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[Display omitted] • Superhydrophobic surface has been investigated on polyurethane coating of GFRP using femtosecond laser texturing. • The contacting models between water droplets and substrates have been demonstrated. • Hydrophobicity and anti-icing performance of laser-treated surface have been largely improved at a low temperature. • The superhydrophobic surface has exhibited excellent self-cleaning effect and stability. Polyurethane coating has been commonly used in aerospace and construction, and enhancing anti-icing capabilities in low temperatures is crucial for preventing mechanical failures and reducing energy consumption. Utilizing a superhydrophobic surface was considered an important option to improve anti-icing performance. In this study, femtosecond laser treatment has applied to polyurethane coating on glass fiber-reinforced plastic (GFRP) to transform from hydrophilic to superhydrophobic. Results have indicated that laser treatment significantly reduced the solid–liquid contact area compared to the original surface. The non-polar groups on the surface contributed greatly to the enhancement of hydrophobicity. In comparison to the original surface, the freezing temperature of droplets on the superhydrophobic surface with improved anti-icing performance was reduced from −4.5 °C to −9.2 °C, while the freezing time was extended from 65 s to 269 s. This improvement was attributed to the reduction of solid–liquid contact area, resulting in a low heat transfer rate and a low heterogeneous nucleation rate. Additionally, the laser-treated surface exhibited excellent self-cleaning effects, along with mechanical and chemical stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fiber flexible strain sensors have the characteristics of small volume, light weight, good flexibility, easy deformation/recovery, and easy weaving. They can conform to various complex surfaces and endure various deformations, such as twisting and bending. Furthermore, the simple preparation process of fiber sensors lowers the production cost significantly. These features make them promising candidates for applications in motion monitoring, human-machine interface, and flexible intelligent products. However, the low sensitivity and narrow sensing range of existing sensors are still major challenges for their further development. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a MXene/MXene:MWCNTs@TPU fiber sensor, which adopts a two-step pre-stretching strategy to modify the porous TPU fiber surface with MXene and MWCNTs. The graded porous TPU fibers obtained by wet spinning can achieve 805 % stretching, providing a reliable substrate support for the fiber sensor, the combination of multi-dimensional conductive materials and the introduction of cracks and wrinkles enhance the sensitivity 277 and sensing range 510 % of the fiber sensor. The fiber sensor can detect various human motions and gestures by directly attaching to the skin or weaving into textiles, and can also be applied to information encryption transmission, demonstrating its huge potential in human health monitoring, intelligent flexible electronic products and encrypted communication. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A comprehensive HLA gene expression profile in human skin at single-cell resolution. • The cell type-specific variation in HLA expression was revealed among skin populations. • HLA expression changed dynamically among fetal skin populations with cell type-dependent variation during development. • Immune-privileged properties of hair follicle were illustrated at the cell type-specific transcriptomic level. Skin, the largest organ of body, is a highly immunogenic tissue with a diverse collection of immune cells. Highly polymorphic human leukocyte antigen (HLA) molecules have a central role in coordinating immune responses as recognition molecules. Nevertheless, HLA gene expression patterns among diverse cell types within a specific organ, like the skin, have yet to be thoroughly investigated, with stromal cells attracting much less attention than immune cells. To illustrate HLA expression profiles across different cell types in the skin, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analyses on skin datasets, covering adult and fetal skin, and hair follicles as the skin appendages. We revealed the variation in HLA expression between different skin populations by examining normal adult skin datasets. Moreover, we evaluated the potential immunogenicity of multiple skin populations based on the expression of classical HLA class I genes, which were well represented in all cell types. Furthermore, we generated scRNA-seq data of developing skin from fetuses of 15 post conception weeks (PCW), 17 PCW, and 22 PCW, delineating the dynamic expression of HLA genes with cell type-dependent variation among various cell types during development. Notably, the pseudotime trajectory analysis unraveled the significant variance in HLA genes during the evolution of vascular endothelial cells. Moreover, we uncovered the immune-privileged properties of hair follicles at single-cell resolution. Our study presents a comprehensive single-cell transcriptomic landscape of HLA genes in the skin, which provides new insights into variation in HLA molecules and offers a clue for allogeneic skin transplantation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Rare-earth cations with smaller sizes cause more significant framework dealumination. • Framework dealumination mainly occurs in the rehydration stage after calcination. • Smaller-sized rare-earth cations are inclined to migrate into the small cages of faujasite zeolite after calcination. • The hydride transfer activity of REX zeolites exhibits a parabolic relationship with the RE3+ radius. • The stability of REX zeolites in isobutane alkylation is more influenced by the acid concentration. A series of rare-earth cation-modified X zeolites (RE3+: La3+, Ce3+, Pr3+, Nd3+, Sm3+) were synthesized and evaluated for butene/isobutane alkylation. Based on the hypothesis that small RE3+ ions could more effectively polarize the tertiary C H bond of isobutane, the alkylation performances of REX zeolite are anticipated to improve as the RE3+ radius decreases. However, our study reveals an opposite result. With the exception of Ce3+, which underwent oxidation during calcination, small RE3+ ions showed greater efficacy in facilitating framework dealumination, resulting in lower relative crystallinities, micropore structures, and acid concentrations. Consequently, the stability of REX zeolite essentially declined as the RE3+ radius decreased. Furthermore, it was observed that small RE3+ ions exhibited a preference for occupying sites within small cages. As a result, the concentration of accessible RE3+ ions reduced with decreasing RE3+ radius. In conjunction with the escalating electrostatic field of small RE3+ ions, the hydride transfer activity of REX zeolites displayed a non-linear relationship with reducing RE3+ radius, following a parabolic trend. PrX showed the highest activity in the hydride transfer reaction, as evidenced by its remarkable selectivity towards n-butane and trimethylpentanes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Ni-ReO x /CeO 2 was designed for switchable conversion of lignocellulose into aromatics and alkanes. • A strong electronic interaction and synergic effects of Ni and