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Copyright of Canadian Geotechnical Journal is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Since the beginning of the 1990s, many researchers and several organizations concerned with development- and environment-related issues have devised methods to evaluate sustainable development at national and international scales. To that effect, they have identified sustainable development indicators. To date, however, very little work has focused on industrial activities. This paper presents a semi-quantitative method allowing evaluation of the environmental aspect to sustainable development, with an application on the environmental performance of the effluent treatment procedure of a paper mill. Eight environmental indicators for sustainable development are considered for evaluation. These indicators are linked to the strategic requirements for sustainable development as stated in the Bruntdland Commission. They are also acknowledged by many authors and organizations. The environmental performance evaluation on the effluent treatment procedure of the paper mill under study shows that this activity meets a relative degree of sustainability. This evaluation allows the identification of the strengths and weaknesses of the effluent treatment with respect to sustainable development.Key words: indicators, sustainable development, measure, environmental performance, biologic treatment, effluents, paper mills.[Journal translation]Depuis le début des années 1990, plusieurs chercheurs et différents organismes préoccupés par les questions de développement et d'environnement mettent au point des méthodes pour évaluer le développement durable à l'échelle nationale ou internationale. Pour ce faire, ils ont identifié des indicateurs de développement durable. Cependant, très peu de travaux se sont concentrés à date sur les activités industrielles. Cet article présente une méthode semi-quantitative permettant l'évaluation du volet environnemental du développement durable avec application à la performance environnementale de la filière de traitement des effluents d'une papetière. Huit indicateurs environnementaux de développement durable sont retenus pour les fins de l'évaluation. Ces indicateurs sont rattachés aux impératifs stratégiques de développement durable énoncés par la Commission Bruntdland. Ils sont aussi reconnus par plusieurs auteurs et organismes. L'évaluation de la performance environnementale de la filière de traitement des effluents de la papetière étudiée montre que cette activité rencontre un degré relatif de soutenabilité. L'évaluation permet d'identifier les forces et les lacunes que comporte la filière de traitement des effluents en regard du développement durable.Mots clés : indicateurs, développement durable, mesure, performance environnementale, traitement biologique, effluents, papetières. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper describes load and resistance factor design (LRFD) calibration for the resistance factor used in the Stiffness Method internal stability soil failure limit state for geogrid mechanically stabilized earth (MSE) walls. The Stiffness Method was recently adopted in the current American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials LRFD Bridge Design Specifications in the US, and will appear in the next edition of the Canadian Highway Bridge Design Code. The paper describes the details of the calibration of the soil failure limit state which is unique to the Stiffness Method. Calibration outcomes include consideration of the concept of level of understanding in the selection of nominal load and resistance values which is unique to LRFD foundation engineering practice in Canada. A practical conclusion from these calculations is that if product line-specific creep test data are available to estimate the reinforcement secant creep stiffness used for design, then a resistance factor of 1.0 is reasonable for US practice. If only minimum average roll value tensile strength data are available, then a value of 0.95 is recommended for US practice. For Canadian practice, the corresponding values for typical level of understanding are 0.90 and 0.85, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article announces that the GAC–CSP Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences Best Paper Award for 2016 has been presented to Richard A. Glen and colleagues for their study related to different styles of non-collisional orogens and implications for crustal growth.

A list of the papers appearing in the March issue of the journal is presented which includes topics including "Modern Zethrene Chemistry," "Rotational Barriers in Five Related Amides," and "Synthesis and Photophysical Properties of Expanded Dehydrobenzoannulene Macrotricycles."

