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Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to suggest an alternative to the widely used Times Cited criterion for analysing citation networks. The approach involves taking account of the natures of the papers that cite a given paper, so as to differentiate between papers that attract the same number of citations. Design/methodology/approach - ArticleRank is an algorithm that has been derived from Google's PageRank algorithm to measure the influence of journal articles. ArticleRank is applied to two datasets - a citation network based on an early paper on webometrics, and a self-citation network based on the 19 most cited papers in the Journal of Documentation - using citation data taken from the Web of Knowledge database. Findings - ArticleRank values provide a different ranking of a set of papers from that provided by the corresponding Times Cited values, and overcomes the inability of the latter to differentiate between papers with the same numbers of citations. The difference in rankings between Times Cited and ArticleRank is greatest for the most heavily cited articles in a dataset. Originality/value - This is a novel application of the PageRank algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose — The aims of this article are to describe the current status, usage, and acceptance of domestic preprint servers in mainland China by investigating three integrated preprint servers in mainland China. These are the Qiji e-print archive (Qiji), the Chinese Preprint Server (CPS), Chinese Science Papers Online (CSPO)., Design/methodology/approach — This research gives a quantitative analysis of the submission numbers to three preprint servers, the subject distribution and citations. An investigation of university websites and their policies was also carried out. Findings — Preprint submissions have a strong correlation with official promotion and policies. The preprints communication pattern in mainland China concentrates on the disciplines of physics, mathematics and computer science which reflects international preprint communication behaviour. As yet the domestic preprint servers in mainland China attract little attention from excellent scholars and have a low impact on scientific communication. Research limitations/implications — No author survey was conducted. Originality/value — This is the first paper to characterize the usage and acceptance of domestic preprint servers in mainland China using a quantitative method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to report on how library and information science (LIS) as a field operationalizes the concept of organizational sustainability for managing digital resources, projects and infrastructures such as digital libraries and repositories over time. It introduces a nine dimensional framework for organizational sustainability in the digital cultural heritage community.Design/methodology/approach Content analysis of publications from three LIS databases (2000–2015).Findings Comparing the articles to the nine dimension framework shows that most LIS articles discuss technology, financial or management dimensions. Fewer articles describe disaster planning, assessment or policy dimensions.Research limitations/implications Three LIS databases might not include all relevant journals, conferences, white papers and other materials. The data set also did not include books; library management textbooks might include useful material on organizational sustainability. Claims about the prevalence of themes are subject to methodological limits of content analysis.Practical implications Organizations that steward digital collections need to be clear about what they mean when they are referring to organizational sustainability so that they can make appropriate decisions for future-proofing their collections. The analysis would also suggest for a greater need to consider the full range of dimensions of organizational sustainability.Originality/value By introducing a new nine dimensional framework of organizational sustainability the authors hope to promote more and better conversations within the LIS community about organizational sustainability. The authors hope these conversations will lead to productive action and improvements in the arrangements of people and work necessary to keep digital projects and services going over time, given ongoing challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose – Social Media is one of the largest platforms to voluntarily communicate thoughts. With increase in multimedia data on social networking websites, information about human behaviour is increasing. This user-generated data are present on the internet in different modalities including text, images, audio, video, gesture, etc. The purpose of this paper is to consider multiple variables for event detection and analysis including weather data, temporal data, geo-location data, traffic data, weekday’s data, etc. Design/methodology/approach – In this paper, evolution of different approaches have been studied and explored for multivariate event analysis of uncertain social media data. Findings – Based on burst of outbreak information from social media including natural disasters, contagious disease spread, etc. can be controlled. This can be path breaking input for instant emergency management resources. This has received much attention from academic researchers and practitioners to study the latent patterns for event detection from social media signals. Originality/value – This paper provides useful insights into existing methodologies and recommendations for future attempts in this area of research. An overview of architecture of event analysis and statistical approaches are used to determine the events in social media which need attention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to look at the recent growth of the Internet, and how it has greatly increased the amount of information that is accessible and the number of resources that are available to users. To exploit this growth, it must be possible for users to find the information and resources they need. Existing techniques for organizing systems have evolved from those used on centralized systems, but these techniques are inadequate for organizing information on a global scale. Design/methodology/approach - The paper describes Prospero, a distributed file system based on the Virtual System Model. Prospero provides tools to help users organize Internet resources. Findings - These tools allow users to construct customized views of available resources, while taking advantage of the structure imposed by others. Originality/value - Prospero provides a framework that can tie together various indexing services, producing the fabric on which resource discovery techniques can be applied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose - The purpose of the paper is to evaluate the performance and efficiency of the five most used search engines, i.e. Google, Yahoo!, Live, Ask, and AOL, in retrieving internet resources at specific points of time using a large number of complex queries. Design/methodology/approach - In order to examine the performance of the five search engines, five sets of experiments were conducted using 50 complex queries within two different time frames. The data were evaluated using Excel and SPSS software. Findings - The paper results highlight the fact that different web search engines, which use different technology to find and present web information, yield different first page search results. The overall analysis of the findings of different measures reveals that Google has a significantly higher rate of performance in retrieving web resources as compared with the other four search engines. Yahoo! is the second best in terms of retrieval performance. The other three search engines did not performed satisfactorily compared with Google and Yahoo! Originality/value - The paper will provide important insight into the effectiveness of major search engines and their ability to retrieve relevant internet resources. This paper has produced key findings that are important for all web search engine users and researchers, and the web industry. The findings will also assist search companies to improve their services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose - Traditional subject indexing and classification are considered infeasible in many digital collections. This paper seeks to investigate ways of enhancing social tagging via knowledge organization systems, with a view to improving the quality of tags for increased information discovery and retrieval performance. Design/methodology/approach - Enhanced tagging interfaces were developed for exemplar online repositories, and trials were undertaken