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An optimized color‐reflective LCD with high optical performances and cost‐effective structure has been proposed by association with cholesteric liquid crystal technology. By way of a color dithering algorithm, the cholesteric liquid crystal display (Ch‐LCD) can visualize a 24‐bit RGB color pixel and display over 16 million colors. Moreover, the waveform module (WF) is applied to emulate the display timing controller, which is a lowcost and more accessible way to drive the Ch‐LCD. In this paper, we demonstrated a 13.3‐inch passive matrix (PM) driven Ch‐LCD with a high resolution of 202 PPI, high reflectance of 30%, and high color gamut of 20%, which is suitable for electronic signage applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital Signage can be quickly updated, greatly enhancing functionality compared to traditional paper signs. Worries about climate change, carbon footprint, energy shortages and light pollution means Signage should be low power with low light pollution. In response, E Ink has developed Kaleido reflective ePaper outdoor displays with good color performance. On a spectrum between paper signs and other forms of full color electronic display Kaleido is much closer to paper signs in power use and lighting impact. Operating temperature range is ‐15°C to 65°C, removing the need for expensive, power hungry heating and cooling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reports on the developments relating to electronic paper, a new display technology which is starting to gain market acceptance. These electronic displays, which are designed to make images and text appear like print on paper, save a huge amount of energy. The applications of electronic paper on ebooks, mobile phones, and signs are discussed.

The authors had developed the origami‐oriented seven‐segment numeric display for aero signage. However our proposed display has a defect that one ends up perceiving wrong messages when he watches them from back side. The keyword of this research is 'invisible.' Suppose that you look Arabic numerals on glass windows. Which does it mean '85' or '28'? You end up watching the mirrored images when you view from back side. So let us make the mirrored image invisible. This is our research goal and motivation. In 2019, the authors proposed the unidirectional observable aero signage using prisms and total internal reflection. This paper shows our one‐way observable sevensegment numeric display which enables to make perfectly transparent view form back side using novel dye‐doped resin blocks without color panels or paints. Moreover the authors describe a unidirectional observable dot matrix display which enables to make transparent view from back side. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our research group has been developing an aero signage display. The word 'aero' means that its image is floating in the air. The authors have noticed that the important technology in aero signage is 'transparent.' Suppose you find out window decals which are put on the glass window of shops. You end up watching the mirrored images if you watch the decals on transparent glass window from inside of the shop. In aero signage, the technique which enables to display unidirectional (or one‐way) observable image(viewing angle control) is very important. Our proposed self‐assembly joint mechanism is one of the essential technology for aero signage which enables to make transparent view from back side. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organic light emitting diodes (OLED) are developing rapidly and provide a huge market potential for signage, lighting and display applications. Cost efficient manufacturing of OLED components on different flexible substrates is under heavy investigation. In this paper focus is on polymer OLEDs and their non-vacuum solution processing using roll-to-roll (R2R) printing techniques. In this paper VTT's R2R manufacturing process capabilities for printed OLED components are presented. Several demonstrator concepts based on printed OLED technology are introduced including; printed OLED elements 1) in a smart package, 2) a 7-segment display integrated in a ID-1 card, 3) an electronics voting card with OLED indicator and 4) a 35 cm2 OLED lighting element printed on glass. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The process of navigating through an environment to reach a desired destination is known as wayfinding. It involves understanding one's current location, determining the desired destination and choosing a path to get there. Wayfinding design plays a significant role in enabling users to navigate an environment with ease and reach their desired destinations in a timely manner. However, poorly designed wayfinding systems can lead to confusion, stress and insecurity, which negatively impacts the user experience. This research paper explores the concept of wayfinding in educational buildings limited to universities, and its potential to enhance the user experience of students, faculty and visitors. Wayfinding can be a challenging task in large and complex buildings such as educational institutions. The study investigates the different factors that can affect wayfinding in educational buildings, including signage, lighting, spatial layout and technology. The paper presents case studies of two university buildings to investigate how a wayfinding system can improve user experience. The findings show that efficient wayfinding can improve the user experience greatly by reducing confusion, boosting efficiency and increasing overall happiness. The paper concludes with guidelines for educational institutions to improve wayfinding in their buildings with the help of signages and enhance user experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An 'evaporation printing' process for making active-matrix backplanes has been used to manufacture electrophoretic display modules for electronic shelf labels (ESLs). Recent advances in the evaporation printing manufacturing process enables ESLs to be more competitive in the marketplace of signage and point-of-sale displays. