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Introduction: Fetal body tumors are rare, but the ability to diagnose them has improved over recent years. Most masses discovered in the chest results from fetal bronchopulmonary malformations, such as congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation and bronchopulmonary sequestration. Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation and bronchopulmonary sequestration have a reported incidence of 50% and 33% of all prenatally diagnosed lung lesions, respectively.Material and Methods: Retrospective analysis of the congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation and bronchopulmonary sequestration cases diagnosed or surveilled at our department, between January 2003 and March 2013. Prenatal examination, evolution, management and patient outcome were analyzed.Results: A total of 918 fetal malformations were diagnosed at our hospital, 17 of them representing fetal bronchopulmonary malformations. The majority were diagnosed during the second trimester and stabilized or regressed during the third trimester of pregnancy. The pregnancies and deliveries had no other relevant findings or complications, except in three cases. Nine children required surgery. All of the children are healthy and have a normal development, with regular surveillance by the pediatricians.Discussion: The majority of these fetal lung masses are isolated findings that partially regress during intrauterine life. With adequate postnatal surveillance and eventual surgery the prognosis is good. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate the immediate maternal and neonatal outcomes associated with sequential instrumental delivery (vaccum plus forceps) compared with the use of one instrument only (forceps or vaccum). Study design: A longitudinal observational study was carried out, including all instrumental deliveries performed in term singleton pregnancies, in vertex presentation, at station level 0 or +1. According to the type of the instruments, the deliveries were divided in three groups: the vaccum group, the forceps group and the sequential group. Immediate maternal and neonatal outcomes were evaluated. Results: A total of 275 instrumental deliveries were performed: 126 (45.5%) vaccum assisted deliveries, 62 (22.6%) forceps assisted deliveries and 87 (31.6%) sequential deliveries. Regarding maternal morbidity, there was a significant difference between the three groups (p < 0.001), with a higher rate of complications in the sequential group. The type of instrument was the only factor associated with significant maternal morbidity. The rate of immediate neonatal morbidity was 4.4% and there was no significant association with the instrument type or with other identifiable factors. Conclusion: Sequential delivery is associated with a higher maternal morbidity and it seems not to increase neonatal morbidity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For 25 years following the end of the Cold War, Western navies focused on operating in littorals and projecting power from sea to land. This began to change with the rise of near-peer rivals and the development of highly sophisticated anti-access/area denial (A2/AD) technologies. Nonetheless, expeditionary operations have remained a core business for most navies. Richard Dunley argues that the democratisation of these A2/AD technologies, as conflicts in the Red and Black Seas have highlighted, will significantly restrict the ability of navies to continue operating in this way, even against smaller powers. This will lead to the end of the second golden age of transoceanic navies. ◼ [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While smart cities have great potential to contribute to urban sustainability, related discussions and applications are often criticised as highly technocentric rather than people-centric. To ensure smart city policies align with the path of sustainability transitions, citizen well-being and social values should be carefully considered in urban planning. This viewpoint article argues that urban happiness associated with welfare, health, and quality of life is the gateway to transforming smart cities into sustainable living places. Firstly, happy cities share similar and vital characteristics with transitions, such as equity, justice, inclusion, and participation. Intelligent technologies would not benefit socio-technical systems without addressing these factors. Secondly, urban changes require years and decades to ferment. Planners and policymakers should concern about technologies' long-term influence on well-being and urban liveability. Finally, technology innovation is a process of urban planning, not the destination. Thus, exploring whether cities' "smart" input can effectively turn into consistent happiness is necessary. Given a lack of linkages between smart and happy cities in past studies, I propose conceptual metrics for evaluating happiness-driven and sustainability-led smart cities. My arguments also present several trains of thought to open more dialogues for researchers and urban planners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The System of Environmental and Economic Accounting aims at the integration of national accounts with the contributions of the environment. After three decades of development, though, only a portion of it has become an international standard for national accounting. Its uncertain, experimental status reflects the complexities faced by a project that requires a clear and implementable