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We develop a pair of models that speak to the goals and design of the sort of business lending and corporate bond purchase programs that have been introduced by governments in response to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. An overarching theme is that, in contrast to the classic lender-of-last-resort thinking that underpinned much of the response to the 2007-2009 global financial crisis, an effective policy response to the pandemic will require the government to accept the prospect of significant losses on credit extended to private sector firms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We show that the credit quality of corporate debt issuers deteriorates during credit booms and that this deterioration forecasts low excess returns to corporate bondholders. The key insight is that changes in the pricing of credit risk disproportionately affect the financing costs faced by low-quality firms, so debt issuance of low-quality firms is particularly useful for forecasting bond returns. We show that a significant decline in issuer quality is a more reliable signal of credit market overheating than rapid aggregate credit growth. We use these findings to investigate the forces driving time variation in expected corporate bond returns. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

We analyze the transmission effects of monetary policy in a general equilibrium model of the financial sector, with bank lending and securities markets. Bank lending is constrained by capital adequacy requirements, and asymmetric information adds a cost to outside bank equity capital. In our model, monetary policy does not affect bank lending through changes in bank liquidity; rather, it operates through changes in the spread of bank loans over corporate bonds, which induce changes in the aggregate composition of financing by firms, and in banks' equity-capital base. The model produces multiple equilibria, one of which displays all the features of a "credit crunch." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this paper is to examine the association between the Corporate Leverage (cl) and the Dividend Policy (dp) of firms across industries in India in respect of Size of Corporate Firms. The investigation is conducted on a panel sample of 73 firms across industries [Cement, Chemical and Fertilizer, it, Oil and Gas, Pharmaceutical, Shipping, and Textiles], which listed their shares in National Stock Exchange (nse) in India for the period 1996-2007. The impacts of Capital Structure (cs) variables (leverage) on dp measures - dividend payout (Net dividend paid/net income) in the presence of some basic fundamental variables are considered to be the determinants of dp, using the Multiple Regression Technique (ols method). The results of the cross-sectional ols Model for the selected sample firms under various sectors show that there is a significant effect of selected independent variables, dpoα+β1dpot-1 +β2pat+β3tde+β4cf+β5size+β6inv+ β1ltd + β8std + e. Therefore, this study proves that the dp of Small Size, Medium Size, Large Size, and Overall Corporate Firms across industries in India is dependent on the level of debt in cs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]