There are only limited theoretical results published on the transition properties of the X1Σ+, A1Π, B1Σ+, C1Δ, D1Σ−, E1Δ, a3Π, b3Σ+, and c3Δ states of BeS, and even some of the states have no theoretical and experimental reports on the relevant aspects of these transitions. Therefore, we derived these transition properties in this study. The potential energy curves of X1Σ+, A1Π, B1Σ+, C1Δ, D1Σ−, E1Δ, a3Π, b3Σ+, c3Δ, d3Σ−, and e3Σ− states of the BeS molecule with their Ω states and the transition dipole moments between them were calculated by the complete active space self-consistent field method, followed by the internally contracted multireference configuration interaction method. For the accurate computation of the transition properties, scalar relativistic corrections and core–valence correlation were considered. The radiative lifetimes were approximately 10−6 s for the A1Π and b3Σ+ states, 10−7 s for the E1Δ state, 10−7–10−8 s for the C1Δ and D1Σ− states, and 10−8 s for the B1Σ+, c3Δ, and e3Σ− states. The transition properties of the seven Ω states generated by the X1Σ+, A1Π, B1Σ+, and a3Π electronic states, including several electric dipole-forbidden transitions were researched. In particular, the B1Σ+0+–X1Σ+0+, B1Σ+0+–A1Π1, and A1Π1–X1Σ+0+ systems have strong transitions. In this paper, the radiative lifetimes of A1Π1, B1Σ+0+, a3Π0−, a3Π0+, and a3Π1 electronic states were also computed. For the A1Π1, B1Σ+0+, and a3Π1 states, the distribution of the radiation lifetime with the rotational angular momentum quantum number J at 0 ≤ υ ≤ 15 and J ≤ 70 was evaluated. It is expected that the outcome of the calculations in this paper can contribute some meaningful guidelines for conducting further theoretical and experimental investigations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The accurate quantification of the temporal changes in seabed strength allows for more reliable and less conservative geotechnical design. A recently developed effective stress framework, established within a one-dimensional computational domain to quantify changes in soil strength due to pore pressure generation and dissipation, has been extended to a two-dimensional (2D) computational domain to allow for consideration of boundary value problems that are too complex to be simplified to one-dimensional conditions. The work to implement the 2D framework is reported across two companion papers. The first of the two papers utilises large deformation finite element analyses to quantify the spatial distribution of accumulated plastic shear strain. These distributions are encapsulated within a strain influence function that is used within the new 2D framework in this paper to calculate the extent and magnitude of excess pore pressure, and in turn the mobilised soil strength for a number of boundary value problems that represent typical offshore geotechnical processes. The merit of the new 2D framework is explored via retrospective simulations of existing experimental and numerical data. The resulting comparisons demonstrate the potential of the new framework, which is in quantifying the reliability of a range of geotechnical structures under complex loading conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The undrained shear strength of contractive fine-grained soils changes with time, reducing due to pore pressure generation and increasing during consolidation. There is an increasing appetite to recognise these temporal soil strength changes in offshore geotechnical design, as it provides a basis for potentially less conservative designs. Contributions to this endeavour are reported across two companion papers. This first paper extends an existing effective stress framework that relates the generation of pore pressure to accumulated plastic shear strain, allowing undrained shear strength to be calculated within the context of critical-state soil mechanics. The main development is the extension of the computational domain to two dimensions, allowing calculations to be made for boundary value problems that cannot be satisfactorily simplified to one-dimensional conditions. The magnitude and distribution of accumulated shear strain surrounding objects buried in soil are quantified through a series of large deformation finite element analyses. These spatial distributions are described using a strain influence function in the new 2D framework to calculate the extent and magnitude of excess pore pressure, and in turn the mobilised soil strength around the buried object. The performance of the 2D framework is examined in the companion paper through retrospective simulations of experimental and numerical data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents results of a research project completed to compare the ice-melting capabilities of environmentally friendly alternative deicers with average road salt. Tests were conducted in an environmental chamber where temperatures could be controlled to a certain degree to ensure that the test specimens were in the ideal condition for the most accurate results. There were 168 samples tested and their results were recorded and interpreted throughout this paper. The outcome of this research is based on the amount of brine solution produced during the melting tests, and the depth of ice penetrated for the penetration test. The data showed that all alternative deicers competed evenly or in some cases slightly outperformed rock salt. The results show that there is no clear preference that can be given to the materials; the preference could only be given based on factors not related to ice melting and penetration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The global emphasis on reducing greenhouse gas emissions means that engineers and architects are increasingly required to account for embodied carbon in their designs. However, there is a lack of knowledge and tools in the structural engineering community to enable calculation of embodied carbon for reinforced concrete structures. This paper aims to address this concern by providing a review of the most up-to-date approaches for calculating embodied carbon as well as the important factors that engineers should consider during the design phase to reduce embodied carbon. Environmental product declarations for concrete in four Canadian provinces will also be compared to illustrate the variability in the embodied carbon and the factors that influence this variability. Finally, the paper will present a case-study on the design of a reinforced concrete beam to demonstrate how to calculate embodied carbon and to illustrate how changes in design can influence the total embodied carbon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the possibilities and challenges of using mass timber as a sustainable alternative for retrofitting existing buildings in Canada. To create the knowledge foundation on which to devise a holistic framework tailored to the specific characteristics of Canada's built environment, a detailed analysis of the types, geographical distribution, structural, and energy features of the local building stock is first presented. Then, previous strategies for enhancing and upgrading existing buildings with engineered timber are reviewed, classified, and evaluated. Finally, to explore economic and environmental implications, a detailed assessment of available life-cycle cost–benefit analysis approaches is conducted alongside their adaptation to Canada's building context. The findings of this paper can inform policymakers, builders, and designers in developing more sustainable building retrofit practices, design, and regulations, in line with Canada's efforts toward net zero emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article announces the selection of "Chronostratigraphy of the Hottah Terrane and Great Bear Magmatic Zone of Wopmay Orogen, Canada and Exploration of a Terrane Translation Model" by Luke Ootes et al. as the winner of the 2015 "Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences" Best Paper Award.

