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Objective: To assess the overall trends in the development and citation impact of high‐impact papers in nursing research worldwide to gain insight into the focus areas of nursing research. Background: Bibliometric method is proved to be effective in analysing the papers' characteristics, and it gained considerable interest from the scientific community in recent years. An analysis of the characteristics and intrinsic patterns of high‐impact papers in nursing research will provide an objective reflection of the research hot spots. Nursing managers can pointedly increase funding amount and strengthen research cooperation in order to put the scientific results into management practice. Methods: Bibliometric methods and visualization software were used to comprehensively analyse high‐impact papers in nursing research in terms of development trends, countries/regions, distribution of subject areas, research institutes, collaborative networks and subject terms. Results: There were 6,886 papers between 2008 and 2018. The number of papers increased from 528 in 2008 to 723 in 2015, and then remained above 600 in 2016 and 2017. These papers were mainly distributed in nursing, oncology, paediatrics, gynaecology, teaching and education, and cardiac and cardiovascular systems and were cited by 128,845 papers that came from 89 Web of Science subject areas. Papers in nursing research accounted for the largest share of these citations. The top five countries in the world in terms of the number of high‐impact papers were the United States, Australia, the United Kingdom, Canada and Sweden. The research institutions with the highest number of high‐impact papers worldwide were the University of California System, the University of Pennsylvania, the University of North Carolina, the University of London and the University of Technology Sydney. In this data set, it was shown that research collaborative circles have been formed in the United States, Australia, Canada and Europe; the subject‐term analysis indicated that 'women' and 'students' have always been high‐interest populations for high‐impact papers and that cancer is still one of the greatest threats to human health. Furthermore, the subject terms of high‐impact papers in nursing research have gradually evolved from 'disease' and 'therapy' to 'symptoms'. Conclusion: In recent years, the number of high‐impact papers published each year in nursing research has grown over time. Nursing has been shown to be a highly specialized subject, and the majority of its high‐impact papers have been published by research institutions. Although cross‐regional collaborations are beginning to emerge, there is much room for improvement in this regard. Finally, women, students, cancer and symptomatic care are the current focus areas in nursing research. Implications for Nursing Management: This study informs nursing managers within the nursing research field about subject areas, collaborative networks and hot topics. It is beneficial to pay attention to studies, manage scientific outputs, allocate resources, seek cooperation and improve the work efficiency of scientific research management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim. To systematically map and identify key knowledge on organizational support for nurses' career planning and development. Design. Scoping review. Methods. Systematic electronic searches were carried out with the CINAHL, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases in May 2022. The searches were limited to scientific, peer-review papers that were published in English from January 2012 to May 2022. Data were extracted and synthetized and are presented in tables and text. The review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Results. We identified 1,400 papers and 28 met the inclusion criteria. Organizations recognized nurses' career planning and development in relation to the individual's professional development and the organization's need to promote high-quality services and workforce engagement. The organizational support included strategic work to ensure there were adequate resources and purposeful vacancies and a structured framework based on objective qualification criteria and equal assessment. Organizations focused on sharing knowledge, structured career planning, and interpersonal support. Support within the nursing profession and multilayered interprofessional collaboration were also important. Conclusion. Nurses' career planning and development was linked to their personal development and the organization's aims and required support from both fellow nurses and other professionals. Implications for the Nursing Management. Identifying the organizational structures and methods that are needed to support nurses' career planning and development can help nursing management to evaluate and develop strategies that improve the attractiveness of a nursing career and nurses' engagement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The last three census data highlighted that UK Bangladeshi communities have the worst health outcomes. This includes a higher risk of type two diabetes and heart diseases; both are risk factors for developing vascular dementia. However, little is known about Bangladeshi community members' understandings of dementia, including cultural myths. This paper focuses on the cultural myths, superstitions, and stigma surrounding dementia in an English Bangladeshi community from the direct experiences of people living with dementia, their caregivers, and the views of dementia service providers/stakeholders. This qualitative research was undertaken with three distinct participant groups using semistructured interviews (n = 25), who were recruited from community settings. The first and second participant groups explored the experiences of people with dementia (n = 10) and their family caregivers (n = 10). The third group examined stakeholders'/service providers' views (n = 5). Interviews were recorded digitally and transcribed verbatim. Findings were reached using an interpretive approach, emphasising the sense people make in their own lives and experiences and how they frame and understand dementia. The study revealed that participants with dementia and their caregivers have "alternative" knowledge about dementia and do not necessarily understand dementia in a Westernised scientific/biomedical context. Misconceptions about dementia and belief in various myths and superstitions can lead people to go to spiritual healers or practice traditional remedies rather than to their GPs, delaying their dementia diagnosis. This paper concludes that there is a lack of awareness among the Bangladeshi participants and a need for targeted awareness about dementia to help dispel cultural myths and combat the stigma surrounding dementia within the Bangladeshi community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose. This study aims to elucidate the gender gaps in the strategies for maintaining the social participation and interaction of older adults with people in a local community. Methods. The subjects were 130 older adults aged 65 years or older and independently living in their homes in Saitama, Saitama Prefecture, Japan. The authors conducted an anonymous questionnaire survey on paper and performed multiple regression analysis for men and women separately using the Lubben Social Network Scale-6 (LSNS-6) as the dependent variable. Results. Among the independent variables used for the analysis, those that significantly influenced LSNS-6 in men were social activities related to the daily life satisfaction of the elderly (SARDS). The independent variables that significantly influenced LSNS-6 in women were SARDS, sense of coherence-13 (SOC-13), and the number of family members living with the subjects. Discussion. Health promotion is not associated with interaction with people in men compared with women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. In addition to the usual difficulty of managing human capital in any organization, healthcare institutions have other problems to solve arising from the circumstances and the very nature of the work they perform, such as the ethical pressure on staff, emotional exhaustion, the distribution of work shifts, or the general shortage for nurses. In many cases, this situation has an impact on the quality of care. Objective. The main objective of this research is to compile, in a single document, human resource practices that help health centre managers improve results in terms of performance and quality of care, as well as avoid the intention of abandoning the job, specifically related to the work of nurses. Methods. To this end, a systematic literature review has been performed based on 229 papers published in the Web of Science database, from which the practical implications for nurses proposed by these authors have been extracted. Results. The main results suggest that developing affective commitment helps to improve organizational performance and enhance patient safety culture. Furthermore, improving communication and meaningfulness of work, recognition by superiors, or job flexibility would improve the quality of outcomes, for the work of nurses. Conclusions and Implications for Nursing. Stimulating normative commitment, reducing excessive control, and paying attention to job burnout and job stress help combat the intention of voluntary turnover or leaving the job, especially in the case of nurses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given the aging population, finding solutions to retain optimal cognitive capacity is a research priority. The potential of physical activity to reduce the risk of cognitive decline and to enhance cognitive functioning is established. Combining physical with cognitive activity has been put forward as a potentially even more effective way to promote healthy cognitive aging. Most studies on combined interventions have however been conducted in laboratory settings. This paper reports on a two-phased pilot study evaluating the acceptability and feasibility of a newly developed real-life cognitively enriched walking program for adults aged 65+ years. In Phase I, the feasibility and enjoyability of the cognitive tasks was evaluated by conducting walk-along interviews with older adults (n = 163). In Phase II, the cognitively enriched walking program was piloted in two groups of older adults (n = 19), and the feasibility and acceptability of the program and cognitive tasks was evaluated by means of questionnaires and focus groups. The cognitive tasks (i.e., median scores of ≥3 on a total of 4 (Phase I) and ≥6 on a total of 10 (Phase II) for most of the tasks) and the cognitively enriched walking program (i.e., median scores of ≥7 on a total of 10) were considered feasible and acceptable. Based on the input of the participants, key considerations for a feasible and acceptable program were defined: participants should be sufficiently challenged cognitively and physically, social interaction is an important motivator, cognitive tasks should make use of stimuli reflecting daily life and be conducted in group, the rationale for the tasks should be explained to participants, the frequency of the group sessions should be maximum 2 times a week, and the program should be supervised by a trained coach. These results warrant future research to establish the effectiveness of this program. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The plate-like graphene shells (GS) produced by an original methane pyrolysis method and their derivatives graphene oxide (GO) and graphene oxide paper (GO-P) were evaluated with luminescent Escherichia coli biotests and additional bacterial-based assays which together revealed the graphene-family nanomaterials’ toxicity and bioactivity mechanisms. Bioluminescence inhibition assay, fluorescent two-component staining to evaluate cell membrane permeability, and atomic force microscopy data showed GO expressed bioactivity in aqueous suspension, whereas GS suspensions and the GO-P surface were assessed as nontoxic materials. The mechanism of toxicity of GO was shown not to be associated with oxidative stress in the targeted soxS::lux and katG::lux reporter cells; also, GO did not lead to significant mechanical disruption of treated bacteria with the release of intracellular DNA contents into the environment. The well-coordinated time- and dose-dependent surface charge neutralization and transport and energetic disorders in the Escherichia coli cells suggest direct membrane interaction, internalization, and perturbation (i.e., “membrane stress”) as a clue to graphene oxide’s mechanism of toxicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: This study aimed to identify high‐impact papers on global nursing to determine and analyse the publication of articles on core competencies in nursing‐related journals and the research trends in the era of globalization. Background: Bibliometrics has been shown to be an effective method for analysing publications. Through bibliometrics, nursing managers and researchers can understand the trends of high‐impact international nursing core competencies research, identify mainstream research directions and obtain relevant knowledge and information, thereby facilitating the translation of research outcomes into nursing management practice. Evaluation: The study adopted bibliometric analysis and the VOSviewer software to explore dynamic publication trends and analyse the current situation of nursing research from a comprehensive development perspective, which was realized by searching for nursing core competencies papers in the Web of Science (WoS) database, calculating citations and determining the trends of the most influential papers. Key issues: Nursing core competencies research grew rapidly between 1997 and 2022. Countries with the most core competencies publications were the United States, England, Australia and Canada. The Journal of Nursing Management has attracted substantial attention from researchers worldwide. Education, Management and Nurses were the most frequently used keywords in the study. A total of 534 papers were retrieved from the WoS database with the main research fields, including nursing, business economics, public environmental occupational health and health care science services. Conclusion: Equipping nursing graduates with core competencies has always been an important goal of global medical and nursing education. This study analysed papers across 35 years, most of which were published in the Journal of Nursing Management. In addition, the study identified some of the main research topics of nursing management, such as the integration of education with nursing management and the cultivation of nurses' core competencies. The study also provides a fresh review of highly cited articles. The results of the study show that high‐quality articles play the role of improving both the quality and the quantity of related research. By analysing the trends of the research on core competencies, this study lays a bibliometric foundation for researchers regarding international journals, hot topics and relevant fields. In addition, the highly cited articles reveal new perspectives for the nursing field, providing inspiration for nursing management and education researchers. Implications for Nursing Management: This study provides scholars and managers with an overview of the current situation of nursing management research and the development of benchmark journals. The study provides researchers not only with a better understanding of various international journals, allowing them to transition out of traditional thinking in the era of science and technology, but also with innovative thinking by combining research with nursing management. The results of this study invite nursing managers to study relevant topics of core competencies and integrate information technology to education, management and nurses, thereby contributing to nursing management and educational research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Health services research is important in improving health systems' and providers' efficiency and effectiveness. This may require health services to intervene at an individual and community level to address people's complex social issues. An important issue is social connections, which have been identified as a social determinant of health and can help buffer stressful life events. Social support networks can be visualized using eco-maps, a tool that originated in child welfare practices and has been adopted widely by clinicians and researchers. This paper aims to understand where and how eco-maps have been used in health services research. To answer the research questions, this scoping review used the Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines for scoping reviews. In total, 70 studies were included in the scoping review. The authors found that social support denoted in an eco-map does not guarantee the provision of support; however, the dialogue needed to create an eco-map could facilitate conversations about care expectations, identification of vulnerable points or risk factors, and actions to improve family and individual functioning. A significant gap remains in the knowledge and use of eco-maps in identifying population service and resource gaps and how to bridge the knowledge-to-action chasm better. Further exploration is needed to examine how to optimize the application of eco-mapping in the health services context, including generating guidelines, templates, or instructions for implementation. Therefore, addressing this gap is vital for ensuring eco-mapping informs future service design and policy changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. The deterministic fiber tracking method has the advantage of high computational efficiency and good repeatability, making it suitable for the noninvasive estimation of brain structural connectivity in clinical fields. To address the issue of the current classical deterministic method tending to deviate in the tracking direction in the region of crossing fiber region, in this paper, we propose an adaptive correction-based deterministic white matter fiber tracking method, named FTACTD. Methods. The proposed FTACTD method can accurately track white matter fibers by adaptively adjusting the deflection direction strategy based on the tensor matrix and the input fiber direction of adjacent voxels. The degree of correction direction changes adaptively according to the shape of the diffusion tensor, mimicking the actual tracking deflection angle and direction. Furthermore, both forward and reverse tracking techniques are employed to track the entire fiber. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated and quantified using both simulated and real brain datasets. Various indicators such as invalid bundles (IB), valid bundles (VB), invalid connections (IC), no connections (NC), and valid connections (VC) are utilized to assess the performance of the proposed method on simulated data and real diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) data. Results. The experimental results of the simulated data show that the FTACTD method tracks outperform existing methods, achieving the highest number of VB with a total of 13 bundles. Additionally, it identifies the least number of incorrect fiber bundles, with only 32 bundles identified as wrong. Compared to the FACT method, the FTACTD method reduces the number of NC by 36.38%. In terms of VC, the FTACTD method surpasses even the best performing SD_Stream method among deterministic methods by 1.64%. Extensive in vivo experiments demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method in terms of tracking more accurate and complete fiber paths, resulting in improved continuity. Conclusion. The FTACTD method proposed in this study indicates superior tracking results and provides a methodological basis for the investigating, diagnosis, and treatment of brain disorders associated with white matter fiber deficits and abnormalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Cancer diagnosis is a complex and multifaceted process that can be stressful and anxiety-provoking for patients. Evidence-based tools and information aids that can be used for guiding and supporting patients during cancer investigations and after diagnosis are limited. This paper presents a user-centred codesign project that aims to develop a cancer pathway support tool for patients, carers, and healthcare professionals. Method. A mixed-method codesign approach was used including prototype development (January–March 2022), three online codesign workshops (April–June 2022), one-to-one feedback, and beta testing informed by the standardised Theoretical Framework of Acceptability (TFA) questionnaire (July–October 2022). Nine individuals with lived experience of cancer contributed to the project and are referred to as codesigners. Results. The codesigners valued the potential importance of a tool that can be used by the patients and carers if they want specific information about cancer investigations, diagnosis, and treatment. The ability to select what they need as opposed to long leaflets and generating their own questions for the healthcare providers were highlighted as important aspects of improving patient care. The tool was collectively designed to provide clear definitions of the cancer care pathway and easily accessible links from trusted resources and includes practical information to minimise the burden that can be experienced from preparation for appointments and tests. Beta testing results with a small sample of potential users including patients, carers, and healthcare providers (n = 23) showed high acceptability of the guide (range = 7–35, mean = 28.52, and standard deviation = 3.88) based on the TFA questionnaire. Conclusion. A cancer pathway support tool called "Your Cancer Pathway Support Guide (YCPSG)" was developed as a result of an iterative codesign process aiming to improve patient experience and outcomes for people referred on a suspected cancer pathway or who have been diagnosed with cancer. The tool provides information and support in both digital and PDF formats. Further studies are needed to evaluate the potential impact of "Your Cancer Pathway Support Guide" on patient outcomes and experience and the wider system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The abuse of animals is evident in different contexts. This article takes two discrete bodies of literature: threats and actual harm to animals in the context of domestic abuse and sex offending in the context of animal abuse. The reviews focus on the implications for risk assessment and risk management and explore the following questions: What is the international evidence base for threats or violence towards animals, with a specific focus on risk assessment, in the context of domestic abuse? What is the international evidence base for threats or violence towards animals, with a specific focus on risk assessment, in the context of sex offending? What similarities and differences are evident in the approaches in the two bodies of literature? A scoping review methodology was applied to the two bodies of animal abuse literature. The domestic abuse literature elicited 27 studies for full inclusion, while the sex-offending literature examined 15 papers. A broad analysis of the literature was taken to understand the implications for risk assessment and risk management. In the context of risk assessment, the literature indicates that threats or harm towards animals, including the sex abuse of animals, has the potential to be used in four ways: (1) animal abuse as an indicator of domestic abuse; (2) childhood animal abuse as a signal of other problems within a household; (3) animal abuse as an indicator of more severe domestic abuse; and (4) the inclusion of pet abuse as a unique form of domestic abuse. The comparison of the literature on animal abuse and animal sex abuse highlighted not only different approaches theoretically and methodologically but also important similarities. Both