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Despite the issuance of standardized garbage classification signage, the rate of garbage classification in China remains low. We conducted a pair of laboratory experiments to explore the cognitive processing differences between abstract (including recyclables, hazardous garbage, and food signs) and concrete (including paper, plastic, glass, metal, textiles, batteries, household chemicals, tubes, and food signs) classification signs. We tested a nudging strategy to enhance garbage classification behavior. In Experiment 1, we divided garbage classification signs into two conditions: an abstract condition (comprising abstract signs) and a concrete condition (comprising concrete signs). The Go/No Go task was used to simulate garbage classification behavior. Participants were instructed to press a key when the garbage stimulus matched the classification signs (Go condition) and to refrain from pressing the key when there was a mismatch (No Go condition). The results showed that responses under the concrete condition were expedited compared to those under the abstract condition. This suggests that concrete signage requires less cognitive exertion, thereby enhancing the efficiency of waste classification. In Experiment 2, we optimized the existing bin signage, which predominantly featured abstract signs (traditional condition), and transformed it into a bin signage that emphasized concrete classification signs. These concrete signs were strategically positioned on the upper part of the bins to draw attention (nudging condition). The results suggested that the nudging condition required fewer cognitive resources than the traditional condition, which in turn increased the efficiency of processing garbage classification. This study not only validates the effects of concreteness in garbage classification but also provides effective nudge strategies to complement existing garbage classification management policy tools in a realistic Chinese context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on an addition to the papers of American art gallery owner Richard Kuhlenschmidt at the Archives of American Art, which include photographs of letters from Las Vegas, Nevada casino signage. The author provides a brief biography of Kuhlenschmidt and discusses the gallery operated by Kuhlenschmidt and Tim Jancar in an apartment in Los Angeles, California, and the gallery he operated with Joan Simon Menkes in West Hollywood, California.

Before the 1990s, the phenomenon of organizational improvisation (OI) as a distinct process was poorly understood and undertheorized in the organization theory, management, and strategy literatures, in spite of its pervasive occurrence in practice and its impressionistic mentions in interesting work. As editors of the recent Routledge Companion to Organizational Improvisation, we believe that ongoing phenomenon-focused work that builds on granular data and unexpected discoveries represents a crucial ongoing frontier for OI research. In this Guidepost, we illustrate the crucial role of phenomenon-focused research activities in the early exploration and ongoing work to understand OI, and flag four especially promising areas for ongoing discoveries: premises, practical skills, outcomes, and micro-processes. For each, we highlight specific issues where new exploratory work – drawing on quantitative and qualitative data—can offer a springboard to new, impactful understanding and action. This essay is a companion to Karl Weick's recent Guidepost where he reflects on the 30th anniversary of his 1993 ASQ Mann Gulch Disaster paper, which played a key role in legitimizing deeper scholarly attention to OI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wayfinding signage is an intermediary public facility that coordinates the relationship between space and people, and it is crucial to help people find their way in complex indoor environments. In people's cognitive behaviour towards wayfinding signs, the visual salience of the signs is the prerequisite and key to ensuring their effective operation. This paper aims to review published research articles on the effect of indoor environments on the saliency of wayfinding signs. The literature review was conducted by PICO methodology to formulate the research question and develop search strategies. Relevant research articles were identified by systematically searching electronic databases, including Web of Science, ScienceDirect, ProQuest, and EBSCO. This paper summarises two categories of factors influencing signage salience: (1) floor plan factors and (2) environmental factors. This study examined and condensed the attributes of wayfinding signage and their impact on how pedestrians perceive visuals while navigating. Exploring the elements that influence the visual prominence of indoor signs enhances our comprehension of how pedestrians engage with visually guided information indoors. Furthermore, this offers a theoretical foundation for the realm of indoor wayfinding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Suppose that you look Arabic numerals on transparent glass windows or in the air. Which does it mean '85' or '28'? You end up watching the mirrored images when you view from back side. So let us make the mirrored image invisible. This paper shows a one‐way observable display for aero signage whose images are floating in the air. To solve mirrored image problems of an aero signage, our research group has utilized dye‐doped prisms and total internal reflection in optics. You know that water is generally colorless and transparent but the water in a bath tub is little blue. The color changes depending on the depth of water. The deeper, the darker water becomes blue. This is the reason why some color is generated in the dye‐doped material. In 2021, we presented a one‐way observable display using letterings made by intaglio printings for arranging dye‐doped tiny prisms on a glass window. You can watch these colored letterforms from front and transparent pixels from back. But this 2021 model has a little defect that colors are less vivid because of color generating mechanism using transparent materials for