Syncrude Canada Ltd.'s Base Mine Lake (BML), the first commercial-scale demonstration of an oil sands pit lake, was commissioned in December 2012, following in-pit deposition of fine tailings (FT) between 1995 and 2012. The geotechnical design basis for the FT in BML is that it will consolidate and densify over time, contributing to fines sequestration below the water cap. This paper presents the geotechnical performance of the FT in BML within the context of this geotechnical design basis. The FT has settled from 196.0 to 171.6 Mm3 by 2019, with cumulative settlement varying spatially between 0.3 and 6.7 m. FT settlement is consistent with the expected self-weight consolidation as modeled by finite-strain non-linear consolidation theory, and is reflected as temporal increase in the profiles of solids content and effective stress. Sonar surveying, profile sampling, shear strength, and underwater photography show that the transition of geotechnical properties at the mudline becomes increasingly distinct over time. These observations support the geotechnical design basis for BML and indicate the fines continue to be sequestered below the water cap. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article lists research papers that will publish in the September 2013 issue of the periodical on topics related to hydrogen transfer reactions in viscous media, basis set effects in simple compounds of heavy rare gases, and the anticancer drug Tamoxifen modified to avoid CYP2D6 polymorphism.

The article lists the papers that were included in the November 2012 and the January 2013 issues of the periodical.

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstracts are presented for articles and research reports on geotechnical engineering topics such as buried pipelines, sand soil, and geosynthetic clay liner (GCI).

The article reports that the study "The effect of quasiparticle self-energy on Cd2Re2O7 superconductor," by F.S. Razavi, Y. Rohanizadegan, M. Hajialamdari, M. Reedyk, R.K. Kremer, and B. Mitrovic, has been selected for the Best Paper Award 2015 by the journal.

The article presents abstracts of technical papers on plant science presented at the 8th Canadian Pulse Research Workshop in Calgary, Alberta which include the effect of the consumption of a pulse-based diet on cardiovascular disease risk factors in older adults, the production of soybean in southern Alberta and the use of physiological and molecular approaches in improving chickpea productivity under drought.

An introduction is presented in which reports in the issue are discussed on topics including semiconductors, thin films and sensors.

In this paper, we extend Shaposhnikov et al.'s parity violating the Einstein–Cartan–Holst action by adding to Holst term H, a Proca photon–torsion coupling χpt = 10−24 as computed by De Sabbata, Garcia de Andrade, and Sivaram. The strength of Holst term is obtained, in the case of early universe torsion as, T ∼ 1 MeV. The gravity part is the Planck mass product with the Holst term. The photon mass in this case yields m2γH ∼ 10−69 GeV4. Therefore, in this case, the photon interacts very weakly with spin-torsion matter in Einstein–Cartan (EC) gravity and the strength of the Maxwell–Proca–Holst interaction is much weaker than in the pure gravity sector. For dark photons, this situation changes drastically since a dark photon mass reaches 1.5 GeV, and from this mass and T = 10−3 GeV, one obtains a Maxwell–Proca–Holst strength of 10−6 GeV4, which is now comparable with the gravity sector. Dynamo mechanism competes with the chirality and dissipation by the handness of the magnetic field with respect to the torsion trace vector to regenerate the magnetic field decay. Bombacigno and Mantovani recently found a sign of the Immirzi parameter in the Holst–Nieh–Yan extension of EC gravity. Here, we also find torsion waves for the Immirzi inverse parameter in the sense that this divergence of torsion trace is porportional to the Immirzi field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article announces the best paper award in the "Canadian Journal of Physics" for 2014 that was given to the article "A review of imaging methods in analysis of works of art: Thermographic imaging method in art analysis" by D. Gavrilov et al.

