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In Nazi Germany (1933–45), reclaiming waste became an intrinsic component of the regime's economy as well as its ideological, racial, and expansionist ambitions. National Socialist interventions into waste streams began in 1934 with salvage campaigns. The state then brought urban waste policies and municipal waste services under its control, restructuring and 'Aryanising' the waste salvage trade. Moreover, both consumers and producers were prompted to collect and reprocess waste. Over time, the gradual expansion of the Nazi waste recovery policies and campaigns – here referred to as the 'Nazi waste exploitation regime' – brought forth a determined vision of a circular economy in which no waste whatsoever should escape its reclamation for the national community or Volksgemeinschaft. This article sketches the actors, structures, and objectives of this waste exploitation regime for the case of rags and paper and uncovers its entanglement with Nazi racist and genocidal ideology and expansionism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seemingly mundane bureaucratic papers – such as birth and marriage certificates – are official proof of legal identities and relations to kin, usually issued by the state of origin. For Syrians who have sought asylum in Germany, these documents are necessary during the asylum procedure and beyond, for certain bureaucratic procedures and the recording of crucial life events. Retracing the crafting of these documents in Syria, and their encounter with German bureaucracy, captures the depth of the entanglement between the Syrian and German citizenship regimes, as well as their discrepancies in relation to paperwork and legality. Drawing on ethnographic research with Syrians in Lebanon and in Germany, this article argues that the legal production of legality in Germany can only be achieved through legally ambiguous, if not so-called illegal, practices in Syria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hemp is a primary substance for papermaking, having been used for 2,000 years in this capacity. In the 20th century wood pulp came to replace hemp and other long fibres, and this has been an environmental disaster. Recent efforts to re-introduce hemp fibres into paper pulp are under way, with a number of writing papers having been manufactured in Europe and North America. However, most of these were done in small batches. Most papermills in southeast Asia produce 500,000 tons or more annually, whilst mills in the West tend to be small, specialty paper mills. Hemp is used rather consistently for fine papers, including cigarette paper and cosmetic tissue paper, but writing paper may continue to be made from trees until we run out and are forced to use other material. One large papermill in Germany, Gmund (which is distributed in the UK by The Hemp Shop) is starting to catch up, with a number of different papers including writing paper now being made in increasingly larger batches. A number of other companies are also offering hemp papers, ranging from writing paper to wallpaper. Part of the issue is the fact that the hurd, which is lower in cellulose content that the bast, can be used for paper, as demonstrated by the US government in the early 20th century. doi:10.1300/J237v12n02_08 [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper examines new forms of study-abroad expertise on social media and their role in mediating Indian student mobility to Germany. Firstly, it explores how mutual-support Facebook and WhatsApp groups—used by prospective international students in India to support each other through the process of applying to German universities—have contributed to the emergence of new forms of education consultancy, offered by Indian students or graduates of German universities, whom I call 'Student Guides'. In addition, it shows how some Indians studying in Germany have started 'Study in Germany' YouTube channels, aimed at aspirant student migrants, and have become important 'study-abroad influencers'. The paper analyses how these new forms of study-abroad expertise offer prospective international students social and cultural capital important for successful student migration, apart from shaping their imaginative geographies of Germany, and embedding them in cultures of mobility. Furthermore, the paper highlights how these new forms of study-abroad expertise intersect with, and critique, a more 'traditional' study-abroad expert: the professional education consultant. The paper draws on a digital ethnography of 'Study in Germany' Facebook and WhatsApp groups and YouTube channels, as well as interviews with the YouTubers, Student Guides, and Indian students in Germany. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This brief introduction summarizes and gives the biographical context of Roger Money-Kyrle's 1934 paper "A psychological analysis of the causes of war". It also contextualizes his interest in the interplay between the psychological mechanisms operating within the individual, the society and groups and his personal experience with Germany in between and after two catastrophic wars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many authors argue that candidates are more popular among voters from their own region. Two potential explanations have been suggested: voters' identification with their home region, and the representation of regional interests. The information on candidates' residence can be transmitted to voters in different ways, the most easily accessible way being information printed on the ballot paper. However, most studies on "friends and neighbour voting" use aggregate data. Studies that rely on individual level data usually put respondents in hypothetical situations and confront them with synthetic candidates, reducing their realism. To bridge this gap and to test the effect of providing information on the candidates' residence, we use data from a survey experiment to analyze voters' responses to ballot paper information on the regional background of real candidates in the 2014 European election in Germany. We find that voters in an open list PR election are more likely to support regional candidates if ballot paper information on the candidates' geographic background helps them to do so. The appeal of personal ties is a stronger