with author and reader groups to evaluate the effectiveness of tagging augmented with control vocabulary for subject indexing of papers in online repositories. Findings - The results showed that using a knowledge organisation system to augment tagging does appear to increase the effectiveness of non-specialist users (that is, without information science training) in subject indexing. Research limitations/implications - While limited by the size and scope of the trials undertaken, these results do point to the usefulness of a mixed approach in supporting the subject indexing of online resources. Originality/value - The value of this work is as a guide to future developments in the practical support for resource indexing in online repositories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Peer review has been with humans for a long time. Its effective inception dates back to World War II resulting information overload, which imposed a quantitative and qualitative screening of publications. Peer review was beset by a number of accusations and critics largely from the biases and subjective aspects of the process including the secrecy in which the processes became standard. Advent of the Internet in the early 1990s provided a manner to open peer review up to make it more transparent, less iniquitous, and more objective. This chapter investigates whether this openness led to a more objective manner of judging scientific publications. Three sites are examined: Electronic Transactions on Artificial Intelligence (ETAI), Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP), and Faculty of 1000 (F1000). These sites practice open peer review wherein reviewers and authors and their reviews and rebuttals are available for all to see. The chapter examines the different steps taken to allow reviewers and authors to interact and how this allows for the entire community to participate. This new prepublication reviewing of papers has to some extent, alleviated the biases that were previously preponderant and, furthermore, seems to give positive results and feedback. Although recent, experiences seem to have elicited scientists' acceptance because openness allows for a more objective and fair judgment of research and scholarship. Yet, it will undoubtedly lead to new questions which are examined in this chapter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present a new immunization strategy for effectively solving the control of the spread of the virus. Design/methodology/approach – Inspired by the idea of network partition, taking two optimization targets which are the scale of sub-network and the sum of the strengths of the sub-network's nodes into account at the same time, a new immunization strategy based on greedy algorithm in the scale-free network is presented. After specifying the number of nodes through the immunization, the network is divided into the scale of sub-network and the sum of the strength of the sub-network's nodes as small as possible. Findings – The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has the better performance than targeted immunization which is supposed to be highly efficient at present. Originality/value – This paper proposes a new immunization strategy based on greedy algorithm in the scale-free network for effectively solving the control of the spread of the virus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose – Seven years after the release of Google Scholar in 2004, it was enhanced by a new module, the Google Scholar Author Citation Tracker (GSACT), currently a small subset of the complete Google Scholar (GS) database. The aim of this paper is to focus on this enhancement. Design/methodology/approach – The paper discusses the Google Scholar Author Citation Tracker, its features, potential benefits and problems. Findings – GSACT allows registered users to create and edit their scientific profiles and some bibliometric indicators, such as the h-index, total citation counts, and the i10 index. These metrics are provided for the entire academic career of authors and for the most recent five-year period. The new module also offers some long overdue essential options, such as sorting result lists of the documents by their publication year, title, and the citations received Originality/value – The paper shows that, at present, GSACT may be too little, too late. However, with an extension of the current clean-up project it could possibly become a really scholarly resource in the long run. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: An increasing amount of students' and teachers' work in the classroom involves digital technologies such as tablets and laptop computers. The purpose of this paper is to gain insight into the possibilities and challenges related to teachers' use of digital textbooks and, through this work, the conditions for technology-enhanced learning (TEL). Design/methodology/approach: This study was based on interviews with two teachers. In the analysis, The Ecology of Resources Model (Luckin, 2010) was used. Findings: The findings of this study show that teachers see challenges in finding time to review digital textbooks and support the work with the textbooks in the classroom. However, the teachers in this study prioritize this work, seeing it as providing structure and improved accessibility for students. Practical implications: The findings of this study point toward the need to support teachers in their work with reviewing and using digital textbooks, as well as other digitalized resources. How schools as organizations can support teachers' activities, both individually and collaboratively, will be important. If this work is supported it may, in turn, have impact on TEL and promoting students' use of digital textbooks and improving student outcomes. Originality/value: This small study provides interesting insights into how teachers prioritize their work with digital textbooks to, despite challenges related to time, individualize and support students' work with digital textbooks and other digital resources. Research on teachers' use of digital textbooks in practice is limited. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose – The purpose of the paper is to describe several stages in a university library's approach to providing access to theses and dissertations, culminating in a decision to use CONTENTdm and its Dublin Core-based metadata along with our ability to provide even wider access in the future through OCLC. Design/methodology/approach – The university's treatment of theses and dissertations, from paper through a homegrown electronic system through CONTENTdm and beyond, is recounted in this paper. Findings – Electronic open access to theses and dissertations increases their usage; a digital management software package streamlines their management and presentation. Practical implications – Proprietary software has advantages over home-grown approaches to digital library content. Originality/value – This paper updates the findings in earlier articles about the use of CONTENTdm for ETDs and the use of OCLC services for metadata harvesting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose - This paper aims to give a brief description of some chemistry portals available worldwide, folowed by a description of the chemistry portal developed for Panjab University Library, Chandigarh (India). Design/methodology/approach - A well-structured chemistry portal was designed for chemistry and its allied departments at Panjab University based on studies of other chemistry portals worldwide. Findings - All the students, research scholars and faculty members of chemistry and allied subjects are deriving benefit from the use of this portal. Research limitations/implications - The paper provides information about chemistry portals available worldwide. However, only selected portals are presented. Moreover, the information sources included in the chemistry portal may also not be exhaustive. Practical implications - The paper would be of help to librarians who plan to develop such portals for other subjects. Originality/value - The success of the portal has led to a demand from other departments in the university for developing subject portals in their subject areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a study conducted at the Physics and Astronomy Department at University College in London, England, which examines the role of Google Inc.'s Google general web search engine in the information-seeking behavior of physicists and astronomers. It uses a mixed-methods study that includes 56 semi-structured interviews, 114 respondent-questionnaire survey, and information-event card reporting. It shows that Google is mostly used for problem-specific content searching and that there is a growing reliance of scientists on Google for finding scholarly articles. It identifies an increasing number of articles that scientists read through Google because of their awareness of the quantity of scholarly articles available on the said search engine.

