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This paper discusses problems encountered by health workers and ghetto-minority patients in their relations with each other and how they may be handled. The problems are seen in a practical way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents news briefs related to environmental science. Findings that snow and ice cover of the earth increased by 12% during 1967-72; Considerable stress laid on the Soviet Union's energy supplies; Susceptibility of a Brazilian tribe to illnesses from urban man found; Other reports.

The article discusses the employment of indigenous people in social service. As a result of chronic staff shortages for social welfare tasks, increasing attention is being given to the use of nonprofessional personnel in social work. There is wide agreement that auxiliary personnel ought to be used as assistants to relieve the heavy workload of the harassed social worker. There is also considerable, although less widespread, sentiment for the development a "social work associate" position, requiring independent functioning. The author states that the employment of low-income persons in social services has certain advantages as well. It serves, of course, to increase vocational opportunities for the undereducated slum-dweller. Since automation is eliminating more and more unskilled and semi-skilled positions, there is great need to accelerate the development of service occupations appropriate for untrained persons. Furthermore, helpers often gain more from the helping process than the person who ostensibly is being helped. Programs such as Alcoholics Anonymous and Synanon may be viewed in part as substituting for the addiction to alcohol and narcotics the addiction to helping. Engaging in a helping occupation enhances the self-image of low-income persons and it provides them with psychological support.

The article discusses the study regarding the lineage of Walbiri people in central Australia, to determine the evolution in the neuropsychiatric illness pattern. It investigates the nature of this evolution taking place during the rapid acculturation of Australian Aborigines. It presents the mental illness data of a Walbiri lineage and discusses some complexities of the situation. Thus, it shows that an evolution of illness patterns is taking place, due to evidence collected in the field, in the Walbiri territories and Aranda tribes, and in the companion papers. However, further fieldwork is considered necessary to determine how fundamental this evolution may be.

This article focuses on the sociological consequences of tourism. The introduction of tourism is disruptive, depending upon its relative importance to other sectors of the economy and the extent to which it fits the established local conditions. At each stage of development the interests, desires and capacities of tourists are different and thus, at each stage different demands are made upon the local community behaviour. Tourism thus causes a change in both the standard of living and the style of life of a community. The concept of slumming or going native expresses a real paradox in tourist adaptation to local conditions. A tourist may bring his prejudices with him. This leads to a very subtle type of discrimination in bars, restaurants and other formal social settings. From such settings natives may not be entirely excluded but management will exercise discrimination over types of natives permitted. Thus in a variety of ways the basis for conflict within the local community is altered, in some cases heightened and in the case of racial attitudes quite new elements of distinction may be introduced.

The economic growth of any country is largely dependent on the emergence of indigenous entrepreneurs, people who are prepared to venture into new and risky activities. This article examines the relationship between social structure and the emergence of indigenous entrepreneurs and compares and contrasts the effect of Indian caste system on the rate of economic growth with the impact of a more flexible social organisation, such as that of Tolai of New Britain on entrepreneurship. In the traditional Tolai social system any man could achieve a position of political and social importance provided he was enterprising and thrifty and managed to accumulate a lot of shell money, he was also expected to be courageous and successful in warfare. Among Tolai economic success is a pre-requisite to political power and social status. By contrast, in societies, such as the caste-ridden Indian villages, social status is a pre-condition to economic success, potential entrepreneurship is hampered by hereditary differentiation between castes.

The article presents an outline of the objectives for the study of Samoan history and indigenous culture that was created and proposed as a pattern by a committee of seven Samoan educators. As a result of learning under such a framework, Samoan pupils are expected to be able to explain the traditional matai or chieftain social system, the manner in which the islands were governed, the nature of the traditional material culture of old Samoa, traditional Samoan occupations, the oral arts, music, and dance practiced in traditional Samoan culture, original Samoan religious beliefs, legends and religious practices, ceremonies that were part of old Samoan culture, Samoan forms of games, sports, recreation , and entertainment, fauna, flora, and non-living elements that were significant in traditional Samoan life.

This article studies the mentality of the Australian native. The Australian native has been repeatedly chosen to illustrate the lowest point of human development. The lowest stage of all straight-haired men, and perhaps of all the human species, is occupied by the Australian aborigines or Austral Negro. Between the most highly developed animal souls and the lowest developed human souls, there exist only a small quantitative, but no qualitative difference, and this difference is much less than the difference between the lowest and highest human souls, or than the difference between the highest and the lowest animal souls. In disposition, the Australian aborigines are bright, laughter-loving folk, but they are treacherous, untruthful and hold human life cheaply. They have no great physical courage. They are mentally in the condition of children. None of them have an idea of what the West calls moral, except the simple one of right or wrong arising out of property. The mentality of the Australian aborigines really places them nearly on a level with the apes. It is found that a backward culture, such as that of the natives of Australia, has much more substance, and affords wider scope of mental activity.

The article focuses on the freshwater ecological studies conducted in eastern Panama and northwest Colombia. These studies were designed to acquire the necessary data for the evaluation and prediction of the potential radiation dose to indigenous populations in regions proposed for sea-level canal nuclear excavations. An analysis of the ecosystem is considered the most realistic method of estimating the potential radiation dose to human populations living in or near the likely fallout contamination areas. However, there are more conservative but still acceptable approaches to this method of analysis, including the specific activity concept and the concentration factor concept.