explanation for vote preference than the one based on regional interests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Four experiments were conducted to test whether recent developments in display technology would suffice to eliminate the well-known disadvantages in reading from screen as compared with paper. Proofreading speed and performance were equal for a TFT-LCD and a paper display, but there were more symptoms of eyestrain in the screen condition accompanied by a strong preference for paper (Experiment 1). These results were replicated using a longer reading duration (Experiment 2). Additional experiments were conducted to test hypotheses about the reasons for the higher amount of eyestrain associated with reading from screen. Reduced screen luminance did not change the pattern of results (Experiment 3), but positioning both displays in equal inclination angles eliminated the differences in eyestrain symptoms and increased proofreading speed in the screen condition (Experiment 4). A paper-like positioning of TFT-LCDs seems to enable unimpaired reading without evidence of increased physical strain. Practitioner Summary: Given the developments in screen technology, a re-assessment of the differences in proofreading speed and performance, well-being, and preference between computer screen and paper was conducted. State-of-the-art TFT-LCDs enable unimpaired reading, but a book-like positioning of screens seems necessary to minimise eyestrain symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 5th International Conference on Behavioral Addictions was held in Cologne, Germany, April 23–25, 2018. It featured one of the largest concentrations of papers on pornography and sexual research presented in a single venue to date. Several key themes emerged from the conference. The theoretical basis for developing pornography and sexuality studies as components within the behavioral addiction research landscape is beginning to mature. Core components are the I-PACE theory and the development, validation, and employment in field studies of a steadily growing set of assessment tools including the Problematic Pornography Use Scale, the Brief Pornography Screener, and the Hypersexual Behavior Inventory. The field also benefitted from a keynote speech and a formal pro/con debate. The other principal debate was around the imminent release of ICD-11 by the World Health Organization and the way that Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder (CSBD) would be handled. There was a selection of papers looking at the debate from a variety of theoretical and practical points of view. Fieldwork from Poland suggested that well over 80% of people seeking treatment for CSBD had a problem with pornography use, rather than issues from acting out with real sexual partners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In France and Germany, significant networks of local initiatives have developed around energy issues. This article brings practitioners' viewpoints into discussion. It presents the way in which two of these networks – the CLER-network for the energy transition (France) and the 100% – Regions network (Germany) – each identifies itself, describes its action and build-up process in relation to government action, and conceives of justice issues in the field of climate energy policy. The analysis shows that these two networks share a lot, including political ends (localisation of energy production, empowerment of rural territories), but practice quite differently as intermediaries for local initiatives. This suggests overcoming the transition management vs grassroots divide present in the literature and paying more attention to hybrids. It also brings emphasis on a type of intermediary's work, which has not been covered by the academic literature, namely that of tinkering with multiple supports and embedding action in local-national-supranational networking in order to maintain continuity. In discussing justice dimensions, we emphasize that motives or ends of action are only reflectively related to ideas of justice: justice issues seem bound up with a politics of assembling, either as a marker of federative action (all fighting for justice) or as a potentially divisive issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Construct: In this study, we examine the differences in test performance between the paper-based and the computer-based version of the Berlin formative Progress Test. In this context it is the first study that allows controlling for students’ prior performance.Background: Computer-based tests make possible a more efficient examination procedure for test administration and review. Although university staff will benefit largely from computer-based tests, the question arises if computer-based tests influence students’ test performance.Approach: A total of 266 German students from the 9th and 10th semester of medicine (comparable with the 4th-year North American medical school schedule) participated in the study (paper = 132, computer = 134). The allocation of the test format was conducted as a randomized matched-pair design in which students were first sorted according to their prior test results. The organizational procedure, the examination conditions, the room, and seating arrangements, as well as the order of questions and answers, were identical in both groups.Results: The sociodemographic variables and pretest scores of both groups were comparable. The test results from the paper and computer versions did not differ. The groups remained within the allotted time, but students using the computer version (particularly the high performers) needed significantly less time to complete the test. In addition, we found significant differences in guessing behavior. Low performers using the computer version guess significantly more than low-performing students in the paper-pencil version.Conclusions: Participants in computer-based tests are not at a disadvantage in terms of their test results. The computer-based test required less processing time. The reason for the longer processing time when using the paper-pencil version might be due to the time needed to write the answer down, controlling for transferring the answer correctly. It is still not known why students using the computer version (particularly low-performing students) guess at a higher