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to describe the repository deposit protocol, Simple Web-service Offering Repository Deposit (SWORD), its development iteration, and some of its potential use cases. In addition, seven case studies of institutional use of SWORD are provided. Design/methodology/approach - The paper describes the recent development cycle of the SWORD standard, with issues being identified and overcome with a subsequent version. Use cases and case studies of the new standard in action are included to demonstrate the wide range of practical uses of the SWORD standard. Findings - SWORD has many potential use cases and has quickly become the defacto standard for depositing items into repositories. By making use of a widely-supported interoperable standard, tools can be created that start to overcome some of the problems of gathering content for deposit into institutional repositories. They can do this by changing the submission process from a "one-size-fits-all" solution, as provided by the repository's own user interface, to customised solutions for different users. Originality/value - Many of the case studies described in this paper are new and unpublished, and describe methods of creating novel interoperable tools for depositing items into repositories. The description of SWORD version 1.3 and its development give an insight into the processes involved with the development of a new standard. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose - Although several collections have been digitized and made available in the University of Pretoria's Institutional Repository, a pilot study has not been done to measure the project management and workflow. The collections available in the repository at the time of this project were all long-term projects. There was a need to identify a project small enough to conform to normal project management requirements to use as an example to establish the planning and workflow of future projects. The purpose of this study is to determine the outcome and quality of the final web-ready institutional repository product against specific digitization project goals. Design/methodology/approach - A collection of anatomical sketches in the custody of the Faculty of Veterinary Science, Department of Anatomy and Physiology was identified as a possible collection that could comply with the above criteria. The different sketches in the Elephant collection could be digitized in phases, making it an ideal project for future comparison. In each phase a number of tasks were identified which the various role players should complete during the workfiow process. Each phase would be compared to the previous completed phases to measure the outcomes and progress made in quality and time. Through successful interaction and collaboration between the Library and the Department of Anatomy and Physiology during the digitization process, valuable tacit knowledge could be preserved for future use in the field of Veterinary Science. Findings - The completed project delivered on key areas such as the electronic availability of the collection through metadata description. Basic preservation of the physical collection was undertaken as necessary and the physical as well as the digital collections were archived for future use. The conclusion will describe the lessons learned and how it can be applied in future projects to the advantage of the institution. Practical implications - The paper provides a very useful case study for other academic libraries that want to develop their own digital collections. Originality/value - This paper offers practical help to libraries starting with digitization. It supplies valuable information for project management, planning of workfiow and estimate time frames for completing a specific task in the digitization process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to engage in a thought experiment, exploring the use of Wikipedia or similar content-malleable systems for the review and dissemination of academic knowledge. Design/methodology/approach - By looking at other sources, the paper considers the current state of the academic peer-review process, discusses Wikipedia and reflects on dynamic content creation and management applications currently in use in academia. Findings - The traditional peer review process must be updated to match the rapid creation and diffusion of knowledge that characterises the 21st century. The Wikipedia concept is a potential model for more rapid and reliable dissemination of scholarly knowledge. The implications of such a concept would have a dramatic effect on the academic community. Originality/value - This paper promotes a radical idea for changing the methods by which academic knowledge is both constructed and disseminated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose -- The purpose of this paper is to investigate pupil use of a newly-created section of a school intranet established to promote greater interest in the organisation's library. Design/methodology/approach -- In October 2006, data collected over a two-week period via Microsoft SharePoint, the software which supports the intranet, were examined in order to explore overall levels of use of the library pages, differences in interest between girls and boys, variations in use among youngsters in the particular year groups and the extent to which use changed over time. Findings -- Although an equal number of girls and boys visited the library pages, the former recorded more hits. Use was greatest among Year Eleven females but few youngsters of either gender or any age returned to the library section on a day subsequent to their initial visit. Interest fell away rapidly within days of the principal phase of data collection commencing. Research limitations/implications -- The data employed were limited to the usage figures provided by the SharePoint log. Future research should, if possible, address whether the new intranet section has led to greater use of the actual library. Practical implications -- To ensure that consultation of library pages is sustained over a prolonged period, much needs to be done to tie their content into wider school activities. Originality/value -- This is the first paper devoted to pupil use of a section of a school intranet specifically developed to publicise the organisation's library, and it will interest both academics studying young people's information behaviour and school librarians considering ways of promoting their libraries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose ? The purpose of this paper is to clarify some issues regarding citation indexing, analysis and searching. Design/methodology/approach ? The paper begins with a discussion on an article in the D-Lib Magazine and then focuses on deflated citation counts and inflated and phantom citation counts. Findings ? The combination of the inflated citation count values dispensed by Google Scholar (GS) with the ignorance and shallowness of some GS enthusiasts can be a real mix for real scholars. Originality/value ? The paper offers insight into deflated, inflated and phantom citation counts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose – Webometric techniques have been applied to many websites and online resources, especially since the launch of Google Analytics (GA). To date, though, there has been little consideration of information behaviour in relation to digitised newspaper collections. The purpose of this paper is to address a perceived gap in the literature by providing an account of user behaviour in the newly launched Welsh Newspapers Online (WNO). Design/methodology/approach – The author collected webometric data for WNO using GA and web server content logs. These were analysed to identify patterns of engagement and user behaviour, which were then considered in relation to existing information behaviour. Findings – Use of WNO, while reminiscent of archival information seeking, can be understood as centring on the web interface rather than the digitised material. In comparison to general web browsing, users are much more deeply engaged with the resource. This engagement incorporates reading online, but users’ information seeking utilises website search and browsing functionality rather than filtering in newspaper material. Information seeking in digitised newspapers resembles the model of the “user” more closely than that of the “reader”, a value-laden distinction which needs further unpacking. Research limitations/implications – While the behaviour discussed