literature highlighted gaps in risk assessment, risk management, and the lack of identification and training in this neglected area of the service system prevention and response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. The health benefits of medical care services for older adults have been well known. This study aims to identify trajectories of medical care accessibility and their impacts on Chinese older adults' psychological well-being to enrich findings on health outcomes of medical care accessibility. Methods. This study included 2660 participants aged 65 years and older from the 2005–2018 Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey, and this paper used the latent class growth model to analyze the heterogeneous trajectories of medical care accessibility among Chinese older adults. Ordinary least squares (OLS) regression was also used to explore whether the trajectories of medical care accessibility impact the psychological well-being of Chinese older adults and its heterogeneity among different subgroups of older adults. Results. Three distinct trajectories of medical care accessibility "maintaining high accessibility" (n = 2230, 84.1%), "medium to high accessibility" (n = 222, 8.10%), and "high to low accessibility" (n = 208, 7.80%) were identified, respectively. Regression results show that older adults maintaining high accessibility to medical care reported well psychological well-being. This result was particularly evident among older adults in urban and eastern areas. Discussion. Our findings highlight the importance of maintaining high accessibility to medical care and reducing inequalities in the accessibility to medical care for increasing psychological well-being of Chinese older adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Research has shown that pressure in the vaginal birth process aids the infant's neurophysiological adaption to extrauterine life, including their ability to regulate their responses to diverse sensory stimuli. As pressure is absent in elective caesarean section births, we hypothesised that these children may be at higher risk for developing sensory hyperreactivity (SHR), a sensory modulation difficulty which negatively impacts on the child's engagement in their occupations. This paper reports on a study which investigated associations between birth method and SHR. Method. In this cross-sectional study, 91 children aged three and four years from various language, cultural, and socioeconomic groups were recruited and categorised based on birth method (caesarean section or vaginal birth). Caregivers of each child completed the Short Sensory Profile-2 and a demographic questionnaire. The prevalence of SHR between the birth method groups was compared. Results. The prevalence of SHR was greater in the vaginal birth group (29%) than the caesarean section group (9%). Mothers in the vaginal birth group were younger (p ≤ 0.001), of lower-income level (p = 0.003), and more likely to be single (p = 0.037). During data collection with the vaginal birth group, comprehensibility of certain items in the Short Sensory Profile-2 proved challenging for many caregivers. Conclusion. The statistically significant higher prevalence of SHR in the vaginal birth group supported a null hypothesis. However, the results are questioned due to the challenges related to data collection. Given this, the study supports the need for further investigation of how sociocultural and socioeconomic factors influence the assessment of SHR in the South African context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. Neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBAs) are part of the three elements of general anaesthesia (sedation, analgesia, and muscle relaxation), which can relax muscles and facilitate intubation and surgery. It has been reported that cancer cells are prone to invasion or metastasis during surgery, but various anaesthetics are currently used in cancer resection, particularly NMBA, and the effects on cancer cell behavior are poorly understood. Guidelines for the correct application of NMBA in cancer surgery have not been reported; therefore, the aim of this paper is to explore the relationship between NMBA and cancer. Methods. Two investigators independently searched PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and CBM for articles of NMBA and cancer. Results. The available evidence suggests that cisatracurium may be more appropriate for use in anaesthesia for cancer surgery, while rocuronium deserves further attention, particularly for breast and gastric cancer surgery, and vecuronium is suitable for breast cancer and non-small-cell lung cancer, while it is used with caution in gastric cancer. Also, the relationship between NMBA (mivacurium, succinylcholine, gantacurium, and decamethonium bromide) and cancer is unclear and deserves further study. Conclusion. The effect of different NMBAs on cancer cells varies, and the effect of some NMBAs on cancer cells is unclear, and most of the current findings are only from in vitro studies, which need to be validated by further clinical studies in the future to better guide the clinical application of NMBAs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hackathons are collaborative events that bring together diverse groups to solve predefined challenges. The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has emphasized the need for portable and reproducible genomics analysis pipelines to study the genetic susceptibility of the human host and investigate human-SARS-CoV-2 protein interactions. To build and strengthen institutional capacities in OMICS data analysis applied to host-pathogen interaction (HPI), the PHINDaccess project organized two hackathons in 2020 and 2021. These hackathons are aimed at developing bioinformatics pipelines related to the SARS-CoV-2 viral genome, its phylodynamic transmission, and the identification of human genome host variants, with a focus on addressing global health challenges, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). This paper outlines the preparation, proceedings, and lessons learned from these hackathons, including the challenges faced by participants and our recommendations based on our experience for organizing hackathons in LMIC and beyond. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

What Is Known? and Objective. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) play an important role in various cancers. The efficacy and safety of rechallenge with ICIs after immune-related adverse events (irAEs) were not well known. Accumulating studies report inconsistent findings. Thus, we conducted an updated meta-analysis by including more studies. Methods. We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library for studies reporting the rechallenge of ICIs after irAEs. The evaluation outcomes included the incidence of irAEs, objective response rate (ORR), and disease control rate (DCR). Results and Discussion. A total of 896 ICI rechallenge cases from 24 studies were included. Compared to the initial treatment with ICIs, rechallenge showed a higher incidence of all-grade irAEs (OR, 2.78; 95% CI, 1.51–5.10; p = 0.001) and high-grade irAEs (OR, 1.88; 95% CI, 1.27–2.78; p = 0.002), but ORR (OR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.55–1.84; p = 0.97) and DCR (OR, 1.21; 95% CI, 0.68–2.15; p = 0.52) were not further improved after the rechallenge of ICIs. What Is New? and Conclusion. More studies are included in this paper to compare and analyze the efficacy and safety of ICIs after rechallenge, so as to update the previous meta-analyses, and finally get different conclusions from the previous meta-analyses in terms of safety. Our results suggest that rechallenged ICIs after irAEs showed similar efficacy and lower safety than initial ICIs. However, these results need to be further verified by high-quality studies with large samples. In addition, we added subgroup analysis not available in previous meta-analyses to explore the association of cancer type, age, and gender factors with the incidence of irAE after ICI rechallenge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A strong First Nations health workforce is necessary to meet community needs, health rights, and health equity. This paper reports the findings from a national survey of Australia's First Nations people employed in health services to identify enablers and barriers to career development, including variations by geographic location and organisation type. A cross-sectional online survey was undertaken across professions, roles, and jurisdictions. The survey was developed collaboratively by Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal academics and Aboriginal leaders. To recruit participants, the survey was promoted by key professional organisations, First Nations peak bodies and affiliates, and national forums. In addition to descriptive statistics, logistic regression was used to identify predictors of satisfaction with career development and whether this varied by geographic location or organisation type. Of the 332 participants currently employed in health services, 50% worked in regional and remote areas and 15% in Aboriginal Community-Controlled Health Organisations (ACCHOs) with the remainder in government and private health services. All enablers identified were associated with satisfaction with career development and did not vary by location or organisation type. "Racism from colleagues" and "lack of cultural awareness," "not feeling supported by their manager," "not having role models or mentors," and "inflexible human resource policies" predicted lower satisfaction with career development only for those employed in government/other services. First Nations people leading career development were strongly supported. The implications for all workplaces are that offering even a few career development opportunities, together with supporting leadership by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander staff, can make a major difference to satisfaction and retention. Concurrently, attention should be given to building managerial cultural capabilities and skills in supporting First Nations' staff career development, building cultural safety, providing formal mentors and addressing discriminatory and inflexible human resources policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Active citizen participation in research is important to generate societal impact of outcomes. Even so, many times, the community input in these processes is limited or non-existent, and co-creation processes are often not documented. This paper describes a structured and systematised protocol to co-create a nature-based social prescribing intervention addressed to face loneliness in urban deprived neighbourhoods. As a result, a nature-based social prescription menu was co-developed with stakeholders from health, social prescription, nature, associative, and research sectors. The menu consists of open spaces and nature activities and will be offered to the participants of a randomised controlled trial to test actions for social prescribing in natural spaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The present review aimed to establish prevalence rates of anxiety and depression in adults with haematology cancer, with a focus on the differences between patients under treatment and patients under watchful waiting. Method: Five databases (Scopus, Medline, PsycINFO, EThOS, CINAHL) were searched throughout June 2021. Key search terms included haematology cancer, anxiety, depression, in treatment and watchful waiting. Study and sample characteristics, prevalence rates and mean self‐reported scores of anxiety and depression data were extracted. Results: A total of 18 eligible papers were included in the review. Quality appraisal indicated papers were of adequate standard. Depression data from 2720 participants (14.5% under watchful waiting) and anxiety data from 2520 participants (15.9% under watchful waiting) were analysed through subgroup meta‐analyses. The prevalence of anxiety