rate. Further studies are necessary to understand this finding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several studies have investigated the relationship between the energy performance of buildings and housing prices. First, this paper identifies a price premium for energy efficiency within the German rental market. Then, the indexed price differences and associated marginal benefits are compared with the marginal costs of energy retrofits. An extensive database of Germany's largest online platform for housing over a time span from 2016 to 2020 is used in a hedonic regression approach. In addition, to extract the marginal costs of energy consumption abatement, a dataset of 1048 rental units regarding green-retrofit measures is utilized. Although a significant green premium is identified in the rental market, the findings suggest that it is not high enough to compensate landlords for the money they have to spend to retrofit. The marginal costs exceed the marginal benefits by far. Furthermore, it is found that the German government's recent plans to split the carbon tax between landlords and tenants do not change this because the price per metric ton of carbon is insufficiently high. Limitations with respect to the data basis and consequently to the interpretation of the results exist. Nevertheless, the findings can help both tenants and landlords in their decision-making, as well as policy makers in the implementation of decarbonization efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the European Commission's guidance paper (GP) and the relevance and effectiveness of reforming Article 82 through a soft-law tool, and whether the GP demonstrates an effective means of compliance for Germany. The EU aspires to launch GP's features that will analyze concepts such as consumer welfare, anti-competitive foreclosure, and consumer harm. It discusses how the GP could be professed from the viewpoint of German competition law and policy, and the kind of transitional regime required for an effective completion of its main analytical concepts. It notes that it is therefore important to come up an overall balance between both the efficiencies and competitive-harm policy when enforcing Article 82 despite all the criticism.

Copyright of European Journal of Social Work is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic led to restrictions in production worldwide. Numerous firms were affected and unable to keep up production due to lockdowns. In disruptive events like this, the resilience of the production system is of central importance, as the survivability of the entire firm depends on it. In this context, the literature argues that cutting-edge technologies, such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), raise the proactive and reactive capabilities of firms, enabling them to better resist and recover from disruptive events and thus, show a higher resilience. This paper takes up this topic and observes the Covid-19 pandemic with the aim to analyse whether a firm's AI-readiness had an impact on its production resilience during the spring 2020 lockdown in Germany. For this purpose, we combine two large-scale surveys containing data from 237 manufacturers in Germany and test hypotheses based on quantitative analyses. Our results show that firms could indeed benefit from AI-enabled production during the lockdown. However, it is also clear that manufacturers have to exceed a certain AI threshold to significantly increase their resilient capabilities and realise positive effects. Our findings not only hold implications for research, but also provide recommendations for the resilience management of manufacturers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on satellite imagery in combination with ground data measurements and numerical modelling, the distribution patterns of water masses along the German Baltic Sea coast of the state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (M-V) were investigated. The dynamic processes forming these patterns are driven by the local wind. Distinct wind directions induce typical features in several regions of the M-V coast. The processes considered are the distribution of Oder river water in the Pomeranian Bight, the upwelling off Hiddensee and off the coast of the Mecklenburg Bight including the Warnow river outflow, and the special dynamic regime in Lübeck Bay. In the Pomeranian Bight, a strong relation was found between the wind and transport direction of river water which was also applied to interpret the distribution of inorganic and organic pollutants. During easterly winds, different upwelling cells arise with the highest intensity in the Hiddensee area. The cells merge by increasing wind velocity. Lübeck Bay is mainly excluded from water exchange during the dominant wind directions. The first results of this systematic remote sensing study along the entire coast of M-V are summarized and will be continued to support the coastal monitoring programme of regional authorities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How do media discourses on German national identity differ before and after the arrival of refugees in 2015/16? National identity discourses are often closely linked to immigration dynamics, inter alia due to boundary making through the othering of immigrants. While this relation is well documented in the case of Germany, scholars have yet to study how the arrival of refugees in 2015/16 has been integrated in discourses on national identity in more detail. In this paper, we conduct an inductive qualitative content analysis of Die ZEIT, Süddeutsche Zeitung and Bild am Sonntag in 2014 and 2019 and find an important shift within the media representation of German national identity. While in 2014, a self-understanding of Germany as an immigration country dominated the media landscape, by 2019, national identity discourses became more fragmented and neither the idea of a tolerant Germany nor the idea of an anti-immigration Germany clearly dominated. Based on this analysis, we argue that 2015/16 can be understood as a turning point for discourses on German national identity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In contrast to the other papers in this special issue, this paper reflects a specific case of co-agency between states and individual migrants, particularly