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This paper makes three observations: 1) that preference is a partial ordering in one-dimension; 2) that a product, or a service, may be high-dimensional; consequently, and 3) transitivity, or its lack, results from choice of the direction for projection from high to low dimensions. The mass customization of cellular telephone designs gives this paper a context. The dimensions of the product space are: function, size, styling, color, etc. The medium for presentation (i.e., screen or paper), however, is necessarily two-dimensional (2-D). A criterion for projection is to preserve the information (such as, the similarity between the products, manifested as clusters, and the market opportunities, manifested as voids) from the high dimension. Drawing upon an analogy from the deformation mechanics of materials, the equilibrium conditions are formulated as distance and curvature. Distances give the clustering information; curvature gives the shape information. Projection is then seen as the process that minimizes the deformation in the projected geometry. The findings then become apparent. There are infinitely many ways to project. In most projections, intransitivity of preference results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reports the improvement of frequency response characteristics of 2.5 Gbps modulator integrated distributed feedback (MI-DFB) laser modules using the frequency response impedance matching technique. Design and simulation of frequency response impedance matching in MI-DFB lasers; Performance operation of MI-DFB using microstrip line; Frequency response and Bit error rate characteristics from MI-DFB laser modules.

Vertical light-emitting diodes (LEDs) were successfully fabricated by a chemical lift-off process using a selectively etchable CrN buffer layer. The novel CrN metallic layer worked well as a buffer layer for growth of the GaN LED and was etched out clearly during selective chemical etching. The vertical LED by chemical lift-off showed very good current-voltage performance with low series resistance of 0.65 Omega and low operated voltage of 3.11 V at 350 mA. Also, this device could be operated at a much higher injection forward current (1118 mA at 3.70 V) by thermally conductive metal substrate which enabled the high current operation with excellent heat dissipation. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

A widely tunable wavelength conversion scheme has been demonstrated using a 64-m-long dispersion-flattened high-nonlinearity photonic crystal fiber in a nonlinear optical loop mirror. Wavelength conversion range of over 60 nm with a 10-Gb/s return-to-zero signal was obtained with the output extinction ratio (ER) maintained above 13 dB. The proposed scheme can also improve the output ER and remove the bit-error-rate floor if a degraded signal is used. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]