one‐way observing. In this paper, the authors show special designed optical prisms which are doped with dye and pigments to avoid the semitransparent problem that means colors are not vivid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents information on the safety lessons for a third-grade acid-base exploration. The lessons started with a scientific question in which by demonstrating the use of pH indicator paper, it was to show that ordinary household vinegar was an acid. The first lesson was that because not all the properties of vinegar are known by the students, they should wear eye protection and gloves, and also a Material Safety Data Sheet should always be available with them. Another lesson was that when working with vinegar in a science investigation in class, goggles and gloves are needed. Later, a visit of a representative of the fire department was also arranged, so that he can talk to the class about chemical wastes. Children were also advised to make "Chemical Safety" posters to illustrate the safe handling of chemicals. In some of the areas, the fire department requested copies of a school's chemical inventory so that they can be prepared for any accident. On the basis of this experience, it was observed that it is never too early to introduce young children to chemistry lab safety concepts like never tasting or touching unknown substances, no matter how harmless they may seem to be.

The road transport system is expanding considerably in developing countries. Villages are connecting to major cities for business, education, health, and many other reasons because of road development and smooth transportation. There has been a rise in the number of road accidents observed, caused by abruptly appearing dividers on roads and a lack of required signage systems. This paper discusses scenarios of accidents due to such abruptly appearing dividers and offers a strategy to design appropriate signage to avoid road accidents in the future. It has been observed that permanent or movable arbitrary fixtures, such as a barricade or a small partition block wall, are installed to separate lanes, in addition to white-colored stripes that are typically employed for lane separation on roads. These fixtures, although they are intended as lane-dividing solutions on roads, cause serious, and at times, fatal accidents, due their sudden, uninitiated appearance on the road. To address this problem, alternative signage designs were designed and tested on Indian roads, based on human cognitive responses and visual attention analysis on signage using an eye-tracking method. In addition, the semantic quality and legibility of alternate signage designs were evaluated using a questionnaire to judge their overall efficacy. Hence, the best signage design solution is proposed for implementation near or before occurrences of road dividers to avoid accidents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper brings an urban communication lens to bear on the geographies of platformisation in cities. It does so by drawing on three select instances of platformised materialities in Toronto and Vancouver that represent familiar contours of urban platformisation: mobility (bike and car sharing), last‐mile logistics (on‐demand delivery), and labour (gig work). These examples are worked through Aiello and Tosoni's heuristic of cities as constituting the mediums, content, and contexts of urban communication, respectively. As mediums, platformised materialities in the form of street signs designate exclusive uses of public space by mobility platforms, communicating the spatial conditions of platform urbanism. As the contents of communication, stickers and signs advertising on‐demand meal delivery available at a restaurant venue express the platform‐driven transformation of the social relations that make the delivered meal take place. And as context, broader trends of the platformisation of labour render communication by other, non‐platform‐based materialities – such as posters calling on urban gig workers to unionise – meaningful. An urban communication perspective contributes to geographical scholarship on platform urbanism by nuancing our understandings of how platforms and platform technology capital secure and sustain themselves in cities through their material communicative capacities. Platforms have established themselves as visible fixtures of urban built environments. The physical forms that platforms assume in cityscapes constitute the mediums, content, and contexts of urban communication. Engaging platforms as expressing material communicative capacities nuances our understanding of how platforms and platform technology capital secure and sustain themselves in cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A floating signage which means optical images are floating in the air is one of the useful ways to attract people's attention. Since 2019, our research group proposed unidirectional observable aerial signage display using thin film layers or dye-dopedoptical prisms to avoid mirrored imaging problem which means observers end up watching wrong messages or images from back side. In this paper, the authors describe the aero signage using quasi-spatial floating image and how to generate floating images using optical illusion and to control light paths. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the public space architecture in urban centers of contemporary cities. Through time cities evolve with a certain traditional profile either spontaneous or planned; correspondingly, urban spaces emerge responding to the current developments, community aspirations, and architectural influences of the era. The study adopts a research methodology of triangulation involving review of theoretical derivatives, legislations for urban aesthetics, and conducting visual surveys of urbanscapes. Three fundamental theories are explored-'Semiotics/Semiology' by Saussure (1916) and Peirce (1902), 'Duck and decorated shed' by Robert Venturi (1972) and 'Urban semiotics' by Kevin Lynch (1960). The premise is investigated with the case of Bangalore (also, Bengaluru) in India; a city which has a rich historical profile while also being one of the progressive cities, resulting in transitions in its urbanscapes profile and existence of two distinct city cores, old and the new. This analysis is ensued by adopting comparative analysis of façades investigated in these two Central Business Districts, with a 'Façade grid' assessment methodology leading to interpretation of varying semiotics in both scenarios. The surveys conducted reveal an interesting semiology in the older and newer nodes reflecting intense objectives of commercial architecture and leads to formulation of a strategic proposal framework for façade architecture and management to reconnect to the use-experiential factors in urban centers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Arcos: Design, Cultura e Visualidade is the property of Editora da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (EdUERJ) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Young Science / Mladá Veda is the property of Vydavatelstvo Universum and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

You end up observing mirrored images of graphic signs when you watch light‐emitting glass tubes from back. So our research group proposed the passive light‐emitting aero signage display which is floating in the air and enables to make transparent view from back side to avoid observing mirrored images in 2020. But this signage display has a defect that it emits no light itself and you cannot observe its signage in the dark night without another light source for illuminating surfaces of the signage display. This paper shows a one‐way observable display for aero signage which enables to make transparent from back side and emits light itself using a lighting guide tube. The authors utilize a cylindrical long transparent acrylic stick as the lighting guide. Our proposed light‐emitting and color generating mechanism realize the one‐way observable imaging which enables to make invisible from back side. You may use connectable or jointable lighting guide blocks instead of the long, unbroken and jointless lighting guide tube such as a cylindrical transparent acrylic stick. This paper also describes a one‐way observable display for aero signage which enables to joint pixel modules having optical lighting guide block and emits light itself using this lighting guide. The connectable lighting guide blocks reconstruct the unidirectional imaging which enables to emit lights and make invisible from back. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Window signage or signs are a cost‐effective way to attract attention from streets. But these window displays have a defect that one observes the mirrored text and graphics from opposite side. It stands to reason that someone observes mirrored images according to the direction of viewing if you draw something on the transparent material. Our research group presented one‐way observable monochrome signage display in 2019 and the color signage in 2020 to avoid this mirrored image problem. However the authors were not satisfied with our proposed display systems which provide only static images. This paper shows one‐way observable window signage using water drops for active imaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Tertium Linguistic Journal / Pólrocznik Jezykoznawczy Tertium is the property of Cracow Tertium Society for the Promotion of Language Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

As an important part of the scenic area infrastructure services, signage guiding system plays an indispensable role in guiding the way and improving the quality of tourism experience. This paper proposes an optimal method in signage location selection and direction content design in a scenic area based on geographic analysis. The object of the research is to provide a best solution to arrange limited guiding boards in a tourism area to show ways arriving at any scenic spot from any entrance. There are four steps to achieve the research object. First, the spatial distribution of the junction of the scenic road, the passageway and the scenic spots is analyzed. Then, the count of scenic roads intersection on the shortest path between all entrances and all scenic spots is calculated. Next, combing with the grade of the scenic road and scenic spots, the importance of each road intersection is estimated quantitatively. Finally, according to the importance of all road intersections, the most suitable layout locations of signage guiding boards can be provided. In addition, the method is applied in the Ming Tomb scenic area in China and the result is compared with the existing signage guiding space layout. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article clears a path for employing the affirmative way of interpreting Kant's general theory of religion as a guidepost for twenty-first century religious practitioners. Before attempting such an employment, I correct several misconceptions regarding the affirmative way of interpreting Kant's theory that, if adopted as mainstream, would risk weakening its universal applicability. With this purpose in mind, I consider and respond to a misplaced criticism of my interpretation of Kant's theory of grace, advanced by Douglas McGaughey in 2013. I then assess the current state of a debate that has arisen between several key affirmative interpreters, concerning Kant's reference to the two "experiments" that guide the argument in his Religion. I give special attention to Lawrence Pasternack's 2017 attempt to "dismantle" this whole line of interpretation as one that "may very well not be worth our time." After identifying several serious flaws in Pasternack's argument, I conclude by backing a better alternative developed by Brandon Love. By clearing away two very different sorts of potential roadblocks that could stand in the way of a reader of Kant gaining a fair understanding of the affirmative approach to interpreting his theory of religion, these arguments prepare the way for a concluding attempt to catch a glimpse of how Kant's theory of religious judgment (especially his four guidelines for designing the constitution of a church), if adopted widely by practitioners of various historical religions, could