students and alumni networks. Based on a qualitative case study with 29 Georgian students and 14 institutions and organizations, this paper explores the impact of Georgian alumni on polity building in Georgia. Here we can observe two phases: Firstly, the states of Georgia and of Germany act as co-agents by facilitating migration to young Georgian students by financing their studies in Germany (student scholarships) with the objective that the students return and transfer their knowledge to the country of origin. Subsequently, the Georgian alumni who studied law in Germany act as co-agents between different institutions in both countries. In doing so, they transform state institutions by themselves and contribute to the development of the legal and political system in Georgia. They do that particularly in such important legal fields like constitutional law, civic law, and criminal law, but also in the creation of parliamentarism based on a bicameral system or the promotion of separation of church and state in Georgia. That takes place after return migration as well as from Germany through transnational networks and mobility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on migrant youth's school transitions has focused on the country of residence, ignoring migrant youth's pre-migration lives in the country of origin. Drawing on 14 months of multi-sited ethnographic fieldwork between Ghana and Germany, this paper instead analyses school transitions through migrant youth's mobility trajectories, encompassing all geographic moves and concurrent family constellations over time and space, both before and after migration. A mobility lens shows how resources gained in the country of origin – including confidence, discipline, respect, and adaptability – help migrant youth navigate their school transitions in the country of residence, thus becoming forms of transnational cultural capital. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Small Business & Entrepreneurship is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The introduction of self-service technology (SST), particularly self-checkout and self-scan services, has gained increasing attention from German retail. But to date, end-customer SST use has not developed extensively. The majority of German customers still prefer to use the traditional checkout service counter. The purpose of this paper is to explore how trust, fun, and usefulness can attract inexperienced prospective adopters and experienced customers to use SST. For this, our study investigated the intention to use an SST as a holistic system (self-scan and self-checkout) and considered trust in the SST technology for the first time. Also the interplay between fun and perceived usefulness has not been investigated before. The data were collected using an online questionnaire and in front of a German hypermarket that offers SST. The sample (n = 222) consists of both inexperienced and experienced customers. The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling in SmartPLS4. Results demonstrate fun is a decisive factor for a holistic SST system that incorporates the task of self-scanning and self-checkout. This also holds for trust and perceived usefulness. With regard to experienced and prospective users, the results show different effects in the importance of both groups. Fun is crucial for prospective users. For experienced users, benefits and trust become more important for long-term usage. Trust is an essential aspect for both user types. Managerial implications are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines school management and policies in Germany and Australia during the Covid-19 pandemic. The study, which is comparative and qualitative, explores the interrelationship between different levels of governance and the responses of teacher unions. The inquiry is informed by the perspectives of historical institutionalism and path dependency, and the document analysis is conducted by utilising the justification categories of value, collective, and formal and procedural driven arguments. We argue the contestation which occurred between different levels of school governance and the teacher unions amidst the pandemic created the potential for changes in policy settings and influence over the administration of schooling. However, there is no indication of fundamental shifts in the organisation, policy direction or control over schooling in Germany or Australia. Instead, there is a conformity to established institutional arrangements and path dependencies, which secure and protect the vested interests of the different policy actors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the last decades, scholars have increasingly called for the 'deterritorialization' of the notion of citizenship. The realities concerning citizenship have changed with new expressions of transnationalism. However, whereas the main body of research has focused on the transnational aspects of citizenship among migrants in the form of their transnational political practices and dual nationalities, their descendants have received far less attention. This paper examines the political practices of Kurdish migrants' descendants in France and Germany and their narratives of identity and citizenship. We employ migrant descendants' political activism as an empirical entry point to gain insight into the meanings they attach to citizenship. The paper draws from two qualitative datasets collected in France (2015–2017) and Germany (2015–2023) with individuals of Kurdish background, who were born to migrant families arriving from Turkey in the 1980s and 1990s. The findings show that national contexts – both in grandparents'/parents' country of departure and the country of arrival – and the transnational, diasporic and even supranational space (EU) shape migrant descendants' political activism, identity construction and consequently resonate in the meanings they attach to citizenship. This study highlights the need to approach migrants' descendants as transnational citizens in their own right. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents abstracts of medical education, which include the use of games as teaching tools in surgical residency, computer-based testing of the modified essay question and the joint U.S.-German collaboration project in medical education.

