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This paper describes various forms of line drawing representation, compares different schemes of quantization, and reviews the manner in which a line drawing can be extracted from a tracing or a photographic image. The subjective aspects of a line drawing are examined. Different encoding schemes are compared, with emphasis on the so-called chain code which is convenient for highly irregular line drawings. The properties of chain-coded line drawings are derived, and algorithms are developed for analyzing line drawings to determine various geometric features. Procedures are described for rotating, expanding, and smoothing line structures, and for establishing the degree of similarity between two contours by a correlation technique. Three applications are described in detail: automatic assembly of jigsaw puzzles, map matching, and optimum two-dimensional template layout. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developments in the field of picture processing by computer during 1969-71 are surveyed. The topics covered include picture compression, image enhancement, pictorial pattern recognition, scene analysis, and picture grammars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Techniques for processing pictorial information by computer are surveyed. The topics covered include efficient encoding and approximation; position-invariant operations and applications; picture properties useful for pattern recognition; picture segmentation and geometrical properties of picture subsets; picture description and "picture languages." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the development of double image slide projection for art education. This projection of double images enables the lecturer to make visual comparisons directly without depending on memory retention from image to image. It also makes possible cultural comparisons such as a comparison in esthetic values such as a good and bad choice, color comparisons, contrast comparisons, line and form relationships. It has a play-back system that enables the lecturer to use recorder material over the audio system and allows for tape recorder adaptation so that taped materials can likewise be used in connection with double projection lectures.

This article focuses on pictorial statistics which were introduced from Austria in the early 30s and are still fairly new to the United States. Pictorial statistics developed from an analysis of the shortcomings of conventional graphs. The most serious shortcoming of the conventional graphs is that, to the average citizen, one of them looks like any other one. A chart showing the growth in beer consumption may look exactly like one showing government expenditures. To remedy this situation, pictorial statistics turned to the ancient picture languages to get its first principle and to use self-explanatory pictorial symbols as units in making charts. The pictograph technique opens up new possibilities of influencing and shaping public opinion. It makes possible the presentation of factual material in simple terms and to an audience which is much larger than any yet reached by facts information. By following a set of simple and basic rules, pictorial statistics tend to become a new medium of communication.

The article focuses on pattern recognition applications in the biometrical science. Physicists were among the very first to feel the need of automatic analysis of photographic images, for several years physicists had found themselves faced with an increasing number of photographs of bubble-chambers and spark-chambers to examine. When the possibilities of manually processing such a quantity of photographic data become insufficient, pattern recognition ceased to be the problem of basic research in the artificial intelligence field that it had been up to the fifties and became above all an applied research aiming at the realization of automatic recognition systems for particular images. The definition of the neurophysiological processes of perception and pattern recognition represents a not yet solved problem. The coming of electronic systems of transmission and processing of data has also supplied the subject of pattern recognition with new methods of studying, suggesting the designing of machines capable of carrying out operations of recognition as replies to a series of stimuli; that is, working in a similar way to the human brain.

The article reports that the Rapid Selector as originally built was not completely satisfactory because of the complexity and expense of the mechanism required for satisfactory reproduction of frames of 61 meter which were close together on the master film. The problem is one of removing an exposed frame of takeoff film after the two microsecond flash, and before another flash comes along to spoil the images by double exposure. However, some 11 frames pass in one-thirteenth of a second, and if two or more of them were on the same subject multiple exposures on one frame would result.

The article provides information on the identification of microcards containing classified material. In order to promote security of classified material produced on microcards, such cards should be easily recognized. The simplest man net with which to accomplish this is by having the cards in colors, such as red for secret, yellow for confidential and assigning other colors as necessary. The actual process of coloring the cards can be done with dyes. The dyes should be those having no effect other than coloring on the photographic image, paper stock or gelatin. Some dyes used experimentally were, croisine scarlet and Tintex. The dye was dissolved in hot water to make a highly concentrated solution, then cooled to room temperature and filtered before use.