ReO x species in Ni-ReO x /CeO 2 was disclosed. • Direct transformation of lignocellulose avoids the pretreatment process and achieves utilization of all three components. • The catalyst can be reused by simple magnetic separation. Complete conversion of lignocellulosic biomass into chemicals and fuels is particularly attractive in biorefinery concept while remains a great challenge due to complicated structure of lignocellulose and its notorious resistance to chemical transformation. Herein, a recyclable multifunctional Ni-ReO x /CeO 2 catalyst was designed for switchable conversion of lignocellulose to either aromatics or liquid fuels by simple tuning reaction parameters. Under the condition of 200 °C, 1 MPa H 2 , lignin in woody biomass was deconstructed via lignin-first manner to produce aromatic oil with the mass yield up to 88.4 %, leaving cellulose and hemicellulose intact. Under harsher condition (260 °C, 4 MPa H 2), complete conversion of lignocellulose to alkanes was achieved in 43.8 % carbon yield. The control experiments and characterization of the catalyst revealed that ReO x species of Ni-ReO x /CeO 2 enhanced Ni dispersion, the strong electronic interaction and synergic effects of Ni and ReO x species played major roles for the flexible transformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently available PARP inhibitors are mainly used for the treatment of BRCA-mutated triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), with a narrow application range of approximately 15% of patients. Recent studies have shown that EZH2 inhibitors have an obvious effect on breast cancer xenograft models and can promote the sensitivity of ovarian cancer cells to PARP inhibitors. Here, a series of new dual-target PARP1/EZH2 inhibitors for wild-BRCA type TNBC were designed and synthesized. SAR studies helped us identify compound 12e , encoded KWLX-12e , with good inhibitory activity against PARP1 (IC 50 = 6.89 nM) and EZH2 (IC 50 = 27.34 nM). Meanwhile, KWLX-12e showed an optimal cytotoxicity against MDA-MB-231 cells (IC 50 = 2.84 μM) and BT-549 cells (IC 50 = 0.91 μM), with no toxicity on normal breast cell lines. KWLX-12e also exhibited good antitumor activity with the TGI value of 75.94%, more effective than Niraparib plus GSK126 (TGI = 57.24%). Mechanistic studies showed that KWLX-12e achieved synthetic lethality indirectly by inhibiting EZH2 to increase the sensitivity to PARP1, and induced cell death by regulating excessive autophagy. KWLX-12e is expected to be a potential candidate for the treatment of TNBC. [Display omitted] • Novel dual-target PARP1/EZH2 inhibitors were designed and synthesized. • KWLX-12e showed potential inhibitory activity on PARP1/EZH2 and had no toxicity. • KWLX-12e increased sensitivity to PARP1 by inhibiting EZH2. • KWLX-12e could significantly inhibit tumor growth and proliferation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present research on photovoltaic (PV) forecasting is devoted to the use of spatial information about PV sites to improve the accuracy of the models, but most of the models have to increase their network complexity to learn the spatial dependence. In this paper, we propose to take advantage of the known geographic location information of PV sites and embed them directly into the input information of Decoder, which makes it easier for the model to focus its attention. We refer to this process as relevance amplification. Based on this, this paper proposes Relevance Amplification based DeepFEDformer (RAD-FEDformer), where DeepFEDformer adds multiple Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) layers to FEDformer to improve the perception of deep features. The Relevance Amplification Module (RAM) is designed to receive geographic correlation information as a way to enhance its influence on the Seasonality component of the Decoder input and improve the performance of the attention mechanism in the model. Using the power generation data from PV plants distributed in 11 regions of Belgium as our case study, we evaluated the performance of RAD-FEDformer in predicting PV data at 48/96/192 time steps into the future for each plant. Compared to other Transformer family models, RAD-FEDformer achieved SOTA results by demonstrating significant R 2 improvements of 16.70%, 51.45%, and 23.50% over FEDformer, along with an average MSE reduction of 16.9%. We designed Ablation Experiments to validate and compare the performance of MLPs of different sizes based on the ETTm1 dataset and discussed the performance of RAM and its effect on the attention mechanism based on the PV dataset. The results show that our model enhances the performance of the attention mechanism in Multi-Site PV prediction scenarios, and conclude that the optimization of RAM is more effective in longer sequence predictions. • Propose a module for embedding geographic information into input data with low overhead. • Improving the FEDformer model using Multi-layer Perception. • Discuss the performance of the model on multivariate prediction task based on ETT and PV datasets. • Compare several popular Transformer family forecasting models in the case study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At present, China and some other countries and regions are adopting both electricity and carbon trading markets to optimize the resource allocation of the power industry. The aim of this research is to explain the production behaviors of fossil fuel power enterprises in these complex dual market conditions and then evaluate the market effects. On the basis of the real market rules of China and the production characteristics of these enterprises, we describe the production decision process of enterprises with different market positions (leader, follower, and taker), obtain their optimal yield, and then offer market equilibrium results (total electricity supply, clearing price, total CO 2 emissions, and carbon intensity level). Besides, we evaluate the impacts of government interventions (market condition changes) on regional market equilibrium situations by numerical simulation. Our results indicate that the direction (positive or negative) of the above impacts is determined by the level of the allocation coefficients of the carbon emission quota, and the degree of these impacts is determined by the level of fine for unit excess carbon emissions. Moreover, our research also proves that enterprise collusion behaviors aggravate market failure but lower the carbon intensity level. • Fossil fuel power enterprises in China are facing complex dual market conditions. • We describe the production decision process of enterprises with different market positions. • We offer the equilibrium results of electricity and carbon trading markets. • We evaluate the impacts of government interventions and enterprise collusion behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A mixed polysaccharide system is an important strategy to improve the performance of a single polysaccharide. Herein, quaternary polysaccharide gels were prepared by konjac glucomannan (KGM), xanthan gum (XG), κ-carrageenan (κ-CA), and agar (AR). The effects of KGM were evaluated by combining water holding capacity (WHC), rheological analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and texture profile analysis (TPA). More KGM gradually increased the springiness of the compounded gels. WHC increased and then decreased with the addition of KGM, performing best