was 34% amongst adults receiving treatment and 24.5% amongst those under watchful waiting. The prevalence of depression amongst adults receiving treatment was 31.3%, significantly higher than 16.1% of adults under watchful waiting. Conclusion: Overall, adults with haematology cancer were at greater risk of experiencing anxiety and depression than the general population, with greatest risk in those under treatment. The findings indicate the need for future research to examine availability and effectiveness of targeted psychological interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: We aim to explore healthful leadership practices in nursing and midwifery evident within the COVID‐19 pandemic in the United Kingdom, the contextual facilitators, barriers and outcomes. Background: Globally, the health and care sectors are under pressure and despite nurses and other professionals, demonstrating resilience and resourcefulness in the COVID‐19 pandemic; this has negatively impacted on their health and wellbeing and on patient care. Evaluation: Two searches were conducted in July 2021 and December 2021. Inclusion/exclusion criteria were identified to refine the search, including papers written since the beginning of the pandemic in 2020. A total of 38 papers were included principally from the United States and United Kingdom. Ten were research papers; the others were commentaries, opinion pieces and editorials. MS Teams literature repository was created. A unique critical appraisal tool was devised to capture contexts, mechanisms and outcomes whilst reflecting more standardized tools, that is, the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme and the Authority, Accuracy, Coverage, Objectivity and Date tool for reviewing grey literature to refine the search further. Key issues: Six tentative theories of healthful leadership emerged from the literature around leadership strategies, which are relational, being visible and present; being open and engaging; caring for self and others; embodying values; being prepared and preparing others; and using available information and support. Contextual factors that enable healthful leadership practices are in the main, created by leaders' values, attributes and style. The literature suggests that leaders who embody values of compassion, empathy, courage and authenticity create conditions for positive and healthful relations between leaders and others. Nurse and midwives' voices are however absent from the literature in this review. Conclusion: Current available literature would suggest healthful leadership practices are not prioritized by nurse leaders. Perspectives of nurses' and midwives' about the impact of such practices on their wellbeing is also missing. Tentative theories are offered as a means of identifying healthful leadership strategies, the context that enable these and potential outcomes for nurses and midwives. These will be explored in phase two of this study. Implications for Nursing Management: Nurse leaders must be adequately prepared to create working environments that support nurses' and midwives' wellbeing, so that they may be able to provide high‐quality care. Ensuring a supportive organizational culture, which embodies the values of healthfulness, may help to mitigate the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on nurses' and midwives' wellbeing in the immediate aftermath and going forward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Paediatric Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (ME)/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) is a disabling condition. Schools play a key role in adolescents' experiences with managing ME/CFS. However, little is known about the experiences of adolescents with ME/CFS (and their families) in schools. This paper is an incidental qualitative study, which combines data from two independent ME/CFS studies: study 1 researched ethnic minority adolescents with ME/CFS; study 2 explored Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for adolescents with ME/CFS who had not recovered after one year. Participants included: adolescents with ME/CFS; their families; and medical professionals (ME/CFS specialists and non‐specialists). Adolescents, their families, and ME/CFS medical professionals were recruited from a UK specialist paediatric ME/CFS service. Non‐ME/CFS medical professionals were recruited from the same region. Semi‐structured qualitative interviews and focus groups were undertaken. Participants' views on schools from each study were combined and thematic analysis was used to identify themes. Fifteen adolescents with ME/CFS (11–17 years old), sixteen family members, and ten medical professionals (GPs, school nurses and ME/CFS specialists) were interviewed. Four key themes were found: (1) adolescents identified school was important for aiding ME/CFS recovery, especially educationally and socially; (2) families described varying levels of support from schools and local authorities with help managing ME/CFS – some described significant practical and emotional difficulties to accessing education, whereas others recounted examples of positive supportive strategies, particularly when teachers had previous experience or knowledge of ME/CFS; (3) parents thought three‐way communication between schools, healthcare and families could improve support; (4) participants felt schools were an appropriate place for knowledge building and raising awareness of ME/CFS amongst teachers and pupils, to aid improved supportive measures. In conclusion, this paper provides rich data that highlights the importance of education and the realistic fears and hurdles for adolescents with ME/CFS remaining engaged in education and the impact on their future. Some families described positive strategies in school, which were viewed as helpful to manage ME/CFS in the classroom. These strategies could be implemented alongside knowledge building initiatives and improved communication between healthcare and education. There is a need to further investigate useful strategies and determine how teachers can be best supported in implementing them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Older carers, aged 65 or over, may find it difficult to balance caring while maintaining their own health and quality of life (QoL). For older carers, especially, established approaches to separately identifying, assessing and addressing carers' and care‐recipients' needs, may not fully consider the interwoven nature of caregiving relationships and the ways in which community‐based social care services may impact the QoL of both parties. The purpose of this scoping review is to identify and synthesise what is already known about the QoL of older carers and care‐recipients, considered together, which we refer to as 'dyadic QoL'; both in general, and with regard to the impact of community‐based social care. We searched 16 electronic databases and grey literature in October and November 2020. A total 822 items were identified and reviewed based on the inclusion criteria: focusing on older carers and care‐recipients from a dyadic perspective and their QoL or well‐being, published since 2000 and in English. Fourteen papers were thematically analysed, and the findings were presented under two themes. First, the value of applying an overarching conceptual framework of 'interdependence theory' in understanding dyadic QoL, including two broad approaches: dyadic data analysis and the dynamics of caring relationships. Second, a number of papers highlighted the role of support from family, friends and neighbours and community‐based social care services in promoting QoL outcomes of caring dyads. This review emphasised that considering the QoL of carers and care‐recipients, together, would potentially improve the understanding of care needs, provision of care services and QoL outcomes. However, there is limited and fragmentary evidence about dyadic QoL or the impact of social care services on dyadic QoL outcomes. Future work is required to explore and evaluate the use of a dyadic approach in social care practice and research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unnecessarily prolonged stays in hospitals can have negative impacts on patients and present avoidable costs to health and social care systems. This paper presents the qualitative findings of a multi‐methods study of the social care causes of delayed transfers of care (DTOC) for older people in England. The quantitative strand of this study found that DTOC are significantly affected by homecare supply. In this paper, we explore in depth how and why social care capacity factors lead to delays, from the perspectives of those working within the system. We examined the local transfer arrangements in six English local authority (LA) sites that were purposively sampled to include a range of DTOC performance and LA characteristics. Between March and December 2018, 52 professionals involved in arranging or facilitating discharge from hospitals in these sites provided qualitative data, primarily through semi‐structured interviews. Topics included discharge teams and processes, strategic issues and perceived causes of delays. The thematic analysis uncovered the nuances behind the causes of DTOC previously categorised broadly as 'provider capacity' and 'patient choice'. In particular, our analysis highlights the lack of fit between available provision and the needs of people leaving hospital (theme 1); workforce inconsistencies (theme 2) and a myth of patient choice (theme 3). We are now at a turning point in the development of policy to reduce DTOC in the English system, with the full implications of a new national discharge to assess programme yet to be seen. Our research shows the significance of the alignment of service capacity, including the type and location of provision, with the needs and preferences of those leaving hospital. As the new system becomes established, attendance to such nuances behind blockages in the system will be more important than ever. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Self‐neglect and hoarding are behaviours that are hard to define, measure and address. They are more prevalent among older people because of bio‐psycho‐social factors, which may be exacerbated by advancing age. This paper aims to further understandings of self‐neglect and hoarding in England's Care Act 2014 context, drawing on a study involving qualitative interviews with local authority adult safeguarding managers who play an important role in determining interventions with individuals who self‐neglect and/or hoard. Online interviews were conducted with adult safeguarding leads and managers from 31 English local authorities in 2021. Interview data were subject to thematic analysis. This paper explores the commonalities and differences in adult safeguarding managers' understandings of the causes and consequences of self‐neglect and/or hoarding among older people, which are likely to have tangible impacts on service provision in their local authority, and influencing of wider changes to policies and procedures. Most participants understood these phenomena as caused by a range of bio‐psycho‐social factors, including chronic physical conditions, bereavement, isolation. A minority took a more clinical or psycho‐medical perspective, focusing on mental ill‐health, or referred to the social construction of norms of cleanliness and tidiness. Whatever their understanding, by the time such behaviours are brought to the attention of safeguarding professionals a crisis response may be all that is offered. The implications of the findings are that other agencies should be encouraged to provide more early help to older people at risk of self‐neglect and/or of developing harmful hoarding behaviours, and that sustained engagement with those affected may help to understand some of the causes of these behaviours to enable effective support or practice interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study seeks to assess the health, social and economic outcomes associated with rough sleeping