in this paper is likely to be more widely representative, a larger longitudinal data set would increase the study’s significance. Additionally, the methodology of this paper can only tell us what users are doing, and further research is needed to identify the drivers for this behaviour. Originality/value – This study provides important insights into the underinvestigated area of digitised newspaper collections, and shows the importance of webometric methods in analysing online user behaviour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to highlight current awareness web sites. Design/methodology/approach - The paper presents a general review. Findings - Staying current is essential today more than ever. Originality/value - The sites reviewed in this paper are useful tools to that purpose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose – This paper aims to review relevant literature to identify trends affecting social media to help managers and researchers better understand social media; this paper also provides the implications of these trends for mangers and researchers. Social media is viewed as a credible source of information from consumers who have experienced travel products. The user-generated content these consumers post on social media Web sites influences those who read their posts or view aggregate ratings of multiple reviews about a product. It can move the reader to either purchase or not purchase the products. Social media is an important source of consumer information and can create new customers. Design/methodology/approach – The paper reviewed both academic and trade literature to provide an overview of social trends that are relevant to practitioners. Findings – The author identified four trends: millennials replacing baby boomers as the major business travel segment, increased use of mobile devices, dynamic pricing and marketing dollars shifting to social media. The implications of each of the trends are discussed. The findings provided valuable insights for practitioners and researchers. Originality/value – Social media is emerging as an important marketing tool for the travel industry. It is transforming the way companies allocate their marketing budget. The identification of trends that are affecting social media and will continue to affect social media in the future will provide immediate benefits to practitioners and researchers with a stream of research ideas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyse the degree of accessibility of a set of electronic journals that are hosted on widely used online scientific journal publishing platforms and whose content quality has already been certified. Two studies were performed, in which the accessibility of the selected platforms was studied in 2011 and 2016.Design/methodology/approach The research was performed on publishing platforms than hosted more than 20 journals about human behaviour and factors that may influence it. The evaluation was carried out following the methodology described by the Web Accessibility Initiative in their Website Accessibility Conformance Evaluation Methodology.Findings The results show that, in spite of an improvement in accessibility, all the analysed electronic consultation platforms contain errors that could hinder their users’ access to their content. The incidence of errors found varies considerably among platforms. As the user interface of each platform analysed is common to all the online scientific electronic journals it hosts, the results obtained are valid for all other journals hosted on a given platform.Research limitations/implications Obtained results were valid in the date and time the websites were analysed. Changes made on the websites since then make that the results of an accessibility analysis would be different.Practical implications Analysed platforms would require taking steps to ensure their accessibility.Social implications Users with disabilities cannot use these platforms appropriately due to the accessibility problems found. The lack of web accessibility also has implications regarding visibility of published articles and common users.Originality/value This work offers a systematic analysis that includes manual accessibility evaluation, which has not been performed in scientific article publishing platforms to the extent presented in this paper. Articles found in the literature perform automatic analyses, which lack the depth of a manual one. Besides, when manual accessibility analysis is performed, usually the home page of a platform or journal alone is considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore and study the aspects of usability related to eMaintenance solutions. The study aims to expand the domain of eMaintenance by increasing the usefulness of the computerized maintenance management systems (CMMS) through improved usability. Design/methodology/approach – The paper opted for an exploratory study using interviews, one expert focus group discussion, and observations. Findings – The paper provides insights on specific usability characteristics that can be adapted to eMaintenance solutions for industrial usage, e.g. aviation and process industry. The findings show that the current implementations of eMaintenance solutions in CMMS, in many cases, suffer from an insufficient level of usability. This has led to usability issues resulting in errors and mistakes. The result is a call for a more user-based focus, in which, the system needs to be easily understood, easily navigated, containing the necessary information to conduct maintenance tasks, tracking of the work conducted and who was involved, and the system needs to be compatible with other systems so that necessary information can be accessed via the CMMS. Research limitations/implications – Because of the chosen research approach, the research results may lack generalizability. Therefore, researchers are encouraged to test the proposed propositions further. Practical implications – The paper includes implications for the development of a CMMS, which could have positive effects for maintenance tasks. Originality/value – This paper fulfills an identified need to study how CMMS actually fulfill the task they are designed to do. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to describe an approach of using mobile phones with Bluetooth technology to enter/exit restricted area. Design/methodology/approach – Applied Bluetooth technology implemented in mobile phones enables the user to perform the identification and the state of presence while entering/exiting the parking space without stopping the vehicle. For the successful implementation of this method for presence detection and proper identification, it is necessary to determine the values of the Bluetooth signal. Findings – This paper discuses a case study that has been done at entry/exit of parking lots. The obtained experimental results show that mobile phones with the Bluetooth technology can be successfully applied as presence detection sensors, as well as in processes for the identification of the user/object in the move. Practical implications – The paper gives a primer how mobile phones with Bluetooth technology, in addition to their basic purpose, can be used as identification devices to enter/exit restricted area. Originality/value – The users have possibilities to access restricted area using a common device – a mobile phone with Bluetooth technology. Successful implementation of developed access control system is based on determining the proper value of the Bluetooth signal strength field that extends around the control cabinet in which the Bluetooth devices are situated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose – The topology of manufacturing systems is specified during the design phase and can afterwards only be adjusted at high expense. The purpose of this paper is to exploit the availability of large-scale data sets in manufacturing by applying measures from complex network theory and from classical performance evaluation to investigate the relation between structure and performance. Design/methodology/approach – The paper develops a manufacturing system network model that is composed of measures from complex network theory. The analysis is based on six company data sets containing up to half a million operation records. The paper uses the network model as a straightforward approach to assess the manufacturing systems and to evaluate the impact of topological measures on fundamental performance figures, e.g., work in process or lateness. Findings – The paper able to show that the manufacturing systems network model is a low-effort approach to quickly assess a manufacturing system. Additionally, the paper demonstrates that manufacturing networks display distinct, non-random