at KGM4 (KGM: κ-CA:XG:AR = 2:2:1:2). Rheological analysis showed that the compounded gels exhibited a pseudoplastic characteristic of shear thinning, KGM endowed the gel with a stronger shear thinning behavior and improved the solid-like nature of the gels at high temperatures. The thermal stability of the composite gel was improved by the participation of KGM. FTIR analysis showed that the interactions were mainly related to intermolecular hydrogen bonds and acetyl groups. The microscopic morphology of KGM4 was significantly continuous, smooth, and compact, exhibiting the best practical performance and taking the maximum advantage. • The composite gel is a four-component system consisting of konjac glucomannan, κ-carrageenan, xanthan gum and agar. • More KGM can improve gel springiness and thermal stability. • The gel microstructure is more dense and WHC is better when KGM:κ-CA:XG:AR = 2:2:1:2. • The addition of KGM results in stronger shear thinning behavior and enhances solid-like properties of gels at high temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] The "clip-cycle" synthesis of 2-pyridazinones containing enaminonitriles from thioesters with dicyanohydrazones is achieved through a AgOAc-promoted acylation-cyclization-tautomerization cascade reaction. Moreover, the obtained 2-pyridazinones are further transformed into biologically significant bicyclic-fused pyridazinones exhibiting intriguing fluorescence emission properties. Additionally, quantum chemical calculations were performed to provide a rational explanation for the observed photophysical characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The state of charge estimation of lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles is critical in battery management systems. Using a single model and algorithm for state of charge estimation has some limitations, therefore fusion algorithms are investigated by researchers. However, among many fusion methods, there are no basis for judgement concerning which models and algorithms to be chosen for fusion in different discharge intervals in order to obtain the desired results. To address this problem, this study proposes a three-interval fusion method for state of charge estimation based on fitness values. Firstly, three different types of equivalent circuit models and six filtering algorithms are built in this study. Next, the whole state of charge is divided into three intervals in discharging process and the estimation error characteristics of each interval are extracted. Then, assessment of model-algorithm fits through fitness values. Finally, the combinations of better fitness values in each interval are selected and the three-interval fusion method for estimation of state of charge is achieved by adaptive weighted average. The results show that the maximum absolute error of the three-interval fusion method is less than 0.5 % and the accuracy is improved by 40 % compared to other fusion methods. • The proposed fitness values allow the evaluation of model and algorithm matching. • The discharging process is divided into three intervals for analysis. • SOC can be maintained with high accuracy throughout the discharge interval. • The SOC estimation can converge easily under special conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) is involved in the pathological processes of many metabolic diseases. However, studies on the relevance of SPARC to hypertension and its involvement in endothelial function are scarce. In this study, we aim to explore the relevance of SPARC to hypertension and investigate its role in endothelium-dependent relaxation (EDR). 110 patients who met the criteria were recruited as participants. Serum SPARC concentrations were determined by Luminex assay. The correlation between SPARC levels and hypertension was analyzed. After treatment with SPARC ex vivo or in vivo , endothelial-dependent relaxation (EDR) was measured by wire myography. Western blotting was performed to detect the expression of proteins relevant to endothelial function. Our results showed that serum SPARC levels were significantly higher in the hypertensive group and were positively associated with systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). Functional results demonstrated that SPARC dramatically impaired EDR and induced the excess production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in endothelial cells. Further experimental results confirmed that SPARC reduced angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) expression and ACE2 overexpression or activation completely abolished the impairing effect of SPARC on endothelial function. The present study reveals the correlation between elevated SPARC and hypertension and confirms its adverse effect on endothelial function, helping establish a comprehensive understanding of hypertension-related endothelial dysfunction in a new scope. [Display omitted] • Serum SPARC is elevated in hypertensive patients and is independently associated with hypertension. • SPARC impairs endothelial function. • ACE2 expression is induced by SPARC in endothelial cells and is involved in SPARC-promoted endothelial dysfunction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cu-Cr-Zr alloy is widely recognized as one kind of high-strength and conductivity Cu alloy, understanding the basic properties of compositional phases is crucial for preparing alloys with excellent properties. The structural, mechanical, thermodynamic, and electrical properties of Cu 5 Zr, CuZr, CuZr 2 , CuZr 3 and ZrCr 2 (CCZs) were systematically investigated by first-principles calculation in this paper. The results indicated that all optimized structures are mechanically and dynamically stable, and the hardest structure was confirmed as Cu 5 Zr in CCZs. Moreover, the overlapped phenomenon of band structures at Fermi energy level revealed these phases all possessed a metallic characteristic with conductor properties. Furthermore, the interaction of d orbit in Cu, Cr and Zr element is dominant in CCZs, and the magnitude of the electron orbital density of states of alloy elements reflects their contribution to the conductivity. The comprehensive results indicate that Cu alloys alloyed with Cr and Zr have excellent mechanical strength, conductivity, and thermal properties, laying the foundation for their applications in electrical, infrastructure, and welding fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Mg doping greatly increases the action sites of monometallic-centered MIL-101(Fe). • Construction of bis-MIL composite MOM tunes the structure and enhances the properties. • The maximum sorption capacity of MOM towards Pb(II) is 320.941 mg·g−1. • MOM has good resistance to salt interferences and regeneration performance. MIL-101(Fe) has received more and more attention in wastewater treatment, and how to further improve its stability and sorption capacity has become a research focus. In this study, metal Mg was used to dope MIL-101(Fe) to construct Mg@MIL-101(Fe) with bimetallic sites, which was then mixed with NH 2 -MIL-125(Ti) to successfully fabricate Mg@MIL-101(Fe)/NH 2 -MIL-125(Ti) (MOM) bis-MIL composites. MOM not only contains a large number of sorption sites but also exhibits excellent stability and reusability, realizing efficient sorption of Pb(II) from aqueous solution. In addition, the sorption performance and mechanism of Pb(II) on MOM were investigated by the characterizations of