The article announces that the research paper titled "Genesis of dispersal plumes in till" published in the "Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences" is the winner of the "Best Paper Award 2013" given by Canadian Science Publishing (CSP) and the Geological Association of Canada.

Presents a response to a discussion of the study "Diffusion of Oxygen Through a Pulp and Paper Residue Barrier." Importance of adapting the laboratory procedures to account for the large oxygen (O[sub2]) consumption potential of the deinking residues; Difficulty of monitoring O[sub2] in the source and in the collecting reservoirs; Migration of O[sub2] through a partially saturated soil layer under a concentration gradient.

The article presents lists of papers published in the August 2013 and September 2013 issue which include papers on topics such as genome size diversity in sponges, distribution of transposable element the genome of the domestic cow Bos taurus, and genome size diversity patterns in bats.

The article announces the awarding of the journal's R. M. Quigley Award to scholar P. K. Robertson, as well as honourable mentions for the award to scholars including Louis Le Pen, David Milne, and C. W. W. Ng.

Effective winter road maintenance relies on precise road friction estimation. Machine learning (ML) models have shown significant promise in this; however, their inherent complexity makes understanding their inner workings challenging. This paper addresses this issue by conducting a comparative analysis of road friction estimation models using four ML methods, including regression tree, random forest, eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), and support vector regression (SVR). We then employ the SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) explainable artificial intelligence (AI) to enhance model interpretability. Our analysis on an Alberta dataset reveals that the XGBoost model performs best with an accuracy of 91.39%. The SHAP analysis illustrates the logical relationships between predictor features and friction within all three tree-based models, but it also uncovers inconsistencies within the SVR model, potentially attributed to insufficient feature interactions. Thus, this paper not only showcase the role of explainable AI in improving the ML interpretability of models for road friction estimation, but also provides practical insights that could improve winter road maintenance decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Cambrian pre-salt dolomite sequence in the Tarim Basin is a target zone of great strategic significance for hydrocarbon exploration in the basin. Using the results of the interpretation of 3D seismic data from Lunnan and 2D seismic data covering the whole basin, and based on a synthesis of outcrop data, drilling data, well logs, core data, and thin-section data, and the findings from previous studies, this paper studies the characteristics of the facies of the Middle–Lower Cambrian in the platform area in the Tarim Basin, the formation and evolution of platform margins, and the sedimentary characteristics, lithofacies, and paleogeographic characteristics of the Middle–Lower Cambrian series. Based on the types of lithofacies and the seismic facies analysis, the sedimentary facies of the Middle–Lower Cambrian strata can be classified into the five types. From bottom to top, the Middle–Lower Cambrian have experienced several development stages, including the deposition of continental shelf sediments of the Yuertusi Formation, gently sloping non-rimmed platform margin sediments of the Xiaoerbulake Formation, weakly rimmed platform margin sediments of the Wusongger and Shayilike formations, and strongly rimmed platform margin sediments of the Awatage Formation. In each stage, the platform margin shifted further east relative to its location in the previous stage. Based on these results and previous studies, the lithofacies and paleogeography maps of the Middle–Lower Cambrian in the Tarim Basin are modified, and the implications for hydrocarbon exploration in this area are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper develops an analytical model based on the force equilibrium for the design of steep slope geosynthetic liner systems to overcome downdrag loads from waste settlement. This analytical model calculates the required tensile stiffness for a high strength/stiffness geotextile (HS-GTX) reinforcement over the GMB to limit the maximum HS-GTX tensile strain to 5% and the maximum GMB strain to 4% on the side slope. The numerical model illustrates the need for reducing the GMB tensile strains for a single GMB liner on a steep landfill slope and confirms that the use of a HS-GTX over the GMB is able to limit the maximum HS-GTX and GMB tensile strains to the acceptable strain levels. The analytical model developed in this paper is a practical tool for preliminary design to limit tensile strains of the HS-GTX and GMB in a steep slope geosynthetic liner system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Moisture-induced damage has been known as a major premature distresses in asphalt pavement. Numerous review papers have been made to provide the progression in study on moisture damage of asphalt pavement. However, mechanical properties of asphalt mixtures used as a parameter for moisture susceptibility evaluation were not reviewed in detail. To make the review of moisture-induced damage in asphalt pavement more comprehensive, this paper reviews research studies on moisture damage of asphalt pavement in view of mechanical properties as a parameter during the past 50 years. These parameters include tensile strength ratio (TSR), cohesion ratio (CR), dynamic modulus ratio (DMR), resilient modulus ratio (RMR), and shear strength ratio (SSR). TSR and CR are only relevant at bottom of asphalt concrete (AC), while SSR can be used to describe moisture damage at different AC depths. DMR and RMR are concentrated on the impact of moisture damage via performance characteristics of asphalt mixtures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A list of the articles published in the July issue of the periodical on topics including Kinetics of gene expression in bacteria, sampling in quantum Monte Carlo methods, and Density functional theory study of allopurinol is presented.