concept of valuation to be applied to non-market goods. In this paper, we review the debate between competing theories of value that had a role in the early development of the System and we follow the discussion that first accompanied the drafting of its current version and is now informing a revision process that will lead to a new edition of the Experimental Ecosystem Accounting module by 2021. The next developments and every step made toward integration will affect not just the content of the national accounts but also how it can be collected and used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Following the start of the Syrian civil war, the Mediterranean Sea gradually became a cemetery for refugees. As Europe closed borders and criminalized refugee rescue efforts, some gateway cities took on a new role of refugee protection and accommodation. These "cities of refuge" created safe havens for refugees while resisting Europe's fear-inducing anti-immigrant regime and rising xenophobia. This article analyzes how Athens became an exemplary city of refuge. My ethnographic fieldwork (2017–2019) shows how collaboration among a left-wing municipality and network of local pro-refugee NGOs and activists effectively challenged right-wing populism, racism, and ultranationalism. Complicating current debates on cities of refuge as welcoming places, I argue that the power of Athens does not come from solving Europe's so-called refugee crisis, erasing conflict, or undoing rampant fear of the Muslim refugee. To the contrary, the city of refuge is built from the bottom up through high levels of political contestation. I argue that the politics of refuge is manifested through the everyday creation of safe (urban) places sustained by inclusion and juxtaposed against top-down securitized spaces that are upheld by fear and exclusion. Athens is a resilient city of refuge that stands as a bulwark against the EU's border politics even amid economic crisis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present work evaluated the anticancer properties of sweet cherry (Prunus avium) extract on human prostate cells. Several sweet cherry cultivars from Fundão (Portugal) were methanol-extracted and their phytochemical composition characterized. The Saco "late harvest" extract was highly-enriched in anthocyanins and selected for use in biological assays. Non-neoplastic (PNT1A) and neoplastic (LNCaP and PC3) human prostate cells were treated with 0–2,000 μg/ml of extract for 48–96 h. Cell viability was evaluated by the MTT assay. Apoptosis, oxidative stress, and glycolytic metabolism were assessed by Western blotting and enzymatic assays. Glucose consumption and lactate production were measured spectrophotometrically. Saco cherry extract diminished the viability of neoplastic and non-neoplastic cells, whereas enhancing apoptosis in LNCaP. Cherry extract-treatment also diminished oxidative damage and suppressed glycolytic metabolism in LNCaP cells. These findings widened the knowledge on the mechanisms by which cherry extract modulate cell physiology, demonstrating their broad action over the hallmarks of cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aeneas Fleeing Troy, painted by Federico Barocci (1535–1612), depicts a scene from Vergil's Aeneid (29–15 BCE). This article offers interpretations of text and image highlighting the complexity of the refugee experience and the possibilities for a future society comprised of blended populations. Aeneas negotiated a new world for his progeny while suffering through war, displacement and loss. History suggests that art and literature are compelling translators of our shared human experience, which can encourage the creation of an inclusive civilization and give warnings about potential conflict. The battles and blood-shed, religious and civil wars that transpired while Barocci created his artwork and as it was transferred between owners, such as the Holy Roman Emperor Rudolf II, Queen Christina of Sweden and Louis Philippe II (Philippe Égalité), cousin of the beheaded King Louis XVI, offer insights into alternative paths forward for Europe. History, literature, and art provide – not only instruction from the past – but guidance to negotiate a future in which contributions by the indigenous populations of Europe are honoured and cherished, while the integration of different cultures provides change for a new shared European future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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We explore the nexus between sustainability and economic growth in Indonesia between 1990 and 2014, using an inclusive wealth framework that covers the country's unique resources and biodiversity. Indonesia's inclusive wealth growth is considered positive. However, the 'dilution effect' on Indonesia's population has outpaced the country's wealth growth, so that its per capita inclusive wealth growth has been negative. This study implies that the GDP per capita growth in Indonesia does not necessarily indicate sustainability. The depreciation of both renewable and non-renewable natural capital is driving the decline in wealth per capita. Despite this, sustainability has been improving, although marginally, due to increases in the rates of produced and human capital growth. To return to a sustainable growth path, Indonesia must increase its investments to a net gain in the rate of wealth growth, and it must reduce its resource extraction to levels that its productive base can