SEM, BET, TG, XRD, FTIR and XPS, as well as the kinetic and thermodynamic analyses. The sorption of Pb(II) on MOM is in accordance with the Langmuir isothermal model and pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The maximum sorption capacity of Pb(II) on MOM derived from the Langmuir model fitting is 320.941 mg·g−1. The sorption of Pb(II) on MOM is strongly affected by pH, but not by ionic strength, which indicates that MOM has good resistance to salt interferences. The strong complexation of carboxyl, hydroxyl and amino functional groups with Pb(II) is the main sorption mechanism of Pb(II) on MOM, and electrostatic interaction and ion exchange also contribute to the sorption. In conclusion, MOM has strong practical application prospects in the treatment of Pb(II)-containing wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Muscle fiber properties exert a significant influence on pork quality, with cross-sectional area (CSA) being a crucial parameter closely associated with various meat quality indicators, such as shear force. Effectively identifying and segmenting muscle fibers in a robust manner constitutes a vital initial step in determining CSA. This step is highly intricate and time-consuming, necessitating an accurate and automated analytical approach. One limitation of existing methods is their tendency to perform well on high signal-to-noise ratio images of intact, healthy muscle fibers but their lack of validation on more complex image datasets featuring significant morphological changes, such as the presence of ice crystals. In this study, we undertake the fully automatic segmentation of muscle fiber microscopic images stained with myosin adenosine triphosphate (mATPase) activity using a deep learning architecture known as SOLOv2. Our objective is to efficiently derive accurate measurements of muscle fiber size and distribution. Tests conducted on actual images demonstrate that our method adeptly handles the intricate task of muscle fiber segmentation, yielding quantitative results amenable to statistical analysis and displaying reliability comparable to manual analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• LBL self-assembly strategy utilized to enhance thermoelectric properties and durability of thermoelectric fabrics. • The fabric can be self-powered for temperature sensing, such as respiratory monitoring. • Fabric-based wearable system can synergistically monitor human physiological signals with multiple signals. Thermoelectric devices have received widespread attention in next-generation flexible electronics due to their excellent self-powered characteristics, multifunctionality and high integrability. However, current thermoelectric devices suffer from drawbacks such as poor durability, complex preparation processes, and terrible air permeability which is the necessary metric in wearing comfort. Here, we propose a layer-by-layer (LBL) self-assembly strategy to prepare multifunctional thermoelectric fabrics with enhanced thermoelectric performance and durability. Based on the self-assembly effect, the interfacial bonding between the thermoelectric material and the fabric substrate is effectively improved, so that the thermoelectric properties of the fabrics can still be maintained stable after 2000 bending cycles and 600 washing cycles. Moreover, this strategy increases the electrical conductivity of the fabric by a factor of 4 without affecting the fabric's air permeability (up to 400 mm s−1 at 50 Pa) and tensile properties (strains exceeding 100 %). Due to its wearability and multifunctionality, the fabric was designed as a synergistic monitoring system that includes facial respiration monitoring and knee joint motion monitoring for continuous monitoring of the athlete's dynamic body condition. This thermoelectric fabric shows amazing potential for advanced smart textiles, soft robotics and human–computer interaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Optimizing the cropping structure is of great significance for ensuring efficient water use and ecological sustainability in irrigation districts experiencing water shortages. However, how farmers choose the crops to plant under the intervention of factors such as behavioral economics and policies has been less considered in agricultural land-use planning. This study proposes an agent-based socio-hydrological model embedding a geographic information system (ABSHM-GIS). In ABSHM-GIS, a bottom-up research methodology coupled with farmers' behavioral economics and government policies is used to examine the factors influencing farmers' cropping structure and the impact of cropping decisions on farmers' income and the spatial and temporal distributions of water resources. In this study, ABSHM-GIS was applied in the context of planting structure and crop subsidy policy in Qira oasis, Xinjiang, China as a case study area. Results showed that government intervention in cropping structure was effective in reducing water use for agricultural irrigation (18–30 million m3/year) relative to farmer intervention, but it also reduced farmer returns (17,850–25,860 yuan/ha). During the period of agricultural irrigation, regulating the increase in the lower residual volume of irrigation gates 2–4 in the range of 666–869 m3/day and that of irrigation gates 5–9 in the range of 211–342 m3/day could effectively ensure the even spatial distribution of surface water and groundwater. In the planting structure, an increase in government subsidy by 300 yuan/ha could save an average of 2 million m3/year of water resources for ecological water use to ensure ecological safety. The behavioral economics showed that the learning factor was the main behavioral factor that changed the decision-making behavior of farmers. The ABSHM-GIS model proposed in this paper could help researchers reveal the causes and provide insights into the emergence of macro-patterns, such as changes in cropping structure and irrigated agriculture, as a result of microfarmers' economic behavior in a bottom-up research approach. • A socio-hydrological ABM coupling behavioral economics and water policies was proposed. • Government intervention saves water use via cropping structure, but reducing farmer returns. • Learning factor was main behavioral factor changing decision-making behavior of farmers. • Sensitivity factor and radius of information has a less significant effect on income of farmers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The controllable stretchability of the composite fiber membrane was achieved. • The Janus fiber membrane features opposing optical-thermal properties on both sides. • Radiant cooling or heating temperature of different objects exceeds 15 °C. With the frequent occurrence of extreme climates, passive daytime radiant cooling (PDRC) and passive daytime radiant heating (PDRH) technologies are receiving more and more attention as green and sustainable ways to regulate temperature. Here we present a Janus composite porous fiber membrane (MXene@PVDF/TPU), prepared by controlling the ratio of two components, PVDF and TPU, in the electrospinning precursor solution, to regulate the optical, mechanical, and other properties of the fiber membrane. By spraying MXene on one side of the fiber membrane, we achieve radiative heating performance, while the side without MXene spraying exhibits radiative cooling performance. Switching between cooling and heating modes can be accomplished by simply