Search

Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the differences related to work values and attitudes toward the technology of Generation Z in Brazil and Germany. Method: The proposed hypotheses were tested in a survey of 122 Brazilian and German participants. The data were analyzed using t-test and logistic regression models. Main Results: The results present differences between Brazilian and German Generation Z, challenging the literature that analyzes Generation Z as a global generation and reinforcing cultural differences between nationalities. The Brazilian sample presents more instrumental and prestige work values and is more positive and less negative regarding technology than the German sample. Relevance/Originality: The paper’s contribution provides evidence of Generation Z’s differences according to nationalities relevant to shaping their relationship with work and technology. The analysis of both constructs is interesting nowadays because of their interrelationship and the current changes in global work boundaries. Theoretical/Methodological Contributions: The literature predominantly presents that Generation Z is a global generation. Comparing participants from two countries with different levels of development provides an insight into their differences regarding work values and attitudes, which can be valuable for business management literature. Practical/Social Contributions: Recommendations for businesses are provided to improve attraction and retention strategies to tackle the shortage of skilled workers. This implies management strategies for firms with multicultural teams. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To explore whether there is any causal combination of marketing conditions affecting the growth stage of social entrepreneurship proposals in two emerging countries: Brazil and Mexico. Method: An exploratory type of research was developed, applying a comparative qualitative configurational analysis with 18 case studies or study units, nine from each country, to discover the combination of key conditions of marketing variables associated with the growth stage of the ventures studied. Main Results: In Mexico, growth occurs with the presence of a distribution channel, approach to multiple target markets, hybrid mission, and penetration pricing strategy. In Brazil, on the other hand, growth is explained by penetration pricing, variety of products and services, multiple distribution channels, and loyalty programs. Relevance: This work is relevant for its contribution to the understanding of the role of marketing variables in the survival and extension of the growth phase of social enterprises. Theoretical/Methodological Contributions: The paper contributes to the advancement of knowledge of marketing capabilities in growth-stage social enterprises in emerging countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The objective of this article was to analyze the scientific production in brazilian journals in born globals. Method: A bibliometric analysis of the entire scientific production in Brazil up to October 2019 was carried out in journals ranked with Qualis A1 to B3 and papers published in the ANPAD Conference (ENANPAD) Main results: On this field of research, there is a predominance of articles discussing the internationalization process of born globals and the evolution of the concept of internationalization. The largest amount of papers published on the theme are from institutions from the south and southeast of Brazil. Relevance/originality: An analysis of the brazilian scientific production on born globals is useful for researchers in their future studies about internationalization. Theoretical/methodological contributions: This paper contributes to the theoretical evolution of the theme, presenting the development of the research in born globals in Brazil over the years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose - The objective of this research was to statistically compare employee's use of sources of guidance (SOGs) at work in the United States and Brazil and discuss results in the light of differences concerning national cultural characteristics. Method - 220 employees from a Brazilian university and 166 employees from an American university filled out a paper-and-pencil questionnaire. Pearson correlation tests (r) and Student t-tests were run to investigate statistically significant differences between the two samples, which were discussed in the light of national cultural characteristics. Main results - Americans presented significantly higher means than Brazilians on Informal Rules and People Outside Organization, and Brazilians presented significantly higher mean than Americans on Formal Rules and Procedures. The discussion showed that some of these differences are compatible with national cultural characteristics. Relevance/Originality - Recognizing the importance and the role of national cultures on individuals' attitudes and behavior within the organizational environment is fundamental in the search for effective and contextualized management practices. Theoretical/methodological contributions - Up until 2020, only 12 theoreticalempirical studies about SOGs were developed. Hence, the present study theoretically and empirically contributes to knowledge about this very important work-related construct. Social/management contributions - The results suggest to managers, human resource professionals, and psychologists important differences in the attitudes of American and Brazilian employees concerning the use of sources of guidance at work, contributing, for instance, to recruitment and selection processes in multinationals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the strength of the academic foundations in building Brazil's country image. Over the past two decades we can observe a rapid development of country image research. From the literature, several conceptual frameworks are aligned to specific topics, for instance, country-oforigin, country brand models, among others. Specifically, focusing on Brazil's image research, this paper provides a systematic review of international articles published between 2001 and 2015. Additionally, most studies have examined Brazil's image from a 'tourism' perspective, followed by 'exports' mostly using quantitative methods. Therefore, this paper concludes that there is great potential for research about Brazil's image, providing an exciting opportunity to advance our knowledge on a wide-range of industries. By suggesting this, researchers could carry out further research regarding potential theoretical and methodological approaches aligned to several international markets. Furthermore, the outcomes can orientate new research alignments linked to Brazil's image and grounded in the context of the recent crises (e.g., economic, political, social and ethical). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of this paper is to verify the effects of triggering stimuli on internationalization and whether, according to the target population, ambidexterity and mental models (MM) increase the predisposition to exports, as well as whether the country of origin causes differences in terms of cognition. Method: Data collection consisted of applying a questionnaire to a sample of 285 students from Business Administration programs in Brazil and Spain. ANOVA Welsh was used to verify the heterogeneity of variations, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Shapiro-Wilk tests were used to assess normality, and nonparametric Kruskal- Wallis tests were used to verify the results of the previous tests. Main outcomes: The results showed that the strategic MM facilitates internationalization. In the sample studied, it was possible to verify that Brazilians show an operational tendency, with decisions based on logic and an improvised lifestyle, which denotes lower possibility of engaging in internationalization. This differs from what was found in the Spanish sample, which showed tendency to a strategic approach, denoting greater possibility of engagement in an internationalization process. These results may also be used to improve internationalization stimulus programs, considering cognitive aspects. Relevance: There is a low number of references relating the subject of ambidexterity to the internationalization process. This study is relevant for proposing the creation of indexes to obtain data on the MM and ambidexterity regarding the identification of personal motivation factors influencing the entrepreneur's insertion in international markets. Theoretical/methodological contributions: Proposition of a formula for standardizing and rescaling the instruments' value, as the differences between scales may contribute to the inclusion of a hidden dimension of the internationalization process: the analysis of cognition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It has been possible to apprehend a significant contribution of entrepreneurs to economy, given its ability to create jobs, provide new products, as well as establish networks of small businesses, both national and international. This can be verified in the importance given to these entrepreneurship studies in a global level. In this sense, the study of entrepreneurial behavior has been gaining attention as it has been increasing interest in entrepreneurship, reflected on the increasing number of publications on the subject. In this direction, the paper aims to develop a bibliometric study considering the articles published in EnANPAD about entrepreneurial behavior in the period from 2004 to 2008, and identify the influence of international publications in national studies on the subject. The paper seeks to review the issue in order to present a theoretical map of the paths which Brazilian researchers have followed in the search for understanding the topic, and identify a possible influence of international publications on the national production on the subject. As a theoretical mark can be highlighted Dornelas (2001), Gimenez et al. (2008); Schumpeter (1982), McClelland (1972) and Filion (1999). The results suggest a predominance of the approach on the subject from the behavioral characteristics of the entrepreneur, the majority of authors are from institutions located in the south and southeastern of Brazil, and the methodology which was most used by these authors, in the development of the work, was theoretical-empirical. Also significant was the confirmation of the influence of international bibliographic productions, since the main authors (except for Fernando Dolabela) and most of the references considered by Brazilian researchers, aware of international authors, being on an average 59.0% of the references used in the articles were international. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper models the outward foreign direct investment from Brazil series using time a series econometrics model, namely the Vector Auto Regressive (VAR) model. We have drawn impulse response functions for the key relevant factors that may explain the outward foreign direct investment flows. We start with a review of the literature on the Dunning location approach to international business. We worked with a data set of quarterly observations from Q1-1995 to Q1-2010. We carried also out Granger causality tests as for determining whether international business travelling should be included as an explanatory variable in our model. Results stressed that although the strong exchange rate in Brazil is often blamed for forcing companies to invest abroad, the evidence found in the aggregate data suggests that there is not a significant relationship between the level of foreign exchange rate and the outward Brazilian foreign direct investment. Differently from previous studies, this paper uses impulse response functions to present dynamic results, thus avoiding the typical binary results "affect" or "don't affect", and in so doing we provide a more detailed insight into this important location factor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to compare the entry and operations strategies of franchisors of developed countries into foreign countries with Brazilian counterparts. Were there significant differences? An exploratory study was conducted with 16 international franchisors operating in Brazil and 31 Brazilian franchisors operating abroad. The results show that international franchisors operating abroad prefer to use a subsidiary in the destination country. At the same time, this strategy is little used by Brazilian franchisors, which prefer the strategy of direct franchises. For data collection, 47 directors or managers of the international expansion of Brazilian companies and the expansion directors of the international companies which operates in Brazil were interviewed. Although more expensive, the subsidiary in the target country offers greater control over the expansion of business reducing the problems caused by the distance of the country of origin. For the management of franchisors, this paper points out that the subsidiary is a natural evolution of entry and operation mode when it is desired or it is needed to control the expansion of networks in other countries. Thus, managers of franchisors in emerging countries should carefully examine the subsidiary option in the target country when their company considers accelerating international growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The neo-institutional theory has been used to explain inter-organizational networks related phenomena from the economic and sociological perspectives. The political perspective has not been often used to study institutional contexts of networks. We aim to analyze the decision-making of the formal institutions in the internationalization process of firms in