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Eye movement has become a new behavioral feature for biometric authentication. In the eye movement-based authentication methods that use temporal features and artificial design features, the required duration of eye movement recordings are too long to be applied. Therefore, this study aims at using eye movement recordings with shorter duration to realize authentication. And we give out a reasonable eye movement recording duration that should be less than 12 s, referring to the changing pattern of the deviation degree between the gaze point and the stimulus point on the screen. In this study, the temporal motion features of the gaze points and the spatial distribution features of the saccade are using to represent the personal identity. Two datasets are constructed for the experiments, including 5 s and 12 s of eye movement recordings. On the datasets constructed in this paper, the open-set authentication results show that the Equal Error Rate of our proposed methods can reach 10.62% when recording duration is 12 s and 12.48% when recording duration is 5 s. The closed-set authentication results show that the Equal Error Rate of our proposed methods can reach 5.25% when recording duration is 12 s and 7.82% when recording duration is 5 s. It demonstrates that the proposed method provides a reference for the eye movements data-based identity authentication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In this paper, we propose an individual income level inference method based on travel behavior of urban residents. Firstly, we define 13 residents' travel behavior features from 3 different aspects. These features are the mobility indicators based on trajectories, home-based travel characteristics, and activity chain patterns. Secondly, 80% of the daily travel diary data of residents in Guangzhou in 2013 is taken as the training sample and the remaining as the test data. Thirdly, the random forest method is trained and used to infer individual's income level. The experiment results show that our proposed method can obtain an overall accuracy of 80%. Among 13 travel behavior features, the home-based features (i.e. the mode of the travel distance from home during working time (9:00 AM to 18:00 PM)), the activity chain pattern, and travel distance and scope related features (i.e., the maximum distance between two successive activity points, and radius of gyration) have high feature importance. However, the features representing the spatial heterogeneity of the activity points have relatively low importance, such as the spatial diversity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study we combined the data generated through a process with geospatial data on plot locations and environmental characteristics, administrative data from the insurance company and comprehensive survey data. To study the behavior differences of small-scale farmers and new-type agricultural operating entities as insured subjects in the agricultural insurance market under the condition of information asymmetry. To study how the ways of information acquisition affect the satisfaction of purchasing agricultural insurance, thus affecting future insurance demanding behavior. This paper collects data and designs information acquisition satisfaction table for small-scale farmers and managers of new-type agricultural operating entities by field interviews, and makes nested design analysis for the obtained satisfaction value. The empirical test results show that there are great differences in information acquisition behavior between small-scale farmers which leads to different satisfaction of information acquisition. It is suggested that the agricultural insurance policy formulation should considers the differences behavioral characteristics of small-scale farmers and new-type agricultural operating entities. And agricultural insurance companies should provide insurance products corresponding to the behavior characteristics of small-scale farmers and new-type agricultural operating entities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the widely used username/password authentication system, this paper proposed a two-factor authentication system using keystroke dynamics. The scheme embedded keystroke dynamics modeling and identification into the user-name/password authentication system. Its feasibility, security, efficiency and accuracy were theoretically analyzed. Experiments using publicly available keystroke dynamics datasets show that it has great efficiecy and accuracy with improved security. Performance evaluation with different models using the same public datasets indicates that conditional random field is an effective model for keystroke dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To determine a better combination of signs and markings on expressway tunnel entrance sections, three types of typical signs and markings were compared and tested according to five indicators: speed, lane lateral offset, lane change behavior, fixation behavior, and operating load, using a driving simulator. The results identified that the obvious no overtaking and speed limit signs, combined with a layer of thin red pavement, had the most influence on drivers' speed, and they led to the highest fixation frequency of static facilities, the longest average distance from the completion point of the lane change to the entrance, and the longest average lane change distance, which could help drivers to pass through tunnel entrance sections more smoothly. The location of the static facilities should be between 3 s before the tunnel entrance and 3 s after entering the tunnel, as this is the area where a driver's relative viewpoint changes. The improper combination of warning signs and deceleration measures will affect a driver's judgment, causing negative effects, such as premature lane changes and an increased operating load. The research results can provide a design basis and reference for the combination setting of safety signs and markings on tunnel entrance sections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Eye movement has become a new behavioral feature for biometric authentication. In the eye movement-based authentication methods that use temporal features and artificial design features, the required duration of eye movement recordings are too long to be applied. Therefore, this study aims at using eye movement recordings with shorter duration to realize authentication. And we give out a reasonable eye movement recording duration that should be less than 12 s, referring to the changing pattern of the deviation degree between the gaze point and the stimulus point on the screen. In this study, the temporal motion features of the gaze points and the spatial distribution features of the saccade are using to represent the personal identity. Two datasets are constructed for the experiments, including 5 s and 12 s of eye movement recordings. On the datasets constructed in this paper, the open-set authentication results show that the Equal Error Rate of our proposed methods can reach 10.62% when recording duration is 12 s and 12.48% when recording duration is 5 s. The closed-set authentication results show that the Equal Error Rate of our proposed methods can reach 5.25% when recording duration is 12 s and 7.82% when recording duration is 5 s. It demonstrates that the proposed method provides a reference for the eye movements data-based identity authentication.