network characteristics on a network-wide scale and that the relations between topological and performance key figures are non-linear. Research limitations/implications – The sample consists of six data sets from Germany-based manufacturing companies. As the model is universal, it can easily be applied to further data sets from any industry. Practical implications – The model can be utilized to quickly analyze large data sets without employing classical methods (e.g. simulation studies) which require time-intensive modeling and execution. Originality/value – This paper explores for the first time the application of network figures in manufacturing systems in relation to performance figures by using real data from manufacturing companies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose – This paper aims to explore the construction and configuration of environmentally friendly living through making visible the link networks that surround personal greener living blogs. The following questions guide the exploration: which types of organisations/actors structure the issue network of green living blogs as it emerges through links? How do these links contribute to carving out thematic areas as particularly influential for the construction of what greener living is seen to mean? Design/methodology/approach – Mixed method, a link and co-link analysis of 46 personal blogs carried out with the IssueCrawler tool, is backed up by a qualitative textual analysis of central personal green living blogs to contextualise the resulting networks. Findings – The resulting network shows an issue space that is divided in two halves: one half where green living is largely an issue of relating outwards (e.g. by broaching consumption) and another half which is inwards oriented (e.g. beauty products, personal well-being). A large integrative centre of mainly personal blogs functions as a hub for different notions of greener living, structured around pleasure vs a problem focus, and along inwards vs outwards orientation. Research limitations/implications – The empirical material consists of a sample of Swedish language blogs, which has implications for the outcome of the study. Practical implications – The study intends to contribute to laying the ground for developing adequately targeted and multi-faceted (online) information campaigns to inform about environmentally friendly living. Originality/value – The results can contribute to expand understanding of environmentally friendly living as it is represented online and thereby add value to comprehend and target parts of society. This paper contributes to the area of environmental information, which is an important and topical yet under-researched area in information studies. The IssueCrawler tool is used in a concrete empirical study in information studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide an exploratory review of how the global hotel industry publicly communicates its approach to sustainability. Design/methodology/approach – The paper begins with an outline of the growing importance of sustainability within the hospitality industry and a short discussion of the characteristics of sustainability. The paper draws its empirical material from the most recent information on sustainability posted on the world's leading hotel chains' corporate websites. Findings – The findings reveal that while there is considerable variation in the information the leading hotel chains provided publicly on their sustainability commitments and achievements, they embrace a wide range of environmental, social and economic issues. More critically, the authors argue that these commitments are driven more by the search for efficiency gains, that they are couched within existing business models centred on continuing growth, and that as such the global hotel industry is currently pursuing a "weak" rather than a "strong" model of sustainability. Practical implications – The paper suggests that although the leading global hotel companies are well placed to take a leading role in promoting sustainability, they may need to extend their sustainability reporting and to introduce external assurance procedures. Originality/value – The paper provides an accessible review of the sustainability agendas currently being pursued within the global hotel industry and as such it will interest academics, students and practitioners interested in both the hospitality industry and corporate sustainability strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to utilise the existing theories on consumer behaviour and scales within web quality to develop a framework for measuring travellers' web satisfaction and willingness to purchase tickets through airlines' web sites. Design/methodology/approach – The paper is discursive, based on the analysis and synthesis of literature pertaining to e-consumer behaviour, web quality and travel and tourism streams. Gaps in the previous research have been identified and a conceptual framework is consequently proposed. In addition, further research and methodology is suggested. Findings – The paper proposes a conceptual framework that can measure consumers' electronic satisfaction and intention to purchase tickets from airlines' web sites. The framework includes nine constructs: information quality, system quality, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, e-trust, airline reputation, price perception, e-satisfaction and intention to purchase. Research limitations/implications – As a conceptual paper, the study is limited to literature and prior empirical research, identifying gaps and proposing a framework. The paper recommends further empirical validation of the proposed integrated model. Practical implications – The framework is helpful for decision makers within airline companies to identify the factors that can satisfy travellers when using an airline's own web site and influence them to buy e-tickets. Originality/value – The paper fills gaps in the knowledge of e-consumer behaviour and web quality within the airline industry through suggesting a framework that helps decision makers to enhance or modify their existing marketing strategies and web site appearance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose – Community initiatives to collate and manage different kinds of cultural forms and resources are a popular way for local people to engage with the heritage of their area. These initiatives are often heavily dependent, however, upon short-term funding and long-term efforts of a few dedicated individuals. This paper aims to explore how community digital archives offer scope to widen participation in cultural activities and to investigate the sustainability of these initiatives. Design/methodology/approach – A case study approach was taken of Hebridean Connections, which is a community managed, online historical resource. This paper is primarily based on interview data with key stakeholders, all of whom are based in the Outer Hebrides of Scotland. Findings – Participation in Hebridean Connections was reported in positive terms by respondents and many cited that it was a good way to reconnect with diasporic populations and that they believed that this would encourage tourism. It was also reported that the system of linked records added value to the collections as previously undiscovered connections could be made that would not be possible without the electronic resource. Originality/value – Few studies have been undertaken examining community digital archives. The multidisciplinary nature of the study also brings together different perspectives on the area of enquiry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose – The expertise of a system administrator is believed to be important for effective use of intrusion detection systems (IDS). This paper examines two hypotheses concerning the system administrators' ability to filter alarms produced by an IDS by comparing the performance of an IDS to the performance of a system administrator using the IDS. Design/methodology/approach – An experiment was constructed where five computer networks are attacked during four days. The experiment assessed difference made between the output of a system administrator using an IDS and the output of the IDS alone. The administrator's analysis process was also investigated through interviews. Findings – The experiment shows that the system administrator analysing the output from the IDS significantly improves the portion of alarms corresponding to attacks, without decreasing the probability that an attack is detected significantly. In addition, an analysis is made of the types of expertise that is used when output from the IDS is processed by the administrator. Originality/value – Previous work, based on interviews with system administrators, has suggested that competent system administrators are important in order to achieve effective IDS solutions. This paper presents a quantitative test of the value system administrators add to the intrusion detection solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose - The purpose of the paper is to provide a tribute to the life and work of library fund-raiser Gwen Leighty. Design/methodology/approach - The paper uses personal knowledge and references to Academic Libraries Advancement and Development Network (ALADN) and LIBDEV web sites. Findings - The paper finds that fundraising is connecting with people and the journey that each development officer must make while raising funds for their library. Originality/value - The paper presents a brief history of ALADN and the valuable contribution one person made to the cause of library fund-raising. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose – The objective of this paper is to propose a holistic dynamic model for understanding the behavior of a complex and internet-based kind of knowledge market by considering both social and economic interactions. Design/methodology/approach – A system dynamics (SD) model is formulated in this study to investigate the dynamic characteristics of complex interactions in a fee-based online question & answer (Q&A) knowledge market. The proposed model considers the dynamic, non-linear, asymmetric, and reciprocal relationships between its components, and allows the study of the evolution of the market under assumed conditions. Findings – Some illustrative results show that: this market is very sensitive to the prices that the customers choose; low-priced questions are as important as high-priced ones; gradually increasing experts' proportion of a question's price reduces customer satisfaction and experts' reputation; and training programs for experts result in higher customer satisfaction and researchers' reputation. Furthermore, three types of customers are identified and discussed. Practical implications – This model can be used to change, manage, and control this market and also helps to design new similar markets. In addition, the proposed model helps to observe the behavior of a market under one or more policies before applying to the real world. Social implications – Since GA was shut down in 2006, the implications of this research serve as a strategic tool (strategic evaluation software) for understanding and examining the effects of policies for many existing similar Q&A business models. Furthermore, the SD approach can provide new insights into the field of online Q&A knowledge markets and overcome traditional econometric treatment of data for understanding the dynamic behavior of these markets. Originality/value – Understanding the complex social and economic behavior of Q&A markets is one of the most important concerns for academics and practitioners in the areas of online markets' management. The paper shows how SD can provide attractive insights into the field of online fee-based knowledge markets based on a qualitative and quantitative modeling. However, the background literature lacks a holistic view of these kinds of markets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose – This paper aims to propose a high-level structure for a global quality evaluation of a website. This structure is based on the characteristics, sub-characteristics and attributes of three main dimensions (content, service, and technical quality) that will substantiate the development of broad website quality evaluation, comparison and improvement methodologies, according to particular sectors of activity and evaluator's perspective. Design/methodology/approach – Based on the literature and the author's experience a framework is proposed for a global quality evaluation of a website. Findings – Considering the results of some studies, as well as the systematisation of the knowledge available in several bibliographies, website quality can be grouped into three main dimensions: content quality, service quality, and technical quality. There has not yet been an evaluation methodology that focuses on these three main website quality dimensions in a broad and transversal sense. Originality/value – The paper presents an innovative high-level structure for a global quality evaluation of a website, based on three dimensions not previously considered together. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose – Images can be seen in a different way by different users. The purpose of this paper is to examine how users describe images and to ascertain whether differences exist between users and librarians in creating metadata on images. Design/methodology/approach – The paper compares metadata on digital images generated by users to metadata generated by librarians. A sample of images taken from Digital Library of Slovenia and Flickr is presented to students to assign tags. The tags are grouped into categories and classes of attributes and compared to keywords added by Slovene librarians and to tags created by Flickr visitors. Findings – The number of assigned tags differs greatly among survey participants, librarians and Flickr users, the participants being the most productive. A majority of tags reflect perceptual attributes and tagging is mostly done for personal benefit. The matching rate for all images is 41.4 percent; matching is a little higher with the Flickr images. Practical implications – Social tagging can be used to develop control vocabularies reflecting users' language and to provide access to digital images. Originality/value – The paper presents quantitative data on image attributes used by users in describing images. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose – This paper aims to determine to what extent the scientific production and research activities of a group of National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) research institutes in the sciences, social sciences and humanities are visible on the internet with a view to identifying areas where web presence is not optimal so improvements can be made. Design/methodology/approach – The authors do this by analysing the relevant information on their web sites and by comparing institutional listings of scientific production between 2005 and 2006, with papers reported in the international, multidisciplinary online services of the Web of Science and Scopus, as well as in Clase and Periódica which cover production in Latin American journals. Findings – Results indicate general poor visibility of research activities and production in the institutional web sites with only limited access to full text articles. Web sites of the institutes in the sciences score better than those in the humanities and social sciences where book publication is an important research output. The official publication lists in the form of annual reports were found not to accurately represent production with additional papers attributed to the different institutions appearing in commercial databases. It is suggested that more effort should be directed towards improving the information content and access to research data on these institutional web sites, possibly through linkage to an UNAM repository. Originality/value – This is the first study to critically examine the visibility of research on Mexican academic web sites for which a series of indicators related to the different categories of research information which would ideally be found on institutional pages were developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose – In this paper, the author aims to define common causes of resistance to organizational change and describe several tactics project managers can use to overcome some of these causes. Design/methodology/approach – Using theory and example from other management studies, the author relates the relevance of these studies to methods project managers can use to overcome resistance to organizational change. Findings – Resistance to change has several factors, some of them based on level of institutional investment in the change effort as well as the characteristics of interpersonal relations within the organization. Rather than focusing on one aspect, as some earlier research studies have suggested, overcoming resistance to change requires using tactics that can address all of the issues. Originality/value – This paper fills a gap in the digital library project management literature by providing an overview of a useful methodology for addressing issues related to organizational change and resistance to that change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore aspects of creating, seeking, sharing and management of information in food blogging as serious leisure. Design/methodology/approach – Participants' conceptualisation