among women and compare those outcomes with those of (1) men sleeping rough, and (2) women experiencing other forms of homelessness (such as being housed in temporary supported accommodation due to family and domestic violence). The paper analyses survey data using the Vulnerability Index‐Service Prioritization Decision Analysis Tool (VI‐SPDAT) collected from 2735 women experiencing homelessness and 3124 men sleeping rough in Australian cities from 2010 to 2017. We find that women sleeping rough report poorer physical and mental health outcomes and greater problematic drug and or alcohol use relative to both men sleeping rough and women experiencing other types of homelessness (all p < 0.5). Women sleeping rough report significantly higher levels of crisis service utilisation (Β = 17.9, SE = 3.9, p < 0.001) and interactions with police in the previous 6 months (Β = 1.9, SE = 0.3, p < 0.001) than women experiencing homelessness not sleeping rough. Women sleeping rough also report greater healthcare utilisation, and, therefore, healthcare costs, than women experiencing homelessness not sleeping rough and men sleeping rough (all p < 0.05). From a policy perspective, the evidence presented in this paper supports a social determinants approach that moves from addressing symptoms of poor health outcomes associated with homelessness to preventing and ending homelessness with a particular focus on the life trajectories of women. Integrated services and homelessness strategies need to be developed through a gender lens, providing women sleeping rough with tailored permanent housing with wrap‐around supportive housing to address poor health outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Racism is a key modifiable determinant of health that contributes to health inequities in Aotearoa and elsewhere. Experiences of racism occur within the health sector for workers, patients and their whānau (extended family) every day. This paper uses stories of racism from nurses – reworked into vignettes – to examine the dynamics of racism to generate possible micro, meso and macro anti‐racism interventions. A critical qualitative design was utilised, informed by kaupapa Māori approaches. The five vignettes in this paper were sourced from a pair of caucused focus groups with nine senior Māori (Indigenous peoples of Aotearoa) and Tauiwi (non‐Māori) nurses held in Auckland Aotearoa in 2019. The vignettes were lightly edited and then critically analysed by both authors to identify sites of racism and generate ideas for anti‐racism interventions. The vignettes illustrate five key themes in relation to racism. These include (i) mono‐cultural practice, (ii) everyday micro‐aggressions; (iii) complexity and the costs of racism, (iv) Pākehā (white settler) privilege and (v) employment discrimination. From analysing these themes, a range of evidence‐based micro, meso and macro‐level anti‐racism interventions were derived. These ranged from engaging in reflective practice, education initiatives, monitoring, through to collective advocacy. Vignettes are a novel way to reveal sites of racism to create teachable moments and spark reflective practice and more active engagement in anti‐racism interventions. When systematically analysed vignettes can be utilised to inform and refine anti‐racist interventions. Being able to identify racism is essential to being able to effectively counter racism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers in the world, identification of biomarkers for early detection of CRC represents a relevant target. The present study aims to determine serum peptidome patterns for CRC diagnosis. Methods. The present work focused on serum proteomic analysis of 32 health volunteers and 38 CRC by ClinProt Kit combined with mass spectrometry. This approach allowed the construction of a peptide patterns able to differentiate the studied populations. An independent group of serum (including 33 health volunteers, 34 CRC, 16 colorectal adenoma, 36 esophageal carcinoma, and 31 gastric carcinoma samples) was used to verify the diagnostic and differential diagnostic capability of the peptidome patterns blindly. An immunoassaymethod was used to determine serumCEA of CRC and controls. Results. A quick classifier algorithm was used to construct the peptidome patterns for identification of CRC from controls. Two of the identified peaks at m/z 741 and 7772 were used to construct peptidome patterns, achieving an accuracy close to 100% (>CEA, P < 0.05). Furthermore, the peptidome patterns could differentiate validation group with high accuracy. Conclusions. These results suggest that the ClinProt Kit combined with mass spectrometry yields significantly higher accuracy for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of CRC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mobile Healthcare Social Media (MHSM) is an innovative combination of mobile devices and mobile communication technology. How can users shift from spontaneous to conscious cognitive mode, break their usage inertia, and actively adapt to the social structure of mobile health social media to improve information-sharing performance? This study uses adaptive structuring theory as the theoretical foundation to deeply analyze adaptive information-sharing behavior and its specific forms in the mHealth social media environment; it uses cognitive shift theory and social exchange theory as the theoretical framework to comprehensively explore the antecedent motivations of users engaging in adaptive information-sharing behavior and its posterior effects. Theoretically, it promotes the innovation and development of information-sharing behavior research and the further deepening of the application of adaptive structuring theory at the information behavior level. It is also conducive to bridging the digital divide and maximizing the value of health information resources. This paper takes 1000 survey data as the experimental data source for studying the influence of mobile social media sharing behavior on the subjective well-being and mental health regulation of Internet users and concludes that in practice, it is beneficial to optimize the design of information-sharing-related functions in mobile health social media, improve the effect of user information sharing in mobile health social media environment, and enhance the efficiency of information sharing so that mobile social media sharing behavior can better contribute to the subjective well-being and mental health regulation of Internet users. This paper has an obvious psychological adjustment effect on groups who use too much social media and can help them analyze why they are affected by some social media, thereby producing psychological effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Care Act 2014 imposed new statutory duties on English local authorities in relation to family or informal carers and it broadened carers' statutory entitlements to assessment, care and support, irrespective of eligibility for local authority funding of the person they care for. Despite this legislative framework, local authorities appear to be translating the new legal obligation into practice in different ways. This paper draws on evidence from in‐depth interviews held during 2017–2018 with key stakeholders in three English local authorities to investigate whether and how local efforts meet the Act's intention of supporting carers. We explored local goals associated with supporting carers, local authorities' approaches to needs assessment and service provision as well as barriers and facilitators to adoption of the new legal obligations towards carers. The paper draws on Twigg, J., & Atkin, K. (1995), typology to explore perceptions of local stakeholders of the interaction between formal care system and carers post‐Care Act. The findings indicate that despite a clear Care Act emphasis on meeting carers' needs, when faced with financial constraints the formal care system approaches carers mainly as a resource and often supports carers to keep cared‐for people away from health and social care systems. Although replacement care is a vital element in the Care Act's ambitions to support carers, in sampled authorities, it was often newly being subject to needs thresholds and financial assessment of people they care for, leading to reported conflicts of interests between carers' needs and those of cared‐for‐people. The Care Act is nonetheless seen as having made progress in legitimising carers' needs as clients. Social care professionals increasingly emphasise the importance of meeting carers' needs and well‐being as valued and desirable outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Young carers support family members affected by disability or a health condition. The Young Carer Bursary Program aims to support young carers' education. This paper analysed data from consenting bursary applicants (2017–2019) to investigate relationships between wellbeing, educational attendance, home study and other factors. Descriptive statistics, correlation and regression analysis determined significant issues, relationships and influential factors related to young carer (N = 1,443) wellbeing and education. Sixty‐eight percent were aged between 13 and 18 years and attended secondary school. One third of the sample reported that they were the main carer in their family and 29% reported receiving no support. Female applicants from single parent households who were the main carer attended educational settings less often. Eighteen percent (n = 267) rated their wellbeing as poor/very poor. Better wellbeing was associated with increased educational attendance (rs = 0.33, p < 0.001) and home study (rs = 0.34, p < 0.001). Wellbeing was associated with main carer status, caring for a parent, having a disability, being older and having few supports. Educational attendance was associated with main carer status, higher care load and fewer supports. Home study was associated with having a disability, caring for a sibling, caring for more than 11 hr per week and having fewer supports. Important factors about the age, life situation and challenges experienced by young carers identified in this paper indicate that further research into preferred supports and effectiveness of the bursary in improving educational engagement is warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, with the acceleration of urbanization and the implementation of compulsory education, the pressure on students' study and life has increased, and the phenomenon of psychological and behavioral problems has become increasingly prominent. Therefore, the school has regarded students' mental health education as the top priority in teaching work. Effective expression classification can assist psychology researchers to study psychology and other disciplines and analyze children's psychological activities and mental states by classifying expressions, thereby reducing the occurrence of psychological behavior problems. Most of the current mainstream methods focus on the exploration of text explicit features and the optimization of representation models, and few works pay attention to deeper language expressions. Metaphors, as language expressions often used in daily life, are closely related to an individual's emotion, cognition, and psychological state. This paper studies children's smiling face recognition based on deep neural network. In order to obtain a better identification effect of mental health problems of children, this paper attempts to use multisource data, including consumption data, access control data, network logs, and grade data, and proposes a multisource data-based mental health problem identification algorithm. The main research focus is feature extraction, trying to use one-dimensional convolutional neural network (1D-CNN) to mine students' online patterns from online behavior sequences, calculate abnormal scores based on students' consumption data in the cafeteria, and describe the dietary differences among students. At the same time, this paper uses the students' psychological state data provided by the psychological center as a label to improve the deficiencies caused by the questionnaire. This paper uses the training set to train five common classification algorithms, evaluates them through the validation set, and selects the best classifier as our algorithm and uses it to identify students with mental health problems in the test set. The experimental results show that precision reaches 0.68, recall reaches 0.56, and F 1 -measure reaches 0.67. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an in-depth study and analysis of the relevance of early childhood education to occupational psychotherapy using a virtual-assisted affective interaction approach. Starting from the educational theory of interactive cognitive psychology, the theoretical basis for parent-child picture book education for interactive learning is explored, as well as the theoretical development after the introduction of AR technology. Firstly, the analysis of young children's emotions involves massive image processing, and the use of cloud computing architecture leads to high latency, while young children's safety is a latency-sensitive service. Secondly, face recognition accuracy based on static images is not high due to problems such as inconspicuous facial features of toddlers and low-quality kindergarten surveillance videos. In this paper, a face identity correction model based on location features is proposed and the superiority of the model is demonstrated through experiments. Finally, this paper analyzes and mines the emotional data of young children. The level of kindergarten teachers' awareness of early childhood mental health education generally showed an upward trend as their titles rose, and there were significant differences in the seven dimensions of early childhood mental health, the purpose and meaning of early childhood mental health education, implementers, targets, content, pathways, and effects; significant differences existed between teachers of different kindergarten natures, and there were significant differences in the purpose and meaning of early childhood mental health education, implementers, targets, content, pathways, effects, and mental health education for young children. Therefore, this paper proposes a face identity correction model based on position information, which considers both the correlation between pixel values in the spatial domain and the correlation between frames in the temporal domain. This paper has developed an emotion analysis system for kindergartens and put it into use in kindergartens to meet the needs of monitoring the safety of young children and evaluating early childhood education and has received good feedback from users, demonstrating the effectiveness of the system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides an in-depth study of occupational therapy and the prevention of common sports injuries in special physical training. The issue of sports injuries and rehabilitation has always been a hot topic in special training. With the continuous development of sports, the increasing intensity of competition, and more stringent requirements for special techniques, the increase in difficulty and intensity of training has led to the increasing frequency of sports injuries, so how to prevent injuries in special physical training and rehabilitation and recovery of athletes after the injury is particularly important. Since the most common musculoskeletal injuries occur in the lower quadrant, this paper proposes a lower extremity functional test (LEFT) model as a means of identifying injury risk and guiding the implementation of training programs to prevent sports injuries. In this paper, a knee injury is used as an example, and an occupational therapy program of TCM physical therapy + aquatic rehabilitation is adopted for the already occurred sports injuries. Through interviews and clinical examinations of athletes, coaches, and medical personnel, this paper summarizes the sites, types, characteristics, and probability of occurrence of common sports injuries in special physical training. Experiments were conducted through clinical rehabilitation of common sports injuries with the addition of TCM manual massage. A series of effects of this modality on the rehabilitation of sports injuries were examined by monitoring physiological and biochemical indexes and by comparative analysis before and after testing physical function indexes using the Omega Wave system. Sports injuries are diverse. Traditional Chinese medicine physical therapy + water rehabilitation therapy is an effective physical therapy method. According to the relevant theories of traditional Chinese medicine treatment, diagnosis and treatment through meridians and related acupuncture points have significant curative effects. Traditional Chinese medicine, massage, and acupuncture have irreplaceable roles in the rehabilitation and treatment of sports injuries and can effectively improve and cure sports injuries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The present study aimed to examine the effects of a learning programme for nurse managers on connecting learning with their own experiences and fostering competence. Background: In Japan, second‐level programmes for certified nurse administrators represent the main opportunity for formal training for nurse managers. However, it is difficult for nurse managers to transfer second‐level programme learning to their workplace. Methods: This quasi‐experimental study used a two‐group pretest–posttest design with purposive sampling and non‐random assignment of 29 consenting Japanese nurse managers who were participating in a second‐level programme through a prefectural nursing association. The programme provided reflection papers and feedback from a researcher, as well as reflective group sessions. The outcome measure was the Japanese First‐Line Nurse Managers Competence Inventory (JNMCI) score. Results: The intervention group showed significant improvement in JNMCI scores after participating in the programme. A significant difference in JNMCI scores was also observed between the intervention and comparison groups. Conclusion: This learning programme led to improved competency among nurse managers. Implications for Nursing Management: Nurse manager development programmes should include reflection papers and feedback, as well as reflective group sessions, to improve competency among nurse managers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite apparent need, many older people with cognitive impairment and/or mental health needs do not fully engage with social care. This can manifest in different ways, including passive or aggressive attempts to avoid or repel care workers. However, little is known about how to support such individuals in their own homes and deliver effective care. Against this background, we undertook a scoping review with a view to developing a preliminary theory of change suggesting how care might be modified to engage this client group. The most recent search was conducted on 21/04/21. Papers were included if they (i) focused on older people (65+) living at home with social care needs and (ii) described difficulties/problems with the provision/receipt of social care associated with individuals' mental health needs. Twenty‐six citations were identified through electronic database searches and reference screening, and the results were charted according to key theory of change concepts (long‐term outcomes, preconditions, interventions, rationale and assumptions). All the included papers were related to people with dementia. Four subgroups of papers were identified. The first highlights those external conditions that make it more likely an intervention will be successful; the second describes specific interventions to engage older people who by virtue of their mental health needs have not engaged with social care; the third explores what services can be done to increase service uptake by older people with mental health needs and their caregivers more generally; and the fourth details theoretical approaches to explaining the behaviour of people with dementia. Each provides information that could be used to inform care delivery and the development of interventions to improve engagement with health and social care for these individuals. The study concludes that different framing of engagement difficulties, such as that offered through positioning theory, may assist in future service design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim. This paper aimed to examine the current state of nurse safety behavior, and the effect of work engagement on it, and to explore the mediating effect of self-efficacy between work engagement and nurse safety behavior in specialized cancer hospitals. Background. Nurse safety behavior affects the quality of care and outcomes for patients with cancer. The research proves that self-efficacy is associated with work engagement, but the relationship between self-efficacy, work engagement, and nurse safety behavior needs to be clarified. Methods. This study used a convenience sampling method to survey 957 nurses from January to February 2023. The survey included tertiary specialized cancer hospitals in five provinces in China. Sociodemography information, the Work Engagement Scale, the Self-Efficacy Scale, and the Nurse Safety Behavior Scale were used for the survey. A Questionnaire Star program collected all the data automatically. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 24 was employed for Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis to examine the association between work engagement, self-efficacy, and nurse safety behavior. Structural equation models were built using Analysis of Moment Structures version 24.0 software. Results. The results showed that the nurse safety behavior was at a high level in specialized cancer hospitals. There was a significant positive relationship between the variables work engagement, self-efficacy, and nurse safety behavior with coefficients ranging from 0.244 to 0.564. The results of structural equation modeling revealed that self-efficacy partially mediated the effect between work engagement and nurse safety behavior, accounting for 25.3% of the total effect. Conclusion. Self-efficacy mediates the relationship between work engagement and nurse safety behavior, and by increasing self-efficacy, nurse safety behavior can be improved, thus ensuring patient safety. Implications for Nursing Management. Managers should promote high work engagement and nurse safety behaviors by fostering nurses' self-efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. With the continuous advancement of clinical application and experimental research of JTP, the application prospect of JTP in nervous system diseases and metabolic diseases is becoming increasingly clear. Jiaotai Pill (JTP) is a traditional Chinese medicine formula for insomnia, consisting of Coptidis rhizoma and Cinnamomi cortex, which dates back to Han Shi Yi Tong in the Ming Dynasty of China. Objective. Based on the brain-gut axis theory, this paper aims to explore the potential mechanism of JTP in the intervention of insomnia by using intestinal microbiome and metabolomics technology, taking the animal model of insomnia as the research object, so as to provide experimental basis for its further application and research. Methods. The insomnia mouse model was induced by intraperitoneal injection of para-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA). The clinical equivalent dose of JTP was administered by gavage for one week. The efficacy of JTP was evaluated by behavioral tests, serum biochemical detection, and brain histomorphological observation. The contents of cecum were analyzed by microbiomics and metabolomics. Results. The results show that insomnia caused by PCPA led to daytime dysfunction, higher HPA axis hormone levels, and morphologically impaired hippocampus. JTP reversed these anomalies. Omics research indicates that JTP significantly reduced gut α diversity; at the phylum level, JTP reduced the relative