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This article focuses on the variable features of any language habitually chosen by an encoder, which may be termed as the style of the individual. Although reflecting a variety of influences, the orientation is mainly linguistic and descriptive rather than perspective or evaluative and is concerned with both phenomenological and behavioral aspects of style. It includes materials drawn from empirical observation some of which has been quantified and some of which has not been and may not be quantifiable. Basically this paper presents a stylistic profile of six subjects derived from both objective measures and subjective impressions of the lexical and syntactical choices they make.

A distinctive culture developed in the Appalachian South by the early 1800's, typified mainly by a preservation of archaic traits, including the persistence of a frontier way of life. The bearers of this culture spread to the Ozark-Ouachita area of Missouri and Arkansas in the first half of the nineteenth century. The present paper is a documentation of a second major transplantation of the southern mountaincer-to the hills of central Texas. Evidence of a migration from Appalachia and Ozarkia to the Texas hills in the 1845-4880 period is presented. This movement of people was guided at least in part by environmental perception, for the southern mountaineers sought lands in Texas similar to those they left behind and applied to the physical features of their new home the same descriptive place-names used in the Ozarks and Appalachians. Various characteristics of the economy, standard of living. folkways, cultural landscape, and educational levels in the Texas hill area are reminiscent of die highland South. The best interpretation of these similarities is to regard the hillsmen of Texas as hitherto ignored southwestern representatives of the southern mountaineer culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article determines the significance of student handbooks to new students in the U.S. Student handbooks are considered to be part of the orientation process. A checklist was prepared to facilitate their description and analysis. It could be noted that the checklist includes the description of contents as well as the physical characteristics of the publications. Common practices in handbook construction and organization are also identified. The practices substantiate a manner of presentation that eliminate some gains from the handbook's availability.

The article focuses on methodologies that may have been used in the New Jersey project of Guided Group Interaction related to rehabilitation of delinquents. It reports on the thinking that lies back while an experiment is in progress. It matters concentrates on basic orientation and underlying research methodology that were involved the work. It discusses the individualistic approach adopted by the Guided Group Interaction which aims to straighten out the muddled problems of the individuals concerned and to get them out of their shells and prepare them for rehabilitation.

Many researchers have investigated the variables which lead to the stabilizing outcome, or the consequent consensual situation, size of group, socioeconomic background, aesthetic preference, and the amount of talking by members of the group. In the present study, high orientation verbal behavior is defined as a verbal statement which includes one of the following, (1) a procedural suggestion with relevant fact to resolve conflict, or (2) a new act relevant to an earlier procedural suggestion. In this study the author is particularly concerned with the relationship between message variables in a conflict-producing situation and the consequent conciliatory behavior exhibited by members of the group working toward consensus.

The article discusses various issues related to the future-orientation, career revokability, and role reciprocity among female graduate students. A popular assumption among college students is that American women are on the brink of a revolution, which will foster the realization of the goals of the earlier feminists. Social scientists have long underlined possible dysfunctions associated with the limited role definitions of the American female. In this descriptive study of one urban, midwestern, medium-sized university, it is apparent that as presently expressed by the subjects, there has been little overt attempt to change woman's role. Followers of sociologists Caroline Bird or Betty Friedan would have people believe that a revolution has occurred in the position to which women aspire in the culture. The present research was undertaken with the assumption that the middle class, upwardly mobile, educated women represented among the group of graduate assistants would give some evidence of this revolution. The most obvious conclusion is, that in the large majority of cases, this is simply not so.

The study on which a report is presented explored patterns of advice about health problems given by pharmacists to patients, and the relationship of these patterns to the orientations of pharmacistsߞbusiness vs. professional. Findings are presented and discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Five subjects had their nocturnal sleep monitored (EGG, BOG, submental EMG) for a total of 42 nights. A total of 196 awakenings to retrieve sleep mentation was distributed among three awakening categories: Non-Rapid Eye Movement (NREM) sleep before the EMG suppression heralding REM-sleep onset; NREM sleep immediately following the EMG suppression heralding REM-sleep onset; and early moments of REM sleep accompanied by EMG suppression. Suppressed-EMG NREM awakenings tended to be associated with lower dream recall frequency and lower Dreamlike Fantasy Scale ratings than did high-EMG NREM awakenings. Orientation times upon experimental awakenings were longer on suppressed-EMG pre-REM awakenings than on high-EMG pre-REM awakenings. A momentary "deepening" of sleep (in terms of less memorable and vivid mental content and of decreased reactivity to the awakening stimulus) thus appears to accompany the pre-REM suppression of neck and chin EMG potentials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sociology, by comparison with certain other empirical disciplines, is characterized by a lack of cumulative development of theoretical knowledge. We argue that this is the result of a widespread misunderstanding by sociologists of the methods used in the more advanced sciences to conceptualize phenomena, a misunderstanding currently illustrated by the writings of Merton and of Stinchcombe. A distinction is drawn between concepts which are observable (empirical concepts) and concepts which Junction as theoretical constructs. Examples and methods of formulating each are discussed, and consequences of the different orientations reflected in use of either type of concepts are examined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the face of the steady stream of studies of the verbal dimension of attitudinal behavior, the paucity of investigations of the overt-action correlates of such verbal behavior is indeed striking. Those who have conducted attitude research are not surprised by this one-sided emphasis: overt acceptance-avoidance acts are extremely difficult to isolate and measure. One source of this difficulty lies in the fact that few, if any, standardized situations or instruments have been developed enabling the investigator to quantify, on a positive-negative continuum, an acceptance or avoidance act for a set of subjects, with other conditions held constant. This article reports an attempt to develop an instrument which can readily be used in an interview situation for measuring the salience of a person's attitudinal orientations. It also explores the use of reference groups by subjects whose attitudinal salience is being measured. The term salience can be defined as the readiness of an individual to translate his attitude into overt action in relation to the attitude object. The relationship between inner conviction and overt behavior has frequently been discussed in connection with the validity of measures of verbal attitudes.

42 nursery children were exposed to 2 procedures designed to assess their discrimination of orientation. Under 1 procedure subjects had no difficulty in discriminating between stimuli which differed only in orientation. Under a second procedure, where color and size of stimuli were also varied, orientation proved to be a discriminative cue of relatively low salience. These findings obtained for perception of both realistic and abstract forms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Optokinetic stimuli allow for two perceptual interpretations. The observer may perceive himself as being stationary in a moving surround ( egocentric motion perception) or he may experience an illusion of self-motion, so that the actually moving surroundings appear to be stable ( exocentric motion perception). Results: [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents measures of task- and interaction-orientation that are more valid and more reliable for use in employee selection than those have been available as of March 1973. Definitions of task- and interaction-orientation adopted; Items of the Task-Orientation Scale; Items of the Interaction-Orientation Scale; Validity properties of the one-way worded and the balanced scales.

Focuses on the ideal of physical sciences regarding simplicity and objectivity of proof. Emulation of the methods of physical scientist; Consideration of the methods recognizing the difficulties in making acurate observations; Accounts on the thrust of individual transference-countertransference situations; Inseparability of the analyst's personality and orientation from the analytical process.

The article integrates theoretical principles and empirical findings emerging from work done independently within two areas of psychological research. The first includes work of a theoretical nature pertaining to anxiety. Although definitions of "anxiety" vary among theories, the majority of theoreticians would probably agree with any definition which included the subjective experience of discomfort. The second area of psychological research involves empirical data bearing on the general problem of temporal experience. More specifically, M. Wallace and I.A. Rabin summarize evidence supporting the conclusion that certain selected sub-groups can be differentiated on the basis time perception.