Social workers engaged in combating violence and possessing expertise in group facilitation should demonstrate a thorough comprehension of various group methodologies and be acquainted with exemplar instances of good practice. This article delineates the Fathers' and Men's Group Project, a support group run by Turkish immigrants in Germany since its inception 17 years ago, subsequently evolving into an anti-violence support group recognized nationwide. The paper investigates the manner in which fathers encountering diverse challenges and requirements receive support, which is demonstrated through a practical example. The support group facilitates the provision of assistance to men by individuals sharing comparable experiences, thereby enhancing their social support networks, refining their problem-solving capabilities, and promoting awareness regarding violence. The objective of this paper is to equip social work instructors, students, and graduates with an understanding of the dynamics, functioning, and characteristics of support groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Leadership has long been acknowledged as a crucial feature of social movement activity. Theorisation has delved into the types of leadership and, more recently, the activities performed by leaders. However, comparative research on leadership and detection of any changes over time is scant. Our paper attends to these tasks by looking at the activities of two German-speaking far-right leaders. For many years, Christian Worch was one of the most active and influential neo-Nazi leaders in Germany, communicating much of his activity and strategy in the mid-2000s through a regular circular (Rundbriefe). Similarly, Martin Sellner, both as leader of the Identitarian movement and independent activist, today exercises an outsized role in the German-speaking far-right scene, including through his regular publications in the magazines Compact and Sezession. Our paper uses data of Worch’s and Sellner’s writings, scraped from webpages and gathered from archives, in a mixed-methods comparative design to identify the tasks performed by these leaders, and how frequently. Quantitative text analysis techniques guide the qualitative evaluation of leaders’ activities and reveal shifts – and continuities – in far-right movement leadership. The paper thereby contributes to scholarship on an important aspect of contemporary far-right movements as well as broader social movement literature on the topic of leadership. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the reasons why states occasionally do not adhere to the behavioural expectations as prescribed by their foreign policy master roles. To that end, it proposes four potential drivers for such 'role violations', namely: exogenous pressure, political survival, lack of issue salience and ensuing bureaucratic decision-making, and unclear role demands in ambiguous decision contexts. Empirically, the paper examines the plausibility of those drivers for the case of Germany's abstention in the United Nations Security Council vote on resolution 1973 on Libya. It suggests that in that particular case considerations of political survival made civilian power Germany act out of character. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Germany traditionally supports multilateral economic rules and European integration, but also pursues nation-centred policies in key economic policy areas. In the last decade, German governments prioritised national goals over multilateral governance, for instance, by opposing the regulation of export surpluses to reduce global imbalances, by deciding to phase-out nuclear energy without embedding this course in a multilateral European agreement, and by imposing austerity rules in the Eurozone crisis instead of enabling an integrative balancing of member states' positions. Why did German governments engage in nation-centred economic policies that privilege national concerns over multilateral rules and European compromise in the 2010s? I argue that these policies correlate with domestic alignments between material interests of lobby groups and ideational expectations of voters as well as with governmental and media framings. The paper employs the societal approach to governmental preference formation in analysing the domestic politics of nation-centred policies regarding global imbalances and trade surplus, unilateral energy transition, and the imposition of austerity and debt brake in the Eurozone crisis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports findings from an exploratory study on multilingual speakers conducted in Germany. Data were collected using a questionnaire instrument launched in 2021. To our knowledge, this is the first enquiry into multilinguals' own perception of their spoken languages in Germany. The core research questions addressed in this paper are (1) whether some languages are perceived as more valuable or prestigious than others by their speakers and (2) whether speakers of certain languages experience discrimination more often than speakers of other languages. In the data exploration it was assumed that (a) all languages other than English, French, Italian, and Spanish (besides Latin the standard foreign languages in schools) will be valued 