an emerging economy from a political bias. For the empirical field of study, we considered the Brazilian wine industry. Starting from a case study with twentythree interviews with representatives of wineries and entities of this industry, our paper furthers the understanding of how institutions influence the internationalization of firms in an emerging economy. Based on the political perspective of the neo-institutional theory, our study describes how institutions, mainly the government, can influence an industry. Government cannot afford resources to benefit or protect all the industries, as well as cannot provide incentives to all firms and those that are supported will lose competitiveness. For the firms, the choices are based on trying to achieve economic advantages through political influences. For the institutions, the choices are based on political influences considering institutional strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The traditional theory of expansion modes argue that local experience would bring Multinationals (MNEs) more knowledge of the particularities of the local market, mitigating subsequent same local expansion risk and will choose greenfield and whollyowned subsidiary. However, local complementary inputs become relevant in this expansion decision, when local complementary assets are not always available and freely negotiated (Hennart, 2009). This paper analyzes the sequential expansion decision made by 10 major and large experienced US multinationals in Brazil between 2004 and 2013, identifying the possible motives for this decision considering MNEs expansion theories and Brazilian inter-regions differences. We found evidence that supports Hennart Bundling Model: i) the experience of multinationals in Brazil not always increases multinational's commitment in the host countries by establishment of new wholly-owned subsidiaries; ii) US MNEs make acquisitions when they need to enter in a new region with significant difference of local economic development from where MNE already operated; iii) also, Brazilian regional factors such as concentration, growth and industrie's intrinsic features are determinants of acquisitions and joint ventures choices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main purpose of this study was to explore the knowledge transfer process between the subsidiaries and the headquarter of Brazilian multinationals, and to identify the most used mechanisms for transferring knowledge. This paper also aims to point out existing barriers in this process, comparing acquired subsidiaries to the greenfield ones. International studies have shown differences in the process of knowledge transfer due to the origin of foreign units (entry mode). We surveyed in 2006 and 2007 a sample of 66 Brazilian subsidiaries of multinationals with overseas activities. As a result, the knowledge transfer from the headquarter to the subsidiary has occurred through meetings with top executives and the reception of Brazilian executives in both types of units. The barriers to knowledge transfer are bland, being clearer in acquired subsidiaries. Cultural resistance is the most prominent. When we focus on the acquired units, the hierarchical structure is seen as a barrier, probably reflecting the centralized attitude by the headquarters. At the same time, the lack of incentives for sharing knowledge is more evident in greenfield units. Also, the syndrome of not invented here is a perceived barrier by acquired units. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brazilian companies belonging to different lines of business activity have been seeking the foreign market intensely from different ways of admission, from the simplest tone (indirect export) to the most complex one (development of productive unit). Therefore, this paper intends to answer the questions: in which way these important strategic decisions have been taken? Are they founded on methods described in the theory of decision or are they supported only by the entrepreneur's feeling and vision? For this reason, it has been necessary to know first the themes deciding process and internationalization. Firstly the theories discussed among the academic community related to the subject internationalization and also the researchers' contributions to theme decision have been studied. Afterwards the deciding process of two companies related to the metallurgical and steel industries, whose products are known in several countries, has been analyzed. To research the deciding process pointing at the international area may redound in a set of useful information to guide the companies interested in this specific type of decision - making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A large body of literature describes the internationalization process of diverse firms worldwide; however it is imperative to understand how firms from emerging countries behave when they decide to internationalize. This paper provides a comprehension of the main factors that increase the probability of success of the internationalization process of Information Technology - IT firms in Brazil according to three internationalization theories OLI, RBV and Networks. Ivia's case was selected and in-depth interviews were held with the three key Ivia executives. This research used the Analytic Hierarchy Process - AHP in order to evaluate the relative importance of factors and sub-factors proposed by the theories considered. The results indicated that Ivia's internationalization strategy focused primarily on the formation of strong and steady partnerships with foreign IT service providers, clients, and research and development institutions in order to seize opportunities abroad. The company exploited location advantages and resources, which include the international knowledge and experience of the top managers and the capability to satisfy its clients' specific needs through the development of customized products and services. The results may be useful to executives and researchers of strategic management and to those who want to study deeper this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is based on a sample of 104 subsidiaries of multinational corporations (MNCs) operating in Brazil. It investigates the mechanisms of knowledge transfer in marketing and their relationship to the strategic positioning of the subsidiaries (i.e. global integration and local responsiveness). A positive correlation between the level of global integration and the intensity of knowledge transfer was statistically confirmed and the main mechanisms of knowledge transfer were also revealed. Some widely accepted theories about knowledge transfer in MNCs were empirically confirmed. Finally, this study provided the opportunity to develop several specific insights about knowledge transfer in marketing in the Brazilian context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]