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The main purpose of this paper is to reveal the Finnish paper industry from the economic geographic perspectives. There have been many mill and machine line closures especially in Finland after 2001. Therefore, it is interesting to research the development of manufacturing and transportation costs and paper prices during 2001-2008 in a large case mill. The research tradition of economic geography concerning the paper industry is scanty in the Nordic countries, and not many discussions have been published. This paper attempts to narrow the gap between theoretical and empirical discussions concerning the paper industry. The empirical data is obtained from one large integrated mill, and the research data covers cost components from the years 2001-2008. The results show that the economic performance has lowered clearly in the case mill. An interesting finding was that in overseas distant deliveries, transit costs can even decrease due to inexpensive sea transportation and paper prices slightly increase, probably due to lowered competition in the exported paper qualities. Although the mill data has been examined in detail, it only covers one large paper mill with several machine lines. Therefore, the results can only be generalized to some extent to other export-dependent paper industries operating in peripheral areas with minimal local demand. Our study shows that the empiric methods of economic geography offer interesting views highlighting such spatial heterogeneities in the paper industry. The industry's location affects competition through transit costs, and this topic should be included more in location and economic studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Scientific research publishing carries significant role in the development of the society. Apart from the dissemination of knowledge, there are also motives for publication of scientific research results at the level of individual researchers. Objectives: The goal of the paper is to propose simple, yet highly applicable advice when pursuing the publication of a paper in a scientific journal providing a closer look to economics, business and management journals that focus on Eastern European countries. Methods/Approach: The 4 Cs model of scientific writing and publication is presented, based on four questions: (1) How to pick a topic relevant for publication?; (2) How to select a journal for possible publication?; (3) How to structure the paper in accordance with the IMRAD format?, and (4) How to efficiently write the paper? Results: Step-by-step application of the 4C's model is presented in the paper with an outlook to economics, business and management journals that focus on Eastern European countries. Conclusions: Publication in a scientific journal is an important venue for scientific researchers. In preparing the presentation of the scientific research results for the publication, number of issues relating content, style, composition and presentation should be taken into account. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We describe the formulation and development of a supply-chain optimisation model for Fletcher Challenge Paper Australasia (FCPA). This model, known as Paper Industry Value Optimisation Tool (PIVOT), is a large mixed integer program that finds an optimal allocation of supplier to mill, product to paper machine, and paper machine to customer, while at the same time modelling many of the supply chain details and nuances which are peculiar to FCPA. PIVOT has assisted FCPA in solving a number of strategic and tactical decision problems, and provided significant economic benefits for the company. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Examines the rhythms of production in the Montgolfier paper mill, one of the largest in eighteenth-century France. View of historians on early industrial work; What Montgolfier output registers reveal.

This article conducts a field-level analysis of institutional change in the pulp and paper industry in the state of Maine over the past 30 years. Furthermore, it considers the natural environment as a field-level actor, which can focus and redirect attention and resources, serve as a constraint on previously acceptable behavior, and act as a catalyst for institutional change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents an in-depth analysis of the archives of the Brown family, collected at the John Carter Brown Library at Brown University. In it the business activities of the family from the 18th to 20th centuries are charted. Comments are given highlighting the historical value of the papers, citing their remarkable comprehensiveness for such a long period. Issues addressed within the collection include records of business conditions and transactions during the Revolutionary War, the transitions in international business networks after the war, and the family's Western frontier land speculation ventures during the 19th-century.

The article presents brief information on the journal "Cahiers d'EMAM" and contributions dealing with urban issues, territorial constructions at all scales and in their historical, social, economic and political dimensions. It is informed that Cahiers d'EMAM is a social science journal specializing in Arab world and the Mediterranean.

An environmental assessment for Jordan Paper and Cardboard Factory (JPCF) was conducted. Cleaner production concept, what it can achieve, and how it can be applied to JPCF was tested. Using the waste audit tool, five independent options were identified as having potential for improvements; these were on site reuse, technological changes, raw material changes, good housekeeping, and product changes. For each option, one or more pollution prevention actions were recommended. Economical advantages that could be achieved in water, energy, and material savings were quantified and simple payback periods calculated. Analyses revealed that on-site reuse and technological changes were the most efficient environmental options. Although different actions might result in similar benefits, the decision to execute a certain action is dependent upon its economic viability. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Assesses the performance of the economy in the River Plate area in Argentina from the 1820s to the 1860s. Expansion of the rural economy; Micro- and macroeconomic consequences of inflationary financing; Contemporary financial and monetary circumstances; Buenos Aires' implementation of a 40-year process of dealing with inconvertible paper money.

A birth certificate establishes a child's legal identity and age, but few quantitative estimates of the significance of birth registration exist. Birth registration laws were enacted by U.S. states in the 19th and early 20th centuries. Using 1910-1930 census data, this study finds that minimum working age legislation was twice as effective in reducing under-aged employment if children had been born with a birth registration law, with positive implications for school attendance. There is some evidence that registration laws also improved the enforcement of schooling laws for younger children. A retrospective analysis with the 1960 census shows that the long-term effect of registration laws was to increase educational attainment by approximately 0.1 years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lists several abstracts of papers presented at the 1998 annual meeting of the Economic History Association. Papers on the Black death and the medieval economy; Papers on property rights and the distribution of wealth and welfare; Papers on economic history and the consumer; Papers on institutions of governance and economic growth; Abstracts of papers on the financial prehistory of the United States.

The aim of the research paper is to find out if the republic of Georgia is likely to have emerging market. Paper analyzes different aspects of emerging market, included: historical background, political situation (international rankings, the role of the international society), economic conditions (FDI inflows, major economic indicators), legal framework. The paper argues that recent economic and political reform efforts have been successful, however, a key concern is the effective implementation of the legal and policy framework for investment environment, leading to measurable improvements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using information collected from American Economic Review publications of the last 100 years, we try to provide answers to various questions: Which are the top AER publishing institutions and countries? Which are the top AER papers based on citation success? How frequently is someone able to publish in AER? How equally is citation success distributed? Who are the top AER publishing authors? What is the level of cooperation among the authors? What drives the alphabetical name ordering? What are the individual characteristics of the AER authors, editors, editorial board members, and referees? How frequently do women publish in AER? What is the relationship between academic age, publication performance, and citation success? What are the paper characteristics? What influences the level of technique used in articles? Do connections have an influence on citation success? Who receives awards? Can awards increase the probability of publishing in AER at a later stage?

Presents a summary of papers which where presented to the annual general meeting of the Economic History Association. Development of the nineteenth-century water law; Identification of the cultivation practices and cropping patterns in Gujarat's Kaira district during the nineteenth century; Explanation of high crop yields during the late eighteenth-and early nineteenth-century in Ireland.