benefit the fractured world we find ourselves in, a quarter of the way through the twenty-first century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The investigation of linguistic landscapes (LL) among the Arab community in downtown Brooklyn, New York City, is an underserved public space in the literature. This research focused on social and commercial or 'bottom-up signs' in LL to understand their purpose, origin and target audience. Drawing upon discourse analysis, the study was conceptualized according to the principles of border theory and geosemiotics. The latter was used to analyze the data, which consisted of random photographs of shopfronts in Brooklyn taken with a digital camera during the summer of 2016. The three semiotic aggregates used for analysis consisted of interaction order, visual and place semiotics. The data analysis showed the multi-layered nature of LL in this urban community and the subjectiveness of spatial borders through a combination of text and symbolic imagery. The paper highlights the importance of commercial signs in the LL among ethnic minority communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Written verbal expressions displayed in urban spaces offer valuable insights into a city's identity from the perspectives of those who live there and have an urgent need to express themselves publicly but anonymously. In accordance with the bottom-up approach of linguistic landscape studies (Ben-Rafael et al. 2006), the paper presents the author's pilot research project investigating the Brno linguistic environment in which vernacular street signage found in the neighborhoods of Židenice and Střed are documented and categorized according to their functional, visual and distributional aspects. In addition to outlining the signage typology, the paper attempts to answer the question of how these messages and their locations reflect the reputations of the two districts and how they participate in the discursive construction of Brno's urban spaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Annals for Istrian & Mediterranean Studies / Annales: Series Historia et Sociologia is the property of Historical Society of Southern Primorska of Koper and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

It stands to reason that someone observes mirrored imaging according to the direction of viewing if you draw something on the transparent material. The authors dislike this mirrored imaging problem, although it is not a fatal defect. In 2021, our research group proposed window signage using dye‐doped thin film layer to avoid this problem of mirrored imaging. But our 2021 model had a defect that the transparency of a glass window with half mirror layer was less than the general glass material without half mirror because of image generating mechanism. To solve this "reflect surroundings" problem, we needed to find new technology for generating color using a transparent material. This paper shows a unidirectional observable window signage using holographic imaging or holographic optical elements for unidirectional color generating by light controls, how to make structural colors using holographic recording technology and material development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Suppose that you look Arabic numerals on transparent glass windows or in the air. Which does it mean '85' or '28'? You end up watching the mirrored images when you view from back side. So let us make the mirrored image invisible. To solve mirrored image problems of an aero signage which means images are floating in the air, our research group has utilized dye‐doped prisms and total internal reflection in optics. You know that water is generally colorless and transparent but the water in a bath tub is little blue. The color changes depending on the depth of water. The deeper, the darker water becomes blue. This is the reason why some color is generated in the dye‐doped material. In 2021, we presented a unidirectional observable display using letterings made by intaglio printings for arranging dye‐doped tiny prisms on a glass window. You can watch these colored letterforms from front and transparent pixels from back. But this 2021 model has a little defect that colors are less vivid because of color generating mechanism by twice reflection in conventional optical prisms using transparent materials for making transparent from back side. In this paper, the authors show an aero signage display using dye‐doped corner cube prisms which can lengthen light paths in the prism by multi‐times reflections to avoid the semi‐transparent problem which means colors are not vivid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Social & Cultural Geography is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The process of navigating through an environment to reach a desired destination is known as wayfinding. It involves understanding one's current location, determining the desired destination and choosing a path to get there. Wayfinding design plays a significant role in enabling users to navigate an environment with ease and reach their desired destinations in a timely manner. However, poorly designed wayfinding systems can lead to confusion, stress and insecurity, which negatively impacts the user experience. This research paper explores the concept of wayfinding in educational buildings limited to universities, and its potential to enhance the user experience of students, faculty and visitors. Wayfinding can be a challenging task in large and complex buildings such as educational institutions. The study investigates the different factors that can affect wayfinding in educational buildings, including signage, lighting, spatial layout and technology. The paper presents case studies of two university buildings to investigate how a wayfinding system can improve user experience. The findings show that efficient wayfinding can improve the user experience greatly by reducing confusion, boosting efficiency and increasing overall happiness. The paper concludes with guidelines for educational institutions to improve wayfinding in their buildings with the help of signages and enhance user experience.

