. Urban livestock keeping is still common in cities around the world. The animals may serve as reservoirs for zoonotic MBDs, which increase the risks for humans. Here we assess the knowledge and practices related to MBDs in households with livestock and without livestock and explore the perceptions of the health care sector about MBDs and livestock keeping in Hanoi city of Vietnam in a cross-sectional study. A quantitative survey was conducted including 513 households with and without livestock-keeping in six districts and complemented with qualitative surveys with four health staff from Hanoi Center of Disease Control and three district health centers. The quantitative survey indicated that the participants possessed basic knowledge on MBDs with an average score of 18.3 out of 35, of which non-livestock-keeping households had a better knowledge than households keeping livestock (p<0.05). Both household categories had low score, 3.5 out of 11, regarding preventive practices against MBDs. The negative binomial model showed that occupation and location of living were factors associated to the knowledge on MBDs. Farmers were likely to have better preventive practices as compared to office workers (p<0.05). Those who had better knowledge also had more adequate preventive practices against MBDs (p<0.001). The qualitative survey revealed that livestock keeping was determined as increasing risks of MBDs due to the increase of mosquito population. It is recommended that community campaigns to raise the awareness and change behavior on MBDs should be organized based on collaboration between the health sector and the veterinary sector for households with and without livestock living in central urban and peri-urban areas. Further studies are needed to confirm the association between urban livestock keeping and potential increasing risks of MBDs such as dengue and Japanese encephalitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Quality emergency care is a critical component of a well-functioning health system. However, severely ill children often face barriers to timely, appropriate care in less-developed health systems. Such barriers disproportionately affect poorer children, and may be particularly acute when children seek advanced emergency care. We examine predictors of increased acuity and patient outcomes at a tertiary paediatric emergency department to identify barriers to advanced emergency care among children. Methods: We analysed a sample of 557 children admitted to a paediatric referral hospital in Hanoi, Vietnam. We examined associations between socio-demographic and facility characteristics, referrals and transfers, and patient outcomes. We used generalized ordered logistic regression to examine predictors of increased acuity on arrival. Results: Most children accessing advanced emergency care were under two years of age (68.4%). Pneumonia was the most prevalent diagnosis (23.7%). Children referred from lower-level facilities experienced higher acuity on arrival (p = .000), were more likely to be admitted to an ICU (p = .000), and were more likely to die during hospitalization (p = .009). The poorest children [OR = 4.98, (1.82--13.61)], and children entering care at provincial hospitals [OR = 3.66, (2.39--5.63)] and other lower-level facilities [OR = 3.24, (1.78--5.88)] had significantly higher odds of increased acuity on arrival. Conclusions: The poorest children, who were more likely to enter care at lower-level facilities, were especially disadvantaged. While delays in entry to care were not predictive of acuity, children referred to tertiary care from lower-level facilities experienced worse outcomes. Improvements in triage, stabilization, and referral linkages at all levels should reduce within-system delays, increasing timely access to advanced emergency care for all children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]