flipping the composite fiber membrane. The cooling side of the fiber membrane has high solar reflectance (93.75 %) and mid-infrared emissivity (83.09 %), and can cool the ambient temperature up to 8.2 °C at noon. At the same time, the heating side of the fiber membrane has low reflectance (14.18 %) and mid-infrared emissivity (24.22 %), and can heat the environment up to 7.4 °C at noon. Besides, due to the electrical and thermal properties of MXene, the MXene@PVDF/TPU fiber membrane exhibits excellent Joule heating characteristics, which can effectively compensate for the PDRH. Switching between the modes of cooling and heating can be achieved by a simple flip of the composite fiber membrane, which is important to reduce carbon emissions to alleviate the energy crisis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Up to now, it has been believed that invertebrates are unable to synthesize ascorbic acid (AA) in vivo. However, in the present study, the full-length CDs (Coding sequence) of L-gulonolactone oxidase (GLO) from Pacific abalone (Haliotis discus hannai Ino) were obtained through molecular cloning. The Pacific abalone GLO contained a FAD-binding domain in the N-termination, and ALO domain and conserved HWAK motif in the C-termination. The GLO gene possesses 12 exons and 11 introns. The Pacific abalone GLO was expressed in various tissues, including the kidney, digestive gland, gill, intestine, muscle and mantle. The GLO activity assay revealed that GLO activity was only detected in the kidney of Pacific abalone. After a 100-day feeding trial, dietary AA levels did not significantly affect the survival, weight gain, daily increment in shell length, and feed conversion ratio of Pacific abalone. The expression of GLO in the kidney was downregulated by dietary AA. These results implied that the ability to synthesize AA in abalone had not been lost. From the evolutionary perspective, the loss of GLO occurred independently as an independent event by matching with the genomes of various species. The positive selection analysis revealed that the GLO gene underwent purifying selective pressure during its evolution. In conclusion, the present study provided direct evidence to prove that the GLO activity and the ability to synthesize AA exist in abalone. The AA synthesis ability in vertebrates might have originated from invertebrates dating back 930.31 million years. • The full-length coding sequence of GLO from abalone Haliotis discus hannai was obtained. • It was confirmed that abalone had the ability to synthesize ascorbic acid (AA). • From the evolutionary perspective, the loss of GLO occurred independently as an independent event. • The GLO gene underwent purifying selective pressure during its evolution. • The AA synthesis ability in vertebrates might be originated from invertebrates dating back 930.31 million years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-performance catalysts are crucial for many applications, including high-performance gas sensors. However, the catalysts used in gas sensors need to be screened through many experimental measurements, which is time-consuming and labor-intensive. Herein, the catalytic activity of ZSM-5 zeolites with different Si/Al ratios is quantitatively evaluated using a resonant microcantilever that enables in-situ temperature-programmed desorption (cantilever-TPD) measurements. Since the frequency shift obtained by the cantilever-TPD measurement is proportional to the number of probe molecules, the cantilever-TPD experiment can successfully measure the number of active sites and desorption activation energy of the catalyst. Therefore, the cantilever-TPD experiment quantitatively characterizes the catalytic activity through the comprehensive analysis of the number of active sites and the desorption activation energy, eliminating the need for the traditional trial-and-error method to study the gas-sensing performance. According to the test results of cantilever-TPD, the ZSM-5 zeolite with satisfactory performance is preferred as the catalytic material, and the ZnO/ZSM-5 double-layer sensor is made to detect trace amounts of the greenhouse gas Freon R134a. The gas sensing results show that the optimized ZSM-5 sensor has good sensitivity, limit of detection (LOD), repeatability, and selectivity, fully confirming the evaluation results of the cantilever-TPD. • Resonant microcantilever is used for TPD measurements of catalytic-induced sensing materials. • The catalytic activity of ZSM-5 zeolites with different Si/Al ratios has been quantitatively evaluated. • ZSM-5 zeolite, with satisfactory performance, was selected as the catalytic-induced sensing material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PD-1/PD-L1 pathway blockade is a promising immunotherapy for the treatment of cancer. In this manuscript, a series of triaryl compounds containing ester chains were designed and synthesized based on the pharmacophore studies of the lead BMS-1. After several SAR iterations, 22 showed the best biochemical activity binding to hPD-L1 with an IC 50 of 1.21 nM in HTRF assay, and a K D value of 5.068 nM in SPR analysis. Cell-based experiments showed that 22 effectively promoted A549 cell death by restoring T-cell immune function. 22 showed significant in vivo antitumor activity in a 4T1 mouse model without obvious toxicity, with a TGI rate of 67.8 % (20 mg/kg, ip). Immunohistochemistry data indicated that 22 activates the immune activity in tumors. These results suggest that 22 is a promising compound for further development of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor for cancer therapy. [Display omitted] • Synthesis of a series of novel triaryl derivatives containing ester chains. • 22 Showed the best biochemical activity binding to hPD-L1 with an IC 50 of 1.21 nM. • 22 effectively promoted A549 cell death by restoring T cell immune function. • 22 showed significant in vivo antitumor activity in a 4T1 mouse model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microplastics are ubiquitous in the environment. Human body can be exposed to microplastics through inhalation and ingestion and some microplastics can enter the blood and accumulate in various tissues and organs throughout the body. Animal experiments have suggested that microplastics may promote atherosclerosis. However, data on microplastics in human arteries and clinical evidence supporting a link between microplastics and atherosclerosis are currently lacking. Pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) was used in this study to detect microplastics in three types of human arteries: coronary and carotid arteries with atherosclerotic plaques, as well as the aorta without plaques. Microplastics were detected in all 17 arterial samples, with an average concentration of 118.66 ± 53.87 μg/g tissue. Four types of microplastics were identified: polyethylene terephthalate (PET, 73.70%), polyamide-66 (PA-66, 15.54%), polyvinyl chloride (PVC, 9.69%), and polyethylene (PE, 1.07%). Most importantly, the concentration of microplastics in arteries containing atherosclerotic plaques, both coronary arteries (156.50 ± 42.14 vs. 76.26 ± 14.86 μg/g tissue, P = 0.039), and carotid arteries (133.37 ± 60.52 vs. 76.26 ± 14.86 μg/g tissue, P = 0.015), was significantly higher than that in aortas which did not contain atherosclerotic plaques, suggesting that microplastics might be associated with atherosclerosis in humans. This study