of food blogging and the role of information in it is interpreted through in-depth interviews and analysis of activity on the UK Food Bloggers Association web site. Findings – Food blogging as a leisure pursuit resulted in the creation of new information sources, for which existing information is a source of inspiration. The content, and style of blogs, and so their nature as information sources, were influenced by the extent of involvement in a professional-amateur-public (PAP) system. Information about publics or audiences was of great concern and a focus of collegial information sharing. The management of content implies greater personal information management needs, but the data did not show great awareness of this, rather interviewees were concerned with access management. Pre-professionals had an intensified concern with Intellectual Property Rights (IPR). Research limitations/implications – Food blogs may be better understood by placing them in the context of the PAP system. Practical implications – Food bloggers are sophisticated users of information and ICTs, but have unrecognised access management and information management requirements that have potentially significant design implications. Originality/value – This paper adds to the growing literature on information aspects of serious leisure by examining activity within Stebbins' professional-amateur-public system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyse the publications of, and the citations to, the current staff of 19 departments of computer science in Malaysian universities, and to compare these bibliometric data with expert peer reviews of Malaysian research performance. Design/methodology/approach – This paper searches citation of the Scopus and Web of Science databases. Findings – Both publication and citation rates are low, although this is at least in part due to some Malaysian universities having only a teaching function. More of the departments' publications were identified in Scopus than in Web of Science, but both databases were needed for comprehensive coverage. Statistically significant relationships were observed between the departments' publication and citation counts and the rankings of the departments' parent universities in two evaluations of the research performance of Malaysian universities. Originality/value – This is the first comparison of bibliometric and peer-review data for Malaysia, and, more generally, for a country with a newly developed higher education system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose - This paper sets out to examine the use of an automatic acquisition plan to acquire international children's award book winners in academic libraries and to offer suggestions for promoting these resources. Design/methodology/approach - The paper examined the vendor's website, vendor-created spreadsheets detailing award-winning children's books from 2007-2009, and book award websites. Findings - The findings show that acquiring international children's award book winners using an automatic acquisition plan is an excellent startingpoint for developing international children's award collections. Featured awards favor works in English. Award books from all continents and regions are not available, but award winners chosen by ethnic and international organizations can be selected to broaden the ethnic and cultural diversity of the resources. Originality/value - This paper details a beginning point for acquiring and promoting international children's award book winners for academic libraries in order to support multiculturalism and globalism by diversifying curriculum materials collection and providing vital resources for future educators and the larger campus community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to propose a theoretical framework to distinguish different forms of network resource that govern knowledge-based alliances and facilitate innovation. Design/methodology/approach - The paper seeks to build theory through a critical analysis of the relevant literature. Findings - The paper draws on the notion of network resources to better understand those assets firms have at their disposal to facilitate knowledge-based interactions and relationships that catalyze innovation. It seeks to integrate the concept of social capital, which the paper argues largely concerns resources related to the social relations and networks held by those individuals within a particular firm. As a means of describing and identifying network resources that are more strategically held by the firm as a whole, the paper introduces the concept of network capital. Network capital is defined as consisting of investments in calculative relations by firms through which they gain access to knowledge to enhance expected economic returns. Therefore, the paper argues that it is possible to make a distinction between the two types of network resource: network capital and social capital. Research limitations/implications - Making a distinction between network capital and social capital is relevant to both scholars and decision-makers as it provides a framework for analyzing the underlying complexity of inter-firm networks and variability across a range of dimensions, conditions and contingencies. It also provides a framework for evaluating which networks a firm can or cannot manage and invest in to meet its requirements. Originality/value - The paper develops a new and more refined framework for analyzing and evaluating knowledge-based alliances and innovation-driven networks between firms and other actors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose - IPv6 is the replacement for the internet's incumbent protocol, IPv4. IPv6 adoption is required to allow the internet to continue to grow; however, there has been almost no uptake since its standardization in the late 1990s. This paper seeks to explain how this non-adoption may be a consequence of current policies paradoxically intended to promote IPv6. Design/methodology/approach - Economic theories of exhaustible resources and permit markets are used to provide an explanation for the lack of adoption of IPv6. Findings - The current policy approach will not yield a significant adoption of IPv6 until after the IPv4 address space is exhausted and may also constrain internet growth after IPv4 exhaustion occurs. Practical implications - Current policies intended to promote IPv6 diffusion through the internet must be reconsidered. The economics of permit markets in particular can inform discussions about IPv4 address transfer markets. Originality/value - Economic analyses of IPv6 adoption are almost non-existent and very few prior studies are known. This paper helps to rectify this important gap in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to examine and discuss the classification of commercial popular music when large digital collections are organised for use in films. Design/methodology/approach - A range of systems are investigated and their organization is discussed, focusing on an analysis of the metadata used by the systems and choices given to the end-user to construct a query. The indexing of the music is compared with a check-list of music facets which has been derived from recent musicological literature on semiotic analysis of popular music. These facets include aspects of communication, cultural and musical expression, codes and competences. Findings - In addition to bibliographic detail, descriptive metadata are used to organise music in these systems. Genre, subject and mood are used widely; some musical facets also appear. The extent to which attempts are being made to reflect these facets in the organization of these systems is discussed. A number of recommendations are made which may help to improve this process. Originality/value - The paper discusses an area of creative music search which has not previously been investigated in any depth and makes recommendations based on findings and the literature which may be used in the development of commercial systems as well as making a contribution to the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to review the LibGuides website that hosts library user guides. Design/methodology/approach - This paper outlines the features and benefits of the LibGuides site, describes how it can be used as a web portal and peruses its hosted content. Findings - LibGuides is a good place to see how different libraries are incorporating Web 2.0 approaches into their library guides. Originality/value - The familiar library guide still can have a strong impact in the Web 2.0 environment and enhance a library's online presence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is first, to review current literature on corporate identity, image and reputation; second, to