'lower'; and (b) speakers will report experiences of discrimination with respect to their use of those languages other than German or the foreign languages mentioned above. The results indeed demonstrate differences in the perceived value and prestige of certain languages. Multivariate statistical analyses indicate that L1 speakers of languages with perceived lower value (e.g. Turkish) experience discrimination significantly more often than L1 speakers of other home languages (e.g. English). Additionally, qualitative data analyses exemplify levels of discrimination and lived experience of languages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sociolinguistics has seen an emergence of new theoretical perspectives that somehow cater for the, according to Li, 'complex linguistic realities of the twenty-first century' (2017, p.14). Thus 'overwriting' conventional ways of understanding language/language use and its relation to identity construction. Taking these changes as a starting point, this paper expands research into complex identity construction of students attending a complementary language school and investigation of linguistic repertoires of German language learners through language portrait work. The motivation for the research presented in this paper is to explore the relationship between linguistic repertoires and complex identities of young people attending a complementary language school in a multilingual city. It suggests an organic approach to investigating the relationship between young people as social beings, that are more than 'just' language learners per se, and the ways they use organic linguistic repertoires (OLRs) to construct their complex linguistic identities. The findings presented in this paper highlight the complexities of young people's identities in relation to their OLR. The term OLR points towards the dynamic nature of 'languages'. Although these terms point toward a dynamic understanding of language and identity the term OLR seems to foreground the changing nature of these, pointing toward their 'aliveness'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Twelve qualitative case studies in German and Canadian hospitals and IT companies were used in this mixed-methods study analysing the labour market outcomes of immigrants. The reported case studies investigate the immigrants' recognition, integration process and the usability of foreign qualifications, skills and work experiences in the labour market. Furthermore, the strategies and rationales of employers and employees within the recruiting process are analysed. Here, the focus lies on the transferability and obstacles of cultural and social capital across country borders as well as the relevant framework conditions. This paper refers to Bourdieu's approach towards different types of capital as well as the rational choice theory. The results demonstrate that immigrants in both countries face more obstacles accessing the labour market within the health sector than within the IT sector. The context of the recruiting situation strongly affects the strategies and behaviour of the employers or the recruiters. Within these sector- and country-specific confines, individual factors determine the immigrants' labour market success. Furthermore, the sector and the country affect the relevance of each individual factor in the recruiting process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents the abstracts of papers presented at the 19th European Platelet Meeting in Germany on October 14-16, 2004. Role of metabolic arrest in suppressing platelet binding to and phagocytosis by macrophages; Thrombogenic effect of human collagens; Synergism of lysophosphatidic acid and collagen in inducing platelet aggregation.

Presents abstracts of papers presented at the 10th Erfurt Conference on Platelets held on June 20-23 at Augustiner-Kloster in Erfurt, Germany. "Enrichment of Blood Platelets in Cholesterol Attenuates Platelet Response to Acetylsalicylic Acid," by M. A. Boncler and C. Watala; "Leukocyte-Platelet Aggregates as a Marker of Inflammation," by L. Bouriachkovskaia, I. Uchitel, N. Dovlatova and T. E. Pogorelova; "Identification of Novel Receptors on Platelets," by P. Bugert, A. Dugrillon and H. Klüter.

This article focuses on the abstracts of several papers presented at the 18th European Platelet meeting in Romrod Castle, Giessen, Germany. Upon activation platelets shed of parts of their surface membrane in form of small micro-vesciles. These platelet-derived microvesicles (PMV) are highly procoagulant due to an enrichment of negatively charged phospholipids in their outer membrane leaflet. Additionally they are capable to transfer platelet-derived tissue factor to monocytes. Plasma concentrations of PMV are elevated in some clinical conditions such as sepsis, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, cardiopulmonal bypass, acute coronary syndrome.

Presents the abstracts of papers presented at the XVIIth European Platelet Meeting at Eberbach, Germany on October 10-12 2002. 'Comparison of the athrombogenic and anti-thrombogenic properties of regioselectively modified polysacharides on the surface of blood vessels and on biomaterials'; 'Differential regulation and re-localization of the patelet P2 receptors after long term activation.