Copyright of On the W@terfront is the property of University of Barcelona, Centre de Recerca POLIS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

With the accelerating process of internationalization, China and the world become more and more inseparable. There are a growing number of foreigners coming to China for work and travel. Therefore, the translation of public signs is particularly important. It not only brings convenience to the tourists in China, but also helps to raise china's image as a great power. Public signs are a special applied literary form, which is an important part of social terms. Its social functions are self-evident. Generally speaking, Public signs are the written and graphic information that can guide people's behavior and is featured by indication, prompt, constraint and coerciveness. As a new mode of research, eco-translatology tries to depict and interpret the process of translation from the perspective of ecology, which is also the feature that eco-translatology differentiates it from the previous studies. Through combining the translation with its surrounding environment, readers can get a better understandable version. This paper employs the method of case study. By analyzing the errors existing in public sign translation, the author gives a better solution under the guidance of eco-translatology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper asks how language and other semiotic resources are deployed in the semiotic landscape of Thai restaurants in the city of Hamburg, Germany. Based on detailed multimodal analysis of signage in twelve restaurants, this study draws on both established and underexplored topics in Linguistic Landscape scholarship, including the analysis of sign-genres, the distinction between communicative and symbolic functions of signs, the role of language choice in authenticating place, and the emplacement of signs in the semiotic landscape. A scheme for the classification of restaurant signs by discourse function and emplacement is proposed. The findings suggest that the analytical distinctions between inside and outside space as well as primary and secondary signs are useful for the study of restaurants and other commercial semiotic spaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A stereoscopic imaging or holography is a useful technology for a 3D display. These 3D imaging technologies can reconstruct floating volumetric spatial images fly off a displaying screen or a hologram. However a floating and popping up area of reconstructing 3D images is narrow, and the area is restricted between viewing positions and the display or hologram. If you want to make the lengths of popping ups fly off the displaying or holographic screen long, it is necessary to prepare a gigantic displaying unit with the large screen. But such an argument is nonsense even if we can realize such a stupid idea with costing a huge amount of money. To solve these problems, the authors have been starting researches for developing optical unit systems composed of virtual lenses, mirrors or diffusing screens which are virtually arranged and floating in the air. In this paper, the authors describe an aerial reflection screen using soapy water or thin films for aero signage which is floating in the air and enables to make images invisible from back. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Srpska Pravna Misao is the property of University Banja Luka, Faculty of Law and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Although fauna crossing structures have been installed throughout the world, most studies have been of underpasses and overpasses. Canopy-bridges, however, have received much less attention. In addition, although exclusion fencing is used extensively, its effectiveness has rarely been assessed. Since 2015, Moreton Bay Regional Council (MBRC), in southern Queensland, Australia, has installed various mitigation structures at 21 sites. This study compared the use of different designs of canopy-bridge and assessed the effectiveness of exclusion fencing via camera monitoring and roadkill records. A total of 3151 detections of five arboreal species were made on the canopy-bridges at an average of 0.51 crossings per day for both rope cages and rope ladders and 0.64 on rope cages and 0.77 on rope ladders when a poorly used bridge of each type was excluded. A single aluminium ladder had 33 crossings (0.15 crossings per day) but was available for only a short time. Roadkill rates of all species declined by 84% at sites with underpasses and fencing compared to 93% at sites without, but only 39% at control sites. This may be due to the canopy-bridges or the addition of complementary infrastructure, such as signage, pavement stencilling and driver awareness. This paper aims to determine the most effective fauna rope crossing type and the benefits of fauna fencing, using images from cameras, as well as recorded roadkill and koala hits. Fauna movements were statistically similar on cage rope crossings and rope ladders. Roadkill rates of all species declined by 84% at sites with underpasses and