The article presents a human ecology study for the human groups inhabiting the eastern region of the Republic of Panama. It outlines the probable total human population in the area. The area's human population were divided into five groups, namely San Blas Cuna Indians, Cuna Indians in the upper Chucunaque river and the upper Bayano river, Choco Indians, Negroes and mestizos, and colonists from western Panama. The study has compiled infant mortality and death rates and levels of fecundity. The subsistence economy of people in the area depends primarily on agriculture and secondarily on fishing.

Focuses on the clinical aspects of amebiasis with observations on variations in tropical and temperate zones. Effect of the absence of strict and standard criteria of diagnosis and cure in amebiasis on the evaluation of data on amebiasis in North America; Manifestations of Endameba histolytica; Rarity of clinical amebiasis among indigenous population in North Africa; Difficulties experienced by clinicians in treating acute amebic dysentery and extraintestinal amebiasis in tropical areas in Africa.

The article analyzes the assertions of native decadence in New England. The assertion that the native population was dying out were usually based upon examination of the birth rates of certain confined elements of the population of New England, such as the population of Boston, the population represented in genealogical records, or the selected population attending the colleges and universities of New England. It is reported that since early in the twentieth century numerous studies have been made of the fertility of college graduates in the colleges and universities of New England. These studies show a gradual decline in the number of children per married college graduate and indicate that the college graduates were not replacing themselves. The studies, however, do not disclose the relative magnitude of the fertility rates of native and foreign-born women in New England for an extended period of time; nor do they indicate whether the native population of given states or of New England was replacing itself after 1850.

There is much evidence to support the contention that discrimination against the blacks in the Union of South Africa is more far-reaching, more cynical, than in any other self-governing country in the modern world. The Negro in America is at least by law considered a citizen, whose rights are identical with those of any other citizen. The disparity between theory and practice is regarded by men of good will as a blot upon America's honor, so that constant pressure is exerted to abolish discrimination. That goal is far from being achieved, but candor compels the admission that the status of the Negro has, for all its present limitations, enormously improved in the past quarter century. In South Africa, on the other hand, the Native (as he is called) is not a citizen. There is no statement in any official document that he is the equal of the white man, nor any pretense that he has equal rights with whites. He and his fellows constitute a group apart, with special legislation to govern every aspect of their life. With minor exceptions, the Native may not vote, own land, bear arms in defense of his country, enter an occupation of his choice, live where he pleases, nor leave the Union.

The purpose of this article is to present a survey in an ecological context of the livelihood and diet of the Bayano Cuna Indians with emphasis on the importance of native animals in their diet. To achieve the latter greater emphasis is given to hunting and fishing than to other livelihood activities. The Bayano Cuna Reservation Occupies approximately 450 square miles of a humid tropical forest area in eastern Panama. The Indians have discouraged the introduction of modern medicines and medical practices into their territory and are largely dependent upon their medicine men for the treatment of illness.

A count was made of the eccrine sweat glands in 18 areas of skin of both male and female full-blood Australian aborigines. Australian white males and females, of comparable age, were used as controls. A table showing the counts obtained in the various areas is included in the report. The conclusion was reached that while the eccrine sweat glands of the Australian aborigines and the white subjects are about equal in number, the aborigines have larger glands. The aborigines have fewer sebaceous glands and body hairs compared with whites. Some photomicrographs serve to illustrate the text. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the dental impacts of the Philippine Island practice of decorating anterior teeth with gold discs or plugs. The teeth examined are part of a collection at the Museum of Anthropology at the University of Michigan. Several photographs of the gold-decorated teeth are also presented.

Examines the environmental characteristics of aboriginal agricultural lands on Hawaii Island, Hawaii in 1823, as observed by Reverend William Ellis. Perimeters of agricultural zones; Classification of agricultural zones; Comparison of non-irrigated farming to irrigation farming on Hawaii Island in 1823.

Focuses on the problems in the application of the `direct historic approach' to the study of prehistoric-historic continuity in Michigan. Linking of historically-known groups to prehistorically unknown groups; Disruption in the native population resulting from European contact with Indians in the Northeast and Canadian Southeast.

Reports on the study of the Canadian Indian and the reconstruction of his story in a way which shows parallels with colonial experience of other non-Western indigenous peoples. Aspects of the contact situation such as messianism, missions and disease; Creation of cultures within the context of independent political entities.

A survey of the oral health of 307 aborigines and Torres Strait Islanders living in settlements in far North Queensland was conducted to assess their needs, to recommend priorities in preventive and curative programs and to establish a baseline for future review. It has been commonly believed that aborigines and Torres Strait Islanders have a lower prevalence of dental caries than other Queenslanders. This may have been true in the past, but findings show that the children now parallel their cohorts in the Queensland County Districts Survey. The situation concerning periodontal disease is equally serious, but comparative data are not available because a new method was used. However, the periodontal disease level in the 35- to 44-year-old group demonstrates the poor prospects for children should they retain their dentitions to a similar age.