This paper estimates the impact of the different proximity dimensions on the subsequent innovation performance of firms which received radical knowledge spillovers. The analysis for the case of biotechnology small- and medium-sized firms (SMEs) in Germany is based on a dataset covering the period from 1998 to 2017. Results indicate the positive impact of social and organizational proximity on the innovation performance of radical knowledge recipients. Geographical proximity has a negative impact, whereas for cognitive proximity a U-shaped relation is observed. The paper contributes to the innovation economics and economic geography literature by underlining the peculiarities of the effectiveness of radical knowledge spillovers. Additionally, the importance of policy support for SMEs across regions and technological fields is highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How political speech is regulated has changed, with online spaces presenting new challenges. Private platforms now play a significant role in providing spaces for political speech with their own rules and algorithms. This paper examines the current state of legal regulation for political speech, both online and offline, and identifies gaps in governance. As we navigate the ever-evolving landscape of online political speech, it is essential to consider the changing and stricter rules that are being put in place. Private actors have played a crucial role in providing space for this speech. It is worth examining the similarities and differences between offline and online political speech and advertising regulation to ensure everyone's voices are heard and respected. Analyzing applicable public and private law, we investigate how different compliance pulls from national and EU law (existing and upcoming) influence the commitments made by the parties, using the most recent federal elections in Germany as an example. Thus, we assess the German legislative framework, which is also influenced by EU legislation. These investigations reflect new European rules, including the Digital Services Act. After analyzing how parties engage with national law and (self-regulatory) commitments, the paper provides suggestions for improving online speech governance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ommo Grupe (1930–2015) was referred to as the 'Nestor of German sport pedagogy and sport science' in various obituaries. The paper considers the life and work of Ommo Grupe, which he dedicated to sports and sport science in West Germany against the background of the development of West Germany until the German reunification of 1989/1990. Grupe represented a common knowledge and sense in West Germany concerning sport and physical education. Sport should be free, human and democratic, united in this spirit, independent of the state and based on fundamental principles as recorded in the Olympic Charter, and on the traditions of European enlightenment and New Humanism. Physical education and sport science as a 'Querschnittswissenschaft' (cross-sectional science) should be taught, researched and established as an interdisciplinary subject in the cultural and academic contexts of life at universities and in schools. This paper considers the development of West German sport(s), sport(s) science(s) and physical education, reflected in the life and work of Ommo Grupe. It is based both on Grupe's books and writings, on original documents, and not least on experiences and knowledge deriving from my own joint work with Ommo Grupe in Tuebingen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Climate Strike Movement (or Fridays for Future) is one of the most prominent transnational protest movements nowadays. In this paper, I examine the reactions of politicians to this movement to answer the research question: To what extent have German Members of Parliament (MPs) been responsive to local environmentalist street protests by focusing their attention on the Climate Strike Movement and Environmental Policy? To this end, I apply dictionary-based quantitative text-analytical tools to study German MPs' political communication through 292,949 Facebook posts and 43,644 parliamentary debates between September 2017 and February 2020. Focussing on the effect of the first global climate strike in March 2019 and leveraging varying protest frequencies between the electoral districts, I show that MPs are responsive to protest events in their districts. More local street protest events in an electoral district led to more attention to the Climate Strike Movement and Environmental Policies by political representatives associated with that district. Comparing different discursive arenas, I show how politicians adjust their communication according to the arena's audience, with protests affecting the political attention to environmental policies more in parliamentary debates than on social media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

'Sustainable Development' can be understood as a widely used discourse that has become even more prominent since the publication of the UN Agenda 2030 for Sustainable Development in 2015. In this paper we analyze the way sustainable development discourse unfolds within the context of development aid in Germany by undertaking a discourse analysis of reports on development policy published 1973–2017 by the German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development. Our analysis reveals that the sustainable development discourse is characterized by distinct components and storylines that change over time. We detect, in general, a shift away from a focus on environmental protection toward an emphasis on the role of the private sector in leading sustainable development. We argue, therefore, that although development is now only legitimate if it is 'sustainable', the discourse apparently facilitates the uneven allocation of development aid. The concern that arises here is that although Agenda 2030 pledges to take "bold and transformative steps' to secure the planet and to leave 'no one behind" the least developed states who cannot provide 'private sector opportunities' or fulfil 'national self-responsibilities' for sustainable development are indeed being 'left behind'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As mentioned in official reports, the number of scholars migrating from countries with autocratic regimes or/and at war to neighborhoods or Europe is increasing due to continuing attacks on scientists and academic institutions in those countries. This paper studies this phenomenon through the analysis of the data collected through a research project involving interviews with 10 experts and 22 exiled scholars who fled their home countries to Germany after 2015. Within this context, the paper particularly focuses on the experiences of scholars, who were provided by academic humanitarian actors with scholarships/positions at universities or research institutes in Germany to continue their academic work in safety. The paper suggests defining the recently expanding supporting networks for at-risk scholars as 'academic humanitarianism', which refers to a domain of power and a regime of governing that emerged at the intersection of two social fields: higher education and humanitarianism. Analyzing their narratives on their academic experiences in Germany, the paper concludes that despite the target of academic humanitarian actors to integrate this superfluous population of academia into German higher education (GHE), the unintentional result is their 'inclusive-exclusion' due to conflicting social forces (re)producing epistemic and dispositional hierarchies that exist in German universities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents information on the 26th annual German Association for Stable Isotope Research (GASIR) meeting on October 6-8, 2003 in Cologne, Germany. Topics discussed in the meeting; Impact of isotope research in biomedicine and biochemistry; Information on the scientific programs of GASIR in the field of ecology, geology and hydrology.