maintain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A vast literature exploring environmental influences on human health and well-being has provided renewed interest in connecting planning for the built environment with health initiatives. In response, planners and urban designers have been tasked with translating this knowledge into spatial planning and design schemes. This paper responds to an identified need for a conceptually-informed framework for green space planning and design for health and well-being that moves beyond attribute-descriptive studies. The notion of an ‘affordances star’ is proposed as a means to maximize the functionality and inclusivity of green space for health and well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper assesses the determinants of take-up of a voluntary waste separation scheme, in a scenario where residents sorted, stored and paid for collection of recycling waste even though mixed waste was collected at the kerbside more conveniently, free of charge and without any quantity limits. Uptake of the scheme was positive, persistent and diverse across localities, offering an opportunity to assess the factors determining voluntary participation in the presence of disincentives. We employ a unique panel data-set (n= 4,644) from Malta, including data on recyclable waste kilogrammes collected over the first 86 weeks of the scheme's operation. Drawing on insights from environmental economics and psychology, a model is empirically estimated. Results indicate that uptake is suppressed by the initial constraints households may face and stimulated by collection frequency. Political vote is an important determinant of participation and this interacts with scheme promotion to create diverse uptake rates. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Arcobacter genus currently comprises 18 recognized species, among which Arcobacter butzleri, Arcobacter cryaerophilus and Arcobacter skirrowii have been associated with human and animal disease. Although these organisms, with special emphasis A. butzleri, are emerging as clinical pathogens, several aspects of their epidemiology and virulence are only starting to be clarified. In vitro human and animal cell culture assays have been used to show that several Arcobacter species can adhere to and invade eukaryotic cells, induce an immune response and produce toxins that damage host cells. In addition, data from genome sequencing highlighted several potential markers that may be helpful candidates for the study and understanding of these mechanisms; however, more work is necessary to clarify the molecular mechanisms involved in Arcobacter virulence. Arcobacter can be considered a relatively robust organism showing to be able to survive in adverse conditions, as the ones imposed by food processing and storage. Moreover, these bacteria have shown increased antibiotic resistance, along with high multidrug resistance. In this review, we seek to update the state-of-the-art concerning Arcobacter distribution, its interaction with the host, the trends of antibiotic resistance, its ability to survive, and finally the use of natural antimicrobials for control of Arcobacter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article investigates the role of bus rapid transit as a tool for mitigation of transport-related carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. We analyse a Quality Bus Corridor (QBC) implemented in Dublin, Ireland, in 1999 and estimate CO2 emissions associated with differing levels of bus priority for the period 1998-2003 and for the Kyoto commitment period (2008-12). Associated monetary values are established using CO2 prices from the European Union Emissions Trading Scheme. We find that, in the absence of a QBC, peak-time emissions for our sample population would have been 50% higher than in the factual scenario. For the Kyoto commitment period, we find the median value of the policy implementation to be in the region of €650 000. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The table of contents for Volume 51 of "Journal of Environmental Planning & Management," from January to November 2008 is presented.

One of the most controversial planning issues internationally is the siting of waste disposal infrastructure in local communities. Compensation is viewed as a possible solution to siting difficulties in many countries. However, existing empirical evidence is conflicting as to whether or not compensation-based siting has reduced opposition to such developments. Thus, before compensation policy can be considered as the solution for recognising social costs and introducing equity into the waste planning system, it is important to understand why people reject waste disposal infrastructure developments and if this rejection continues over the lifetime of facility operations. This paper utilises information gathered through surveys to examine the effects of distance, local authority consultation efforts, experience and other factors, on attitudes towards non-hazardous solid waste landfill developments in two examples of a potential and actual host communities. Our findings suggest distance proxies expectations of environmental risk in communities with no experience of living with landfill infrastructure. Community consultations by authorities are consistently important, even after a landfill has been in operation for a number of years. This suggests to policy makers to consult thoroughly and adequately before pursuing compensation policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]