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Retrograde pedal access has been utilized with increasing frequency in patients who failed conventional femoral approach. We report on patient outcomes with retrograde pedal access for lower extremity arterial recanalization and compare primary pedal access versus secondary pedal access after a failed femoral approach. Retrograde pedal access is an effective technique in patients with unsuccessful femoral approach and can be a primary approach in patients with advanced arterial disease. [Extracted from the article]

The kinetics of the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO by NH3 in the presence of O2 has been studied on a 5.5% Cu-faujasite (Cu-FAU) catalyst. Cu-FAU was composed of cationic and oxocationic Cu species. The SCR was studied in a gas phase-flowing reactor operating at atmospheric pressure. The reaction conditions explored were: 458 K, 250 (ppm) < 3000, 1000 (ppm) < 4000, 1 (%) < 4. The kinetic orders were 0.8–1 with respect to NO, 0.5–1 with respect to O2, and essentially 0 with respect to NH3. Based on these kinetic partial orders of reactions and elementary chemistry, a wide variety of mechanisms were explored, and different rate laws were derived. The best fit between the measured and calculated rates for the SCR of NO by NH3 was obtained with a rate law derived from a redox Mars and van Krevelen mechanism. The catalytic cycle is described by a sequence of three reactions: (i) CuI is oxidized by O2 to “CuII-oxo”, (ii) “CuII-oxo” reacts with NO to yield “CuII-NxOy”, and (iii) finally “CuII-NxOy” is reduced by NH3 to give N2, H2O, and the regeneration of CuI (closing of the catalytic cycle). The rate constants of the three steps have been determined at 458, 483, and 513 K. It is shown that CuI or “CuII-oxo” species constitute the rate-determining active center. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Abatement processes for the reduction of N2O emissions from acid nitric plants can be implemented in different positions. Among the different possibilities, a catalytic process set up between the ammonia converter and the absorber could be a practicable solution. In those running conditions, at high temperature, in the presence of NO, O2 and water, the catalytic decomposition of N2O (in the absence of a reducing agent) can take place. However, catalysts usually suffer from a strong deactivation owing to the occurrence of thermal sintering which significantly lowers their specific surface area. Catalytic testing performed at laboratory scale showed that zirconia based catalysts stabilised by yttrium incorporation could be of potential interest. However, the mode of yttrium incorporation seems to be a key factor. According to the preparation procedure, surface yttrium enrichment may occur and then strongly inhibit the catalytic decomposition of N2O. Co-precipitation methods can be profitably used for the preparation of modified-ZrO2 catalysts in order to obtain yttrium homogeneously distributed in the bulk material. According to this preparation method, a synergy effect on the catalytic activity and also on the stability has been observed on ZrO2 containing low amount of yttrium whereas an inhibiting effect prevails on highly loaded yttrium based catalysts irrespective of the mode of yttrium incorporation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]