provides valuable data for further hazard assessments of microplastics on human cardiovascular health. [Display omitted] • Microplastics can accumulate in human arteries. • Microplastics in arteries are predominantly PET, followed by PA, PVC and PE. • Microplastics in arteries may be associated with atherosclerosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • An alternating layered structure of CNT and GaInCu alloy (GCLA) is proposed. • Fibers with wrinkled GCLA layer show extremely high stretchability and conductivity. • Wrinkled GCLA layer enables fiber to achieve stable conductivity during stretching. • The GCLA structure can be patterned on hydrophilic and hydrophobic substrates. Liquid metal (LM) composites, known for their excellent conductivity and fluidity, hold great promise in the fields of printed electronics and wearable technology. However, their high surface tension and fluidity can lead to circuit instability, such as leakage during deformation, resulting in short circuits. Therefore, additional methods are necessary to enhance the stability of LM within composite material systems. In this paper, Carbon nanotube (CNT) was introduced as a transition layer to enhance the adhesion of gallium-indium-copper-alloy ink (GCLA) on different elastic substrates and to obtain interface fusion conductive layers. The modified GCLA conductive fibers achieved high conductivity (conductivity up to 3.13 × 105 S/m), ultra-stretchability (1580 % of ultra-large deformation, the resistance changes less than 3 Ω), and ultra-stability (within 200 % of large deformation, the change of resistance less than 1 Ω). In addition, we also demonstrated the operability of GCLA in forming patterns on hydrophilic and hydrophobic substrate surfaces and obtained conductive patterns through printing, transfer printing, and hand drawing, making it a promising candidate for flexible electronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In fine-grained recognition, classical high-order coding has inherent contradiction between visual burstiness and feature redundancy, the core of which is the inherent instability of high-order features. Existing methods mainly use EIG and SVD decomposition to maintain feature stability, but this process increases feature redundancy. To address this problem, this paper proposes a Graph Bilinear Pooling (GBP) model to obtain stable fine-grained features through the effective aggregation ability of graph networks. GBP avoids explicit feature decomposition and reconciles the contradiction between visual burstiness and feature redundancy. First, GBP transforms images into a graph spectrum through feature correlation measurement. Then, an improved multi-head graph convolution structure is proposed by using Graph Isomorphism Networks (GIN) to realize feature aggregation. Finally, bilinear pooling operations are performed between graph convolution feature maps and original feature maps to obtain more compact and stable fine-grained feature representations. Experiments on CUB, Cars, and Aircrafts datasets demonstrate that the accuracy of the proposed method is 87.8 %, 93.5 %, and 89.6 % respectively, with a feature representation of 2048 dimensions. Compared to the baseline, the feature number is only 25 % of the baseline model, and the accuracy is increased by 2.6 %, 1.7 %, and 1.3 % respectively. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of graph neural network embedding in improving feature stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lead (Pb) can possess its solubility, bioavailability and toxicity modified with solid phase transformation, but the potential for such processes in heterogeneous soil-plant system remains unclear. Herein, we investigated the biogeochemical pathways controlling Pb partitioning mediated by strengite (FeIIIPO 4) and oxalated zero-valent iron (Ox-nZVI). Batch tests verified that FeIIIPO 4 and Ox-nZVI achieved the dissolution of stable P and Fe while fixing Pb. Pot experiments with Solanum nigrum L. further showed the simultaneous addition of FeIIIPO 4 and Ox-nZVI to soil reduced porewater Pb and boosted the utilization efficiency of P and Fe as a result of favoring Pb retention in the soild phase as Pb 5 (PO 4) 3 OH and PbFe 12 O 19. Characterization results revealed the liquid-solid transfer mass fluctuation depends on precipitation-dissolution and adsorption-desorption reactions of Pb-containing solids driven by FeIIIPO 4 reductive dissolution and Ox-nZVI oxidative corrosion. Both FeIIIPO 4 and Ox-nZVI promoted plant uptake of Pb in root cell wall as chloropyromorphite crystals but suppressed its upward translocation due to iron plaque barrier. Both FeIIIPO 4 and Ox-nZVI recruited more Fe(II)-oxidizing genera and thus facilitated electron transfer processes in near-rhizosphere soil. These findings provide new insights into the role of FeIIIPO 4 and Ox-nZVI in microscale Pb stabilization coupled with Fe and P cycling for contaminated media. [Display omitted] • The simultaneous addition of FeIIIPO 4 and Ox-nZVI to soil reduced porewater Pb. • Liquid-solid mass transfer of Pb is driven by adsorption and precipitation. • Fe plaque effect raised plant root uptake of Pb rather than soil pH-induced change. • Pb was preferentially retained in the root cell walls rather than being taken up. • FeIIIPO 4 and Ox-nZVI mediated functional diversity of soil bacterial community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A series of chitosan-derived ultramicroporous carbons were prepared using activating reagents-free method. • CNC-700 possesses excellent C 2 H 4 /C 2 H 6 molecular sieving performance. • High purity of C 2 H 4 can be produced via one-step adsorption–desorption process. • The good stability and scalability make CNC-700 a promising adsorbent for industrial applications. The selective separation of C 2 H 4 /C 2 H 6 pair is of paramount importance in the petrochemical industry, which is yet challenged by their similar polarities, shapes, and kinetic diameters. The use of carbonaceous adsorbents with molecular sieving capability holds great promise in achieving the desired selectivity and economically feasibility. However, such progress has been hindered by the typically wide pore size distribution observed in traditional carbons. Herein, we report a series of chitosan-based ultramicroporous carbons with C 2 H 4 /C 2 H 6 molecular sieving performance through an activating reagents-free method. The hydrothermal process of chitosan was initially employed to prepare condensed carbonaceous hydrochar rich in heteroatoms. The subsequent thermal etching led to the formation of sieving-based ultramicropores, stemming from the decomposition of heteroatoms and hot-shrinkage of pores at high temperature. The as-synthesized optimal CNC-700 sample achieved a high C 2 H 4 uptake of 32.3 cm3 (STP) g−1 and negligible C 2 H 6 adsorption at 298 K and 1.0 bar. The isosteric heat of C 2 H 4 on CNC-700 reached 34.5 kJ mol−1, significantly lower than other thermodynamically driven carbonaceous adsorbents. The fixed-bed breakthrough experiments further validated the efficient separation of equimolar C 2 H 4 /C 2 H 6 mixture under dynamic conditions. This work provides an important guideline to fabricate carbons with adjustable ultramicropore size derived from biomass for the highly effective separation of light hydrocarbons via molecular sieving. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Characterized the vermicular graphite rate and tensile strength in vermicular cast iron using NUT. • Dislocation string model and metallographic observation have been used to explain the change in the ANP. • A new relationship between vermicular graphite rate, ANP, and tensile strength has been established by experiments. Ultrasonic techniques have been widely used to detect the percentage of vermicular graphite, defects, etc. in vermicular graphite cast iron. The linear ultrasonic velocity method is the main ultrasonic method for characterizing vermicular graphite rate and tensile strength in the current study, however, it is often easy to misjudge the vermicular graphite rate due to its insignificant variation. This study explores the feasibility of using the nonlinear ultrasonic technique (NUT) to characterize the vermicular graphite rate and tensile strength. Based on the longitudinal critically refracted (LCR) wave detection model, an experimental study to detect the vermicular graphite rate and tensile strength of vermicular graphite cast iron is carried out using the nonlinear ultrasonic harmonic method, and compared with the ultrasonic velocity method. The experiment results show that the relative nonlinear parameter of the LCR wave decreases along with the increase of vermicular graphite rate and increases along with the increase of tensile strength, and it has higher detection sensitivity and resolution than ultrasonic velocity by analyzing the obtained data. The increase in the acoustic nonlinearity parameter (ANP) is related to the increase in the number of grain boundaries in the microstructure. Therefore, the relationship among microstructure, ANP, and mechanical properties of vermicular graphite cast iron can be established, and it's promising that a new approach might be developed for quickly detecting the vermicular graphite rate and corresponding tensile strength with the NUT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Noble metal nanostructures with localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effect can be employed to enhance the light absorption ability of photocatalysts. However, it has been a challenge to control the size and morphology of noble metal nanostructures to manipulate the LSPR wavelength and improve the performance of photocatalysts. Herein, an Ag dendrite (AgD) composed of Ag nanorods with different sizes was facilely constructed by a displacement reaction, and sunlight-driven LSPR-enhanced core-shell AgD/g-C 3 N 4 composite photocatalysts (AgD-CN) were synthesized by thermal polymerizing mixtures of melamine and different amounts of AgD. This core-shell AgD-CN improved the stability of AgD and made full use of the near-field enhancement effect of AgD's LSPR, resulting in a broad light absorption band. AgD-CN-15 showed the highest photogenerated electron-hole pair separation rate and the best photocatalytic performance when the addition amount of AgD was 3 wt%. The degradation rate of RhB by AgD-CN-15 reached 95.20% after sunlight irradiation for 60 min, and its reaction rate constant was 5.2 times that of the pristine g-C 3 N 4. Moreover, ·OH, h+ and ·O 2 - were found to be the main active species. AgD is easy to prepare and can broaden the light absorption wavelength range and significantly enhance light absorption ability of photocatalysts, which provides a new method to improve the performance of LSPR-enhanced photocatalysts. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A novel L-GNR vertical arrays was constructed for chiral recognition. • The chemiluminescence signal was greatly enhanced by L-GNR vertical arrays. • L-GNR vertical arrays enables ultrasensitive detection of R/S-NPx. • The LOD was as low as 0.097 pM for S-NPx and 0.14 pM for R-NPx. • The chiral recognition mechanism was first revealed using SECM. Chirality recognition by monitoring electrochemiluminescence/chemiluminescence (CL) signals of probes altered by enantiomers is considered a promising method in the fields of pharmaceuticals and biotechnology. However, improving the sensitivity of chiral recognition and accurately elucidating its chiral recognition mechanism are still two major challenges. Herein, L-Cys-modified chiral Au nanorod (L-GNR) vertical arrays-enhanced CL sensing is proposed for improving the sensitivity of chiral naproxen recognition and accurately elucidating its chiral recognition mechanism. The resulting L-GNR vertical arrays exhibited a strong local electric field and improved electron transfer efficiency, thereby enhancing the CL signal of the luminol-H 2 O 2 system. More importantly, such L-GNR vertical arrays exhibited markedly different CL intensities toward chiral drug R/S-naproxen (R/S-NPx) due to the different affinity between L-Cys and R/S-NPx, which was confirmed by molecular dynamics simulation. Thus, an ultrasensitive enantioselective recognition of R/S-NPx was achieved by the L-GNR vertical arrays exhibiting a CL signal for S-NPx that was approximately 2.5-fold higher than that of R-NPx, with a limit of detection as low as 0.14 pM for R-NPx and 0.097 pM for S-NPx, respectively. The mechanism of the stereospecific interaction between the naproxen enantiomers and the chiral GNR vertical arrays was investigated by scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM). We found that the electron transfer rate of identification system determined strength of the CL signals. The electron transfer rate of L-GNR vertical arrays + R-NPx was faster than that of the L-GNR vertical arrays + S-NPx due to the weaker interaction between L-GNR vertical arrays and R-NPx compared to L-GNR vertical arrays and S-NPx. This study not only provides a novel strategy for the detection of enantiomers but also reveals the mechanism of enantioselective recognition through SECM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Local environment of oxygen vacancies at MnO 2 were regulated by the concentration of Mo doping. • Moderate Mo doping could generate effective oxygen vacancies Mn-Ov-Mo. • 0.3MoMnO 2 with abundant Mn-Ov-Mo sites exhibited excellent catalytic activity, cycling stability, and toxicity resistance. • Mn-Ov-Mo sites facilitate the dynamic equilibrium of oxygen adsorption and desorption, promoting the activation of O 2. The microenvironment of oxygen vacancies plays an important role in metal oxide catalysts for VOCs catalytic oxidation. A simple strategy was provided to tailor the local environment of oxygen vacancies over MnO 2 via Mo doping engineering to enhance its catalytic activity. The 0.3MoMnO 2 with Mo/Mn quality ratio of 0.3 showed superior catalytic oxidation performance of benzene and anti-toxicity (H 2 O, SO 2, and particulate matter). Its benzene oxidation rate at 190℃ was 1.95 × 10−4 mol/g/h, which was about three and two times higher than that of MnO 2 and 0.9MoMnO 2 , respectively. The Mn-Ov-Mo sites were experimentally verified as the dominant active centers on 0.3MoMnO 2. Through DFT calculation, Mo doping could enhance the oxygen adsorption on oxygen vacancies of MnO 2. The remarkably well activity of Mn-Ov-Mo was rationally explained by the moderate oxygen adsorption energy to maintain a dynamic equilibrium of oxygen adsorption and desorption, which enhanced the oxygen activation, thereby promoting the benzene catalytic oxidation. However, excessive Mo doping induced the formation of Mo-Ov-Mo, and its side-on oxygen adsorption configuration was not conducive to oxygen transfer. This work