Presents the abstracts of papers presented at the 8th Erfurt Conference on Platelets in Germany. 'Comparison of Different Methods of Measuring GPIIB/IIIA-Receptor Inhibition' by A. Matzdorff, G. Kuhnel and R. Voss; 'Use of a Microplate Reader for Measurement of Platelet' by S. Krause, T. Scholz, W. Wosch.

The focus of this paper is the affective dimension of far-right discourses which we consider challenges for teaching. The rise of the far-right in many parts of the world has led to a growing body of work in the social sciences. However, as the topic has become the subject of academic scrutiny its controversial nature also demands a debate on teaching strategies and principles. Drawing on two courses on the political geography of the far-right taught at two German universities, we propose paying special attention to the affective potentials of far-right discourses and taking a normative anti-fascist approach to facilitate critical thinking, solidarity, and empathy in the classroom. Additionally, we also urge educators to pay close attention to emotions students might experience when analysing and discussing the far-right. This paper situates the case studies within the context of far-right mobilisations in Germany and describes the challenges of developing the syllabus and the teaching strategies. It concludes with data from a survey amongst students who attended the courses on the perception and emotional reaction towards the far-right showing that students are affected and potentially frustrated given the current success of the far-right but also see the need for counter action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This comprehensive study focuses on analyzing the growth of research in the domain of ocean acidification using various bibliometric methods. Datasets were retrieved from Scopus databases using keywords pertaining to the subjects, and detailed analysis was made to understand the growth of literature, publication trends, authorship pattern, keywords, country-wise distribution, and leading institutes working in the subject domain of ocean acidification. The resultant data show that a significant portion (37.83%) of the research documents are published in open-access journals. The finding shows that 76.06% of the total publication has published in the last seven years (2013–2019). In the year 2017, research in this subject reached its peak with the highest number of publications 697 (12.54%). The top 15 journals published around 34.04% (1,891) of the entire research documents. GEOMAR Helmholtz Center for Ocean Research Kiel, Germany, has produced the highest number of research papers (5.42%) followed by Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research, Germany (4.66%), and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the USA, with 4.39% of research documents. It has been found that Biogeosciences published by European Geosciences Union is the most preferred journal by researchers for publishing their work followed by Plos One covering around 215 (3.87%) papers and Marine Ecology Progress Series of 166 (2.99%) articles. A significant portion of the research documents are published in the sub-subject domain of Agricultural and Biological Sciences (55.31%), followed by Environmental Science (42.03%) and Earth and Planetary Sciences subject domains (37.99%). There has been an unparalleled growth of ocean acidification research during the last decade. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Employing new and original survey data collected in three waves (April/May and November 2020 as well as May 2021) in Germany, this paper studies the dynamics of individual-level support for additional health care spending. A first major finding is that, so far, health care spending preferences have not radically changed during the Covid-19 pandemic, at least at the aggregate level. A more detailed analysis reveals, secondly, that individual-level support for additional spending on health care is strongly conditioned by performance perceptions and, to a lesser extent, general political trust. Citizens who regard the system as badly (well) prepared to cope with the crisis are more likely to support (oppose) additional spending. Higher levels of political trust are also positively associated with spending support, but to a lesser degree. The paper concludes by discussing the implications of these findings for policy-making and welfare state politics in the post-pandemic era. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We explore the experiences of LGBT* ethnic minority entrepreneurs, their changing locations and their entrepreneurial activities. Using a unique mixed-method approach which collected empirical data from Germany and the Netherlands, the paper combines an ethnographic fieldwork of intersectional entrepreneurs, community activists and policy-makers with an original survey with LGBT* customers. Our findings contribute to understanding of intersectionality by revealing the role played by the contextualized embeddedness of intersectional entrepreneurs at the different geographic scales of supranational, national, regional and inter and intra-urban. While such embeddedness frames the challenges they face, it also provides opportunities for intersectional entrepreneurs. Using a multi-scalar perspective, this paper delivers a spatially contextual perspective of entrepreneurial diversity and provides a framework to analyse the complex issues and contexts with which intersectional entrepreneurs are both confronted and embedded within. This paper contributes to refining the spatial context of entrepreneurship which has gained attention in recent studies of entrepreneurship and regional development. The paper responds to a call for gender entrepreneurship scholars to contribute to understanding of intersectional entrepreneurship. Finally, this study goes beyond the binary view of female migrant entrepreneurship by adopting a more gender diverse lens which considers the experiences of LGBT* entrepreneurs from ethnic minorities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]