analyse the "green reputation" on a sample of Slovene companies based on their web sites and third, to present implications for companies and further research. Design/methodology/approach - Content analysis and discourse analysis were used to examine sections of web sites related to sustainable development of 20 Slovene companies representing the pharmaceutical, chemical, energy, food production, retailing, automotive, construction, logistics, sales of oil products and domestic appliance industries. Findings - The web sites of 20 Slovene companies studied show that all companies present their values about environment protection and social responsibility, which they relate to sustainable development. However, "green" identity is not fully exploited in terms of being used as a distinctive feature of a company and as such it does not sufficiently contribute to gaining competitive advantage for a company. Research limitations/implications - Although constituted by all relevant Slovene companies, the sample is limited in size. Further research could be done with a larger sample to test the findings. Different tools and media of marketing communication and a stakeholder survey could confirm the importance of the findings and significance for green reputation development. Practical implications - Senior company management can use the findings from the research presented here as a starting-point for the development of corporate reputation as a "green" company through appropriate use of corporate communication. Originality/value - The research paper contributes to the scarce literature on green reputation development, which is almost non-existent with regard to non-multinational companies from post-transition and transition economies. The paper also reveals new findings about the problem of standardisation within "green" marketing communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose - This paper aims to describe a bilateral symmetric approach to authorization, privacy protection and obligation enforcement in distributed transactions. The authors introduce the concept of the obligation of trust (OoT) protocol as a privacy assurance and authorization mechanism that is built upon the XACML standard. The OoT allows two communicating parties to dynamically exchange their privacy and authorization requirements and capabilities, which the authors term a notification of obligation (NoB), as well as their commitments to fulfilling each other's requirements, which the authors term signed acceptance of obligations (SAO). The authors seek to describe some applicability of these concepts and to show how they can be integrated into distributed authorization systems for stricter privacy and confidentiality control. Design/methodology/approach - Existing access control and privacy protection systems are typically unilateral and provider-centric, in that the enterprise service provider assigns the access rights, makes the access control decisions, and determines the privacy policy. There is no negotiation between the client and the service provider about which access control or privacy policy to use. The authors adopt a symmetric, more user-centric approach to privacy protection and authorization, which treats the client and service provider as peers, in which both can stipulate their requirements and capabilities, and hence negotiate terms which are equally acceptable to both parties. Findings - The authors demonstrate how the obligation of trust protocol can be used in a number of different scenarios to improve upon the mechanisms that are currently available today. Practical implications - This approach will serve to increase trust in distributed transactions since each communicating party receives a difficult to repudiate digitally signed acceptance of obligations, in a standard language (XACML), which can be automatically enforced by their respective computing machinery. Originality/value - The paper adds to current research in trust negotiation, privacy protection and authorization by combining all three together into one set of standardized protocols. Furthermore, by providing hard to repudiate signed acceptance of obligations messages, this strengthens the legal case of the injured party should a dispute arise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to present a variety of current resources associated with electroacoustic music suitable for updating academic and large public library collections. Design/methodology/approach - The approach taken in the paper is to identify resources meant to provide guidance in locating appropriate resources and to identify specific resources regarding electroacoustic collections that are grouped in several categories for ease of reading. Findings - The complexity of definition of electroacoustic music and its interdisciplinary nature has had a negative impact on availability of collection development guides for electroacoustic music. Furthermore, resource formats associated with this type of music are heavily dependent on technology and change with great frequency which makes them challenging to keep up with. Originality/value - The paper offers practical advice about updating electroacoustic music collections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose — This paper aims to provide an overview of the published literature and current use of social software by libraries primarily in the UK and USA. Design/methodology/approach — The paper's approach is a literature review and desk research. Findings — Libraries are experimenting considerably in this area and many Web 2.0 applications have been developed by libraries and librarians over the past few years. These tools offer the potential to enhance library services. Research limitations/implications — The area is one of rapid change, so the findings will date quickly. Practical implications — An overview of which technologies are being used most widely and might offer the most potential for library staff considering experimenting in this area. Originality/value of paper — Web 2.0 is an area with which many library staff need to become familiar quickly. This paper provides a useful overview of the topic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose — The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the advantages of using the UCLP software for network operators, advanced and regular end users in the research networking community. Design/methodology/approach — This paper provides an example of the deployment of UCLP in the GEANT2/National Research and Education Networks (NRENs) scenario, and compares how network operators, advanced users and regular end users would do their work, with and without UCLP. Findings — The paper provides high-level technical information about UCLP as well as depicting the drivers for its use in the European research networking community. Research limitations/implications — This paper does not explain the details of the deployment of the software in the GEANT2/National Research and Education Networks (NRENs) scenario, it just explains the benefits that the deployment of the software would provide, lithe deployment was to be done today, some improvements to UCLP should be done, as well as support for more equipment vendors should be added. Practical implications — UCLP could provide more flexibility to the e-science community if it was deployed over the European research networking infrastructure, because it would isolate network users from each other while providing them an unprecedented degree of control over the network. Originality/value — Nowadays, several control/management solutions for networks exist, but none that is capable of partitioning a physical network into slices and handoff its management to the users, like UCLP does. This is the first UCLP paper that studies a hypothetical deployment of UCLP in the European research networking scenario, and evaluates the drivers and implications of such a deployment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to describe the Images for All digitisation project at the Royal Scottish Geographical Society, and lessons learned from it. Design/methodology/approach- This paper describes the background to the project and collections held. It focuses on the development of the project web site, the digitisation of 100 images from the collection and the nature of project management in a small-seale project. Findings- There are many potential challenges faced by project managers working in small voluntary organisations, but these can be overcome. Originality/value - This paper gives a direct insight into some of the challenges facing smaller organisations with limited full-time staff and so reliant on volunteers, which are often overlooked. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]