broadens the understanding of the relationship between the local environment of oxygen vacancies and catalytic activities, which is beneficial for the rational design of efficient VOCs catalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • DS was electrochemically synthesized in one step at industrial current density. • The strong electron-orbital hybridization promoted the decarboxylation reaction. • A second-order polynomial mathematical model was established for DS synthesis. • The optimal synthesis process for DS was determined by response surface methodology. Dimethyl sebacate is an essential organic chemical, yet its conventional high-temperature pyrolytic synthesis process is marked by complexity, energy intensity, environmental pollution, and volatile raw material supplies. Presently, electrochemical synthesis emerges as a promising, environmentally sustainable method for one-step dimethyl sebacate synthesis via anodic decarboxylation coupling with monomethyl adipate. However, the existing process falls short in achieving the desired selectivity and current efficiency, particularly when operating at high current densities, thus impeding its broader industrial adoption. This study, synergizing density functional theory computations with experimental methods, conducts a comprehensive multidimensional analysis of the electrochemical performance at high current densities across four distinct electrode types: Pt plate, RuO 2 /Ti, PbO 2 , and graphite electrodes. It underscores the strong electron-orbital hybridization between adsorbed monomethyl adipate and the platinum electrode, resulting in an enhanced propensity for electron transfer at the electrode interface and facilitating the decarboxylation of monomethyl adipate coupling into dimethyl sebacate. Subsequently, through single-factor experiments and response surface methodology, an exhaustive analysis of the various factors influencing the electrolysis process is conducted, including supporting electrolyte, current density, H 2 O content, neutralization, and monomethyl adipate concentration. The optimal electrolysis operation configuration offers a robust theoretical foundation and technical framework for the large-scale implementation of green, energy-efficient electrochemical synthesis technology for dimethyl sebacate in industrial settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The structures of the annealed Fe 78 Si 9 B 13 amorphous ribbons have been obtained by X-ray diffraction and Reverse Monte Carlo simulation. • The cluster connection modes in the annealed Fe 78 Si 9 B 13 amorphous ribbons at different temperatures has been uncovered. • The mechanism underlying the cluster connection modes and the saturation magnetization has been discussed. The structures and magnetic properties of Fe 78 Si 9 B 13 amorphous ribbons were detected after annealing at different temperatures. Compared with the clusters in the Fe B amorphous alloy, the second shell of B B coordination is replaced by Si B coordination in the clusters of the Fe 78 Si 9 B 13 amorphous alloy. The interaction between Fe and B atoms is strengthened at a higher annealing temperature. Based on the Gaussian decomposition toward the splitting second peaks in g (r) curves, the shared connection modes of the clusters have been obtained. The main connection modes between the clusters of all the samples are the three-atom-shared connection and the one-atom-shared connection. With the increasing annealing temperature, the three-atom-shared connection is enhanced, and the one-atom-shared connections are weakened. Combined with the results of the magnetic hysteresis curves, it is found that the enhancement of the three-atom-shared connection is responsible for the increase of the saturation magnetization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cultivated land plays a pivotal role in ensuring national food security. The challenges of non-agriculture, non-grain production and the marginalization of cultivated land have become increasingly pronounced in the context of urbanization and industrialization in China, posing potential threats to long-term food security. This study employs a combination of remote sensing and statistical data to reveal the effects of non-agriculturalization, non-grainization, and the marginalization of cultivated land on grain production potential (GPP) at the grid scale. From 1992 to 2020, the total farmland area initially exhibited an ascending trend followed by a subsequent decline, resulting in a net decrease of approximately 0.84% in China. the northward shift in the center of gravity of cultivated land has accentuated the spatial disparity between grain production and consumption. Non-agriculturalization, non-grainization, and marginalization of cultivated land contributed 35.22%, 22.58%, and 42.20% to the GPP loss, respectively. GPP loss exhibited significant differences across the agroclimatic zones, with the combined loss in the Middle-lower Yangtze Plain and Huang-Huai-Hai Plain exceeding 60% of the national total. Cultivated land marginalization has emerged as the most impactful land-use change affecting GPP, leading to a substantial loss of approximately 11471.30 × 104 t. The affected area is predominantly concentrated in the southern region. The marginalization of cultivated land has not been effectively alleviated, and the expansion trend continues. Conservation endeavors targeting cultivated land should prioritize enhancing farmers' willingness to cultivate, curbing the extensive utilization of farmland, and mitigating the escalating trend of farmland marginalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The potential use of gait analysis for quantitative preoperative planning in total hip arthroplasty (THA) has previously been demonstrated. However, the joint kinematic data measured through this process tend to be unreliable for surgical planning due to distortions caused by soft tissue artifacts (STAs). In this study, we developed a novel motion capture framework by combining computed tomography (CT)-based postural calibration and subject-specific multibody dynamics modeling to prevent the effect of STAs in measuring hip kinematics. Three subjects with femoroacetabular impingement syndrome were recruited, and CT data for each patient were collected by attaching marker clusters near the hip. A subject-specific multibody hip joint model was developed based on reconstructed CT data. Spring–dashpot network calculations were performed to minimize the distance between the anatomical landmark and its corresponding infrared reflective marker. The STAs of the thigh was described as six degrees of freedom viscoelastic bushing elements, and their parameter values were identified via smooth orthogonal decomposition. Least squares optimization was used to modify the pelvic rotations to compensate for the rigid components of STAs. The results showed that CT-assisted motion tracking enabled the successful identification of STA influences in gait and squat positions. Furthermore, STA effects were found to alter maximal pelvis tilt and hip rotations during a squat. Compared to other techniques, such as dual fluoroscopic imaging, the adopted framework does not require additional medical imaging for patients undergoing robot-assisted THA surgery and is thus a practical way of evaluating hip joint kinematics for preoperative surgical planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]