An introduction is presented in which the editors discuss various reports within the issue on topics including gas-phase ions to conjugation and aromaticity, catalysis, enzyme mechanisms and kinetics, bioorganic chemistry, supramolecular chemistry, photochemistry, free radicals and theory.

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Physics is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article lists the papers for the October 2014 issue of the journal about the density functional theory for N-heterocyclic carbene iron complexes, the deposistion of organic-inorganic hybrid coatings and the Frankland reaction of dimethylzinc compounds with nitric oxide.

The article announces that researchers A.D. May, W.-K. Liu, F.R.W. McCourt and their colleagues have received the 2013 Best Paper Award from the "Canadian Journal of Physics."

The article lists the research papers related to genetics, published in the August 2013 and September 2013 issue of the journal.

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Physics is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article announces that author M.E. McMechan has received the Best Paper Award for his research paper on geoscience.

Introduces a series of articles regarding the impact of the mass extinction of rare and exotic species on global environment and evolution, published in the 1999 issue "Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences."

In this paper, a review of Indigenous engagement in renewable energy projects is conducted and the main elements of energy partnerships between stakeholders and Indigenous partners are discussed. In recent years, Canada has witnessed more significant Indigenous involvement in economic and energy development projects than ever before. For large-scale energy partnerships, the focus is on engagement, financial capital, community buy-in (readiness, and entrepreneurial and business skills), and benefits-sharing with community partners. Equity-ownership, reconciliation, and self-determination intersect with and impact the benefits and sustainability of energy projects, as they are interrelated in the framework of most energy partnerships. This paper illustrates policy disconnects in connection with partnership-making, social outcomes, and decision-making among Indigenous communities. Furthermore, findings from relevant literature explore the nuanced discourse on social implications and capacity challenges that interlink with climate adaptation and reconciliation when promoting large-scale renewable energy partnerships with Indigenous communities. Through a systematic review and a meta-analysis of the literature, we found 80 relevant studies during the screening process, of which 33 were selected for the synthesis. Findings demonstrate that the Crown, energy companies, and community partners need to coordinate and collaborate closely to achieve energy security and sustainable renewable energy. The review suggests that Indigenous engagement in energy partnerships supports positive outcomes for social development and environmental protection among Indigenous communities. The literature suggests that when government and industry mentor in the project implementation process, important positive impacts on energy transitions, and self-sufficiency can be realized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soil shear strength is a fundamental property in analyzing the stability of soil masses in many geotechnical applications, such as slope stability, foundations, and retaining structures. Routinely application considers water as the interstitial fluid composing the soil, however, in some instance other liquids than water can infiltrate the ground due to accidental leakages of fuel and chemical substances. This paper evaluates the influence of fluids of different nature (water, ethanol, and diesel) on the shear strength of compacted specimens of clayey soil, both under saturated and unsaturated conditions. Test results show that the shear strength increases with suction and decreases with the dielectric constant for all the tested liquids. Based on simplified experimental procedures, two coupled models are proposed to reproduce the influence of soil suction and fluid dielectric constant on the soil shear strength and soil liquid retention curve, fairly reproducing experimental results, thus contributing to push unsaturated soil mechanics to geotechnical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Physics is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)