fencing compared to 93% at sites without, but only 39% at control sites. This may be due to the canopy-bridges or the addition of complementary infrastructure, such as signage, pavement stencilling and driver awareness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Public places like student dorms consist of many sections positioned on different locations of the dormitory complex. Wayfinding signage based on pictograms can be a useful tool for navigating visitors through the dorm area. In this paper, three sets of wayfinding pictograms are designed and tested. The sets consisted of twelve pictograms for indoor and outdoor signage. They were evaluated by the student population who rated the guessablity of the signs and provided the explanation for their ratings. Three the worst-rated pictograms were redesigned according to participants' responses and generated better effects on the target audience. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of testing wayfinding signs during the early design stages and stress the importance of the communication between designers and users. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Overhead guide sign lighting has been used by many agencies to improve visibility. However, the availability of newer and more efficient retroreflective materials has created a new challenge for state transportation agencies going through sign sheeting upgrade programs and considering the need for using sign lighting, as there is no existing answer regarding whether upgraded sign sheeting itself can meet drivers' nighttime visibility demands without external sign lighting. The purpose of the paper is to investigate whether high intensity reflective sheeting can be used to replace overhead guide sign lighting. The conclusion of the study provided a guidance for agencies to adopt their current sign lighting policy. A luminance computation model is used in the paper to calculate overhead guide sign legend luminance under various situations, including different sign lighting technologies, different geometrics and overhead guide sign locations, and different amounts of sign dirt and sign aging. By comparing the calculated luminance of a specific overhead guide sign at a specific situation with the legibility luminance levels required by older drivers, sign lighting needs are assessed. In addition, a life-cycle cost spreadsheet is developed and used to calculate the cost of replacing the current sign sheeting with high reflective sheeting and the cost of installing/upgrading sign lighting. Eventually, the most cost effective approach to maintain overhead guide luminance is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, I show that immigration consulting agencies in the Doaba region of Punjab, India, mobilise the imaginary of the 'West' as a place to be successful and modern in order to sell their services. My focus is on the design of promotional materials created by the agencies that are well integrated into the visual landscape of this region. Thus I analyse this imaginary as presented in banners, posters, and signboards. The visual data is complemented with semi structured interviews conducted with staff and owners at the agencies, ethnographic observations as well as information gleaned from the agencies' websites. The study is novel in its exploration of the visual environment in pre-migration contexts where international migration is portrayed as a central path to prosperity. It is exploratory in nature and raises many questions for future researchers to pursue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a novel aerial 3D display that forms an aerial image augmented in the real space with DS3D (directional scattering 3D) display. The aerial image is formed with AIRR (aerial imaging by retro‐reflection) in see‐through structure. We have demonstrated presenting the position of the aerial image to observers in an easy‐to‐understand method by pointing the position of the aerial image with the arrow of the 3D image. Furthermore, observers can view the aerial image and the real world behind the beam splitter at the same time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Signposts make complex documents more flexible and easier to read; signposts exist in many forms, but are familiar as cross references and as hypertext links. Signposting systems need to be carefully designed, so that they are reliable, easy to use for readers yet convenient for authors to embed in their writing. There are fundamental problems in achieving good signposting, which this paper explores through cross-referencing in the popular medium of LaTeX, which is often the typesetting system of choice for heavily cross-referenced documents. This paper provides an implementation of cross references for LaTeX users. Problems with LaTeX and TeX arise, and are explored and mostly solved: some problems are due to the designs of these systems, but, crucially, some problems are unavoidable, an inevitable part of signposting in principle, whatever systems are used, even including the web. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]