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Inner city gentrification is widely recognized as an international phenomenon and yet little research has been carried out into its incidence, manifestations and effects at a transnational level. The main objective of the paper is to adopt such an approach comparing the context of gentrification in three of the largest cities that have been affected, New York, London in England and Paris in France. It considers the evolutionary processes of gentrification, the stages through which gentrified neighborhoods in these cities have passed. Taking an international comparative approach, it attempts to establish whether there are certain processes that are prerequisites for the gentrification process, or whether the processes associated with gentrification in the three cities are more locally contextual. The paper aims to contribute to the discourse on gentrification by analyzing the process internationally in more depth than the literature to date, offering a genuinely comparative analysis. In acknowledging contextual differences, one can offer constructive comparative observations of the various stages in the gentrification process which will allow to consider gentrification as an international process.

This article presents an announcement related to optometry conference as of January 1997. Biennial conferences on clinical optometry of College of Optometrist in London, England, will be held in New York in March 1998. The conference will provide a comprehensive update on the development, use and restoration of vision with keynote addresses, papers on recent advances in clinical vision science and an integrated programme of continuing professional education. The format and content of the conference will appeal to all sectors of the optometric community especially the general optometric practitioner who wishes to extend his or her level of expertise in the delivery of primary health care.

ABSTRACT Previous results show relatively small amounts of time variation in the Hasbrouck (1995) information share across international markets. Using data from a security that was cross-listed on the New York and London Stock Exchanges in the 1860s, we find that the information share changes dramatically during a financial crisis that began in the foreign market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several lists are presented showing the bestselling art books for the summer of 2007 in New York City and in London, England. The lists include the books "Baroque: Architecture Sculpture Painting," "Modern Contemporary: Art Since 1980 at MoMA" and "An American Index of the Hidden and Unfamiliar," by Taryn Simon.

Using a large cross section of intraday data from 25 developed countries, we study commonality in liquidity, both within and across international equity markets, over 15-minute intervals. Within-country and cross-border liquidity commonalities are found to be significant and, after controlling for country and industry effects, relate to such firm-specific measures as size, bid–ask spread, and the extent of analyst coverage. Additionally, within-country liquidity commonality is lower for firms with depository receipts cross listed in New York or London. Cross-border liquidity commonality is particularly high for firms with relatively high actual ownership by foreign institutions. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 29:630–652, 2009 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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During the 1980s two global cities New York City and London, England have shown a remarkable convergence in public policy and development patterns. The article analyzes the linkage between the pressures of world economic transformation, on the one hand and political and ideological forces on the other in determining the character of development in these two cities. London and New York are a particularly useful source for comparative study because their common attributes permit the identification of a limited number of variables to explain their differences. They both developed as great ports, their roles as centers of international trade and the requirements for financing that trade, caused them to become the locations of the world's most important financial markets. Each has been the financial capital of a dominant global economic power, and each faces increased competition from other world centers. It is further observed that the governments of New York City and London opted for the route of minimal planning, dampened participation and market distribution. These policies have contributed to highly uneven development, severe shortages of affordable housing, congestion and environmental deterioration.

A consistent pattern for the silica sources, depositional environments and timing of chertification was observed in the diverse suite of five Late Mesozoic and Middle Palaeozoic carbonate sequences; the (1) Upper Greensand (Cretaceous) and (2) Portland Limestone (Jurassic) of southern England, (3) the Ramp Creek Formation (Mississippian) of southern Indiana, and the (4) lower Helderberg Group (Devonian) and (5) Onondaga Limestone (Devonian) of New York State. Nodular chert formation in all five limestone sequences occurred in sediments that were largely uncremented. Ghosts of pre-chertification carbonate cements are present in some chert nodules but are volumetrically minor. In every limestone sequence except the Upper Greensand, chertification occurred after burial to a depth sufficient for intergranular pressure solution and mechanical grain deformation of carbonate sand. Nodular chert is most abundant in subtidal, normal marine wackestones and mudstones that were deposited at or below fair-weather wave base, and is absent or rare in supratidal, intertidal and high-energy subtidal limestones and dolomites. An intraformational sponge spicule silica source for chert nodules is suggested by direct evidence, such as calcitized sponge spicules in the host limestone, and circumstantial evidence, such as ghosts of sponge spicule in chert nodules and a correlation of chert abundance with depositional environment. Most molds of siliceous sponge spicules were apparently obliterated by post-chertification intergranular compaction. We propose that these general trends for the depositional environments, silica sources and timing of chertification are representative of most Mesozoic to Middle Palaeozoic platform limestones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Compares methadone maintenance programs (MMP) in New York City and drug treatment centers (DTC) in London, England. Treatment of opiate addiction; Legal and moral restrictions which limit the treatment alternatives available to U.S. doctors and MMP administrators; Chemotherapy model followed in DTC and MMP.