abundance of Firmicutes, Deferribacterota, Cyanobacteria, and Actinobacteriota and increased the relative abundance of Verrucomicrobiota, Proteobacteria, and Desulfobacterota. At the genus level, JTP reduced the relative abundance of Muribaculaceae, Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group, Alistipes, Colidextribacter, Muribaculum, and Mucispirillum and increased the relative abundance of Bacteroides and Akkermansia. JTP also reversed the activation of the linoleic acid metabolism pathway induced by insomnia. The combined analysis of omics suggests that JTP may play a role by regulating the inflammatory state of the body. Further gene expression analysis of brain tissue confirmed this. Conclusions. We hypothesize that JTP may achieve insomnia relief by eliminating inflammation-causing bacteria in the gut and reducing inflammation levels through the brain-gut axis, pointing to potential targets and pathways for future research on JTP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. This study aims to explore the mediation role of perceived stress between nonrestorative sleep (NRS) and emotional distress, as well as the moderation role of resilience among NRS, perceived stress, and emotional distress in university students. Method. We recruited 851 students from the Be Resilient to Nursing Career program (BRNC, registration number: NFYKDX002) in June 2022. Nonrestorative sleep scale (NRSS), 10-item perceived stress scale (PSS-10), 10-item Kessler psychological distress scale (K10), and 10-item Connor–Davidson resilience scale (CD-RISC-10) were administered through a paper questionnaire. Latent profile analysis and moderated mediation analysis were performed. Results. Three profiles of perceived stress were identified: high ability-low stress (24.5%), middle ability-high stress (65.0%), and low ability-middle stress (10.5%). The mediation role of perceived stress between NRS and emotional distress was significant (SE = 0.025; 95% confidence interval = −0.369, −0.269). The moderation role of resilience among NRS, perceived stress, and emotional distress was not significant. Conclusion. Heterogeneity exists in freshmen students' perceived stress. Perceived stress plays a significant mediating role between NRS and emotional distress, while resilience cannot significantly moderate the associations among NRS, perceived stress, and emotional distress. The trial is registered with ChiCTR2000038693. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research has historically focussed on participants who are relatively easy to access; those who have resources (time and literacy) to respond to surveys, who can travel, and are socially connected. Failure to meaningfully engage with intended participants and achieve representativeness in participation risks diminishing the applicability and impact of research findings to local contexts. Motivated by goals of social justice and health equity, this scoping review sought to identify strategies to effectively engage and integrate the "authentic voice" of populations that are described as vulnerable or precarious and therefore perceived as "hard-to-reach." A system tic search strategy identified 34 eligible papers. Articles underwent (i) a title and abstract screening by two reviewers, followed by (ii) a full text review of eligible articles by one author. Free-form research problem mind-mapping was applied to facilitate analysis and generate creative associations between ideas. Thematic and content analysis was then applied to generate themes and subthemes. Four high-level themes emerged: key players, trust and rapport, navigating structural precarity, and moving beyond "participation." We identified that substantial shifts in researcher mindsets are required to reframe perceptions of vulnerability and move towards strengths-based approaches. Efforts need to be directed towards establishing deep trust and rapport through early engagement and social reciprocity. Systemic barriers to research participation and partnership must be addressed to overcome issues of structural precarity. We urge researchers and practitioners to embrace "scholar activism" and to actively dismantle the precarity that limits active "participation" and to build deliberate strategies to create forums where the "authentic" voice can be amplified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. This review sought to synthesise the qualitative evidence pertaining to the experiences of myeloma patients and relatives of work, given the distinct symptom burden and illness trajectory. Methods and Designs. CINAHL, Medline, Web of Science, PsychINFO, SocIndex were searched on 22-Apr-2022. No limiters were used for language or date of publication. CASP was used for critical appraisal. An integrative synthesis was conducted to inductively construct analytic themes PROSPERO CRD42022323137. Results. 34 articles were included, published from 2004 to 2022. Nineteen were assessed as having low risk of bias, and four with moderate risk of bias. The following four themes were derived from analysis of the papers: (i) side effects, medicines, and stigma; (ii) relationships; (iii) creation and maintenance of identity; (iv) privilege and income. Conclusion. Myeloma impacts the engagement of patients and relatives in paid and unpaid work, yet very little is currently known on how the cancer impacts these important interdependent systems. Addressing workplace stigma, understanding the role of workplace relationships, the construction of self through work, interpreting data through a lens of life-course and, privilege offer helpful starting points. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Domestic abuse is a worldwide public health and social issue which impacts the health and wellbeing of those experiencing abuse and their families. People living with a life-limiting illness are at increased risk of domestic abuse because they are often frail, isolated, and dependent on others. Little is known about domestic abuse and the coexistence of life-limiting illness and existing support for those experiencing or at risk of abuse. A scoping review was conducted to identify factors that shape and characterise experiences of adults with a life-limiting illness affected by domestic abuse and the health and social care practitioners and other organisations that support them. The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology and checklist for Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses-Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) were applied. Five databases were systematically searched from 2000 to 2021: MEDLINE; CINAHL; PsycINFO; Social Sciences Citation Index (Web of Science); and ProQuest Dissertations and Global. Twenty-one papers met the inclusion criteria. Most studies were conducted in North America, with female participants living with cancer, and conducted in health and community settings. There were no studies involving third sector organisations. A range of abusive behaviours was reported resulting in missed medical appointments, delays in screening leading to late diagnosis, and palliative rather than curable treatment. Abuse also impacted on the physical, emotional, and psychological wellbeing of the person experiencing the abuse, which increased stress levels and could have a detrimental effect on their health. Identifying domestic abuse within the context of life-limiting illness was reported to be challenging for health and social care professionals, as was responding to and managing a disclosure. Further research is needed to address existing knowledge in order to inform policy and practice to identify and manage domestic abuse where it coexists with life-limiting illness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social enterprises, which are businesses with social objectives, have been championed by the UK government as an opportunity to deliver more innovative, socially oriented, and commercially sustainable public services. However, very little is known about them, especially in a social care context. This paper therefore aims to answer the following three questions: (1) What are care social enterprises?, (2) What are their distinctive qualities?, and (3) How can they contribute to the adult social care sector? It presents evidence from a "mapping" of care social enterprises in three English local authorities, and from interviews with 35 stakeholders from across the social care and social enterprise sectors. Drawing on an institutional logics framework, we explore the influence of different norms, goals, and practices on care social enterprises and the extent to which they are aligned with those of the public, private, and not-for-profit sectors. We found that their unique combination of business and social logics, along with an entrepreneurial mindset, may make them more flexible, innovative, and able to diversify their income than public and not-for-profit care organisations. They were also considered more trustworthy than private care services. However, their competing social and business logics can create internal tensions and bring uncertainty about what organisational model they are. These tensions can make it challenging for us to define what a care social enterprise is and in turn for social enterprises to promote themselves and attract funding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the continuous updating and advancement of artificial intelligence technology, it gradually begins to shine in various industries, especially playing an increasingly important role in incremental music teaching and assisted therapy systems. This study designs artificial intelligence models from the perspectives of attention mechanism, contextual information guidance, and distant dependencies combined with incremental music teaching for the segmentation of MS (multiple sclerosis) lesions and achieves the automatic and accurate segmentation of MS lesions through the multidimensional analysis of multimodal magnetic resonance imaging data, which provides a basis for physicians to quantitatively analyze MS lesions, thus assisting them in the diagnosis and treatment of MS. To address the highly variable characteristics of MS lesion location, size, number, and shape, this paper firstly designs a 3D context-guided module based on Kronecker convolution to integrate lesion information from different fields of view, starting from lesion contextual information capture. Then, a 3D spatial attention module is introduced to enhance the representation of lesion features in MRI images. The experiments in this paper confirm that the context-guided module, cross-dimensional cross-attention module, and multidimensional feature similarity module designed for the characteristics of MS lesions are effective, and the proposed attentional context U-Net and multidimensional cross-attention U-Net have greater advantages in the objective evaluation index of lesion segmentation, while being combined with the incremental music teaching approach to assist treatment, which provides a new idea for the intelligent assisted treatment approach. In this paper, from algorithm design to experimental validation, both in terms of accuracy, the operational difficulty of the experiment, consumption of arithmetic power, and time cost, the unique superiority of the artificial intelligence attention-based combined with incremental music teaching adjunctive therapy system proposed in this paper can be seen in the MS lesion segmentation task. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Jacques Lacan is a famous French psychoanalyst, but his influence has long gone beyond the scope of psychoanalysis and has affected almost all fields of "human science." Film and psychoanalysis coincided almost simultaneously and influenced each other. But with the development of film, researchers found that film studies in the period of classic film and film semiotics have come to an end. It has certain theoretical value to explore the construction of the subject and the mental model of the erotic film based on Lacan's desire theory. Method. The body in the film and video described in this paper includes both the material body as an aesthetic object and the spiritual body with aesthetic consciousness. The so-called artistic presentation of the body element means that the beauty of the body form displayed by the actor's body in the film video is perceived by the audience, and the desire to stare is captured by the audience, thereby completing the audience's entire body composed of eyes, body, and mind. The body is not only an aesthetic object but also an aesthetic subject, and the human cognitive system is not just a closed brain. Because the nervous system, body, and environment are constantly changing and interacting, true cognition is a unified system of all three. The main part of this paper uses Lacan's psychoanalytic theory to deeply analyze the relationship between the characters shown in the film. From the cognitive impairment of the self to the failure of communication between characters, the language of uncertainty entangled by desire is removed, and the behavior and facial expressions of the movie characters are used as the analysis basis to fully interpret the inner world of the characters. This includes love, hatred, pain, struggle, and many other contradictory emotions. In addition, this paper also analyzes the metaphor of the relationship between the characters from the perspective of semiotics and discusses the description of the relationship between the characters from the lens language from the perspective of cinematography. The special meaning conveyed by the recurring elements in the film is emphasized, and the correlation between the pictures is explained from the less mentioned photographic aspect of the film. Results/Discussion. Looking at Lacan's theory, the subject, the other, and desire are linked by the subject spirit, which is the core of the connection between the three, and only through the resistance and struggle of the subject spirit can the illusion of the subject be broken. Bewilderment and the suppression of the other and desire finally become the self. And the embodiment of this true self is particularly prominent in film art. Lacan's purpose is not merely to dissolve the subject but to seek a stand in the midst of destruction, pursuing the ultimate transcendence of man's desire for the external other and internal desire. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper adopts the method of psychological data analysis to conduct in-depth research and analysis on the correlation between teachers' classroom teaching behaviors and students' knowledge acceptance. Firstly, this paper proposes a health factor prediction model, which is specifically divided into clustering and then classification model and a clustering and classification synthesis model. The classroom learning process is coded, sampled, and quantified to obtain data on students' learning behaviors, and a visualization system based on classroom students' learning behaviors is designed and developed to record and analyze students' behaviors in the classroom learning process and grasp students' classroom learning. These two models use algorithms to fine-grained divide the dataset from the perspective of subject users and mental health factors, respectively, and then use decision tree algorithms to classify and predict the mental health factor information by the subject user base information. Second, based on the collected datasets, we designed comparison experiments to validate the clustering-then-classification model and the integrated clustering-classification model and selected the optimal model for comparison. Teachers should increase effective praise and encouragement behaviors; teachers should increase meaningful teacher-student interaction behaviors; teachers should be proficient in teaching media technology to reduce unnecessary time wastage. Strategies to enhance teachers' TPACK include enriching teachers' knowledge base of CK, TK, and PK; developing teachers' integration thinking; and enriching teachers' types of activities for integrating technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to explore the public administration and resource allocation based on blockchain and structured occupational therapy, this paper takes the public affairs in the prevention and control of the Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic as an example to conduct research. On the basis of summarizing and analyzing the previous published literatures, this study expounded the research status and significance of public administration and resource allocations; elaborated the development background, current status and future challenges of blockchain, and structured occupational therapy; introduced the methods and principles of data quality collaboration model and multiparty collaboration standard management; analyzed the case background of public administration and resource allocation in the prevention and control of the COVID-19 epidemic; discussed the public administration mechanism based on blockchain and structured occupational therapy; established a resource allocation method based on blockchain and structured occupational therapy; fathomed the role of the distributed ledger established by blockchain to increase the information symmetry of public administration activities; proposed a blockchain-established special machine trust for resource allocation; and finally, anatomized the data security sharing and access control mechanism based on blockchain and structured occupational therapy. The research results show that the public administration and resource allocation in this paper can effectively realize the data integration of the whole process and all departments and show the whole data and realize the traceability of the whole process. The blockchain revolutionizes the hierarchical leadership method of traditional resource allocation, shortens the distance between superiors and subordinates, makes information dissemination more fluent, and handles things more efficiently, making resource allocation ultimately form a flatter organization structure. In the original trust system of resource allocation, the blockchain and structured occupational therapy realizes the reconstruction of the trust system by preventing information tampering, using information encryption technology, and using information traceability technology. The results of this paper provide a reference for further research on the public administration and resource allocation based on blockchain and structured occupational therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper constructs a platform framework for extensive data analysis of college students' psychological quality with the help of the thinking mode of big data and related technologies and proposes the construction principles, data sources, data processing methods, data platform construction, and platform application of big data analysis platform for college students' psychological quality assessment. This paper combines the application methods of big data technology, collects the management data related to the psychological quality assessment of college students, saves them into the system database with certain storage logic, and realizes the function of psychological quality assessment through the design of selected psychological quality assessment data, data management and data resource management and other parts based on the data results of extensive data analysis. This study provides some insights into the psychological quality assessment of college students. The strength of association between the variables of psychological quality assessment of college students changes over time, but the overall psychological structure is more stable. This stable psychological structure characteristic is conducive to constructing the policy of constant psychological education in large universities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organisations spanning social services, public health and healthcare have increasingly experimented with collaboration as a tool for improving population health and reducing health disparities. While there has been progress, the results have fallen short of expectations. Reflecting on these shortcomings, the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (RWJF) recently proposed a new framework for cross‐sector alignment intended to move the field towards improved outcomes. A central idea in this framework is that collaboratives will be more effective and sustainable if they develop collaborative systems in four core areas: shared purpose, governance, finance and shared data. The goal of this paper is to provide a foundation for research on the four core areas of the cross‐sector alignment framework. Accordingly, this study is based on two guiding questions: (1) how are collaboratives currently implementing systems in the four core areas identified in the framework, and (2) what strategies does the literature offer for creating sustainable systems in these four areas? Given the emergent nature of research on health‐oriented cross‐sector collaboration and the broad research questions, we conducted a systematic scoping review including 179 relevant research papers and reports published internationally from the years 2010–2020. We identified the main contributions and coded each based on its relevance to the cross‐sector alignment framework. We found that most papers focused on programme evaluations rather than theory testing, and while many strategies were offered, they tended to reflect a focus on short‐term collaboration. The results also demonstrate that starting points and resource levels vary widely across individuals and organisations involved in collaborations. Accordingly, identifying and comparing distinct pathways by which different parties might pursue cross‐sector alignment is an imperative for future work. More broadly, the literature is ripe with observations that could be assessed systematically to produce a firm foundation for research and practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Informal carers play a vital part to ensuring that individuals in need of care, due to illness or disability, continue to experience a good quality of life. Care provision has been studied extensively, however, little is known about the associations of discontinuing care. This knowledge is important not only to ensure that informal carers are supported, even after caring episode, but also to ensure the care‐recipients are not left without support. By conducting longitudinal analysis of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA), this paper uniquely starts to unveil the associations of discontinuing the caring role and the patterns of care provision prior to discontinuing. A multivariable binary regression analysis was conducted of the ELSA waves 7 (2015) to 8 (2017), total sample size of N = 6,687. 10.5% (n = 701) respondents were identified as discontinued carers. The dependent variable was care provided in wave 7 but not in wave 8 (a discontinued carer), compared to providing care in both waves (a continuing carer). Socio‐demographic, such as age, gender, marital status, economic activity and health acted and caring patterns, such as intensity and relationship with care‐recipient, acted as independent variables. Results showed nearly 30% of discontinued carers had provided care to a spouse. Nearly a quarter of continuing carers had transitioned between care‐recipients, which raises the question of a potential 'Serial Carer Trajectory'. The regression analysis noted that being divorced or widowed increased the odds of discontinuing care. Providing 20–49 hr of care per week was associated with lower odds of discontinuing the role. This paper suggests that policymakers should take a holistic approach to policies to support carers through all stages of their caring journey, including after discontinuing the caring role. This could ensure carers settle into life post‐caring and continue to feel valued and recognised. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]