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Walter Benjamin's criticisms of dwelling and the modern interior are well known. The middle classes retreated from the alienation of nineteenth-century city life into domestic seclusion, surrounding themselves with soft furnishings in a search for comfort. In Living Rooms (2022), Sam Johnson-Schlee uses objects typically found in the living room or lounge as his starting point for the development of Benjamin's ideas. Recognising the labour invested in domestic commodities would allow us to realise our dreams of connecting with others and escaping the confines of capitalism like roots breaking out of a plant pot. The personal observations used to support the arguments reflect the experience of Generation Rent. They inform an attempt to relate IKEA's 1996 'Chuck out that chintz!' advert to crucial changes in the British housing market. The emphasis on labour largely sidelines household labour and its gendering, with the exception of the activities of 'cleanfluencer' Mrs. Hinch. The link between domestic commodities and our longing for intimacy is effectively depicted using a combination of historical research, cultural references and family stories. Plants and flowers are used throughout to illustrate specific arguments and to serve as a symbol of a different, and better, life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although native to Australia, Eucalyptus species are found throughout Europe. At present, they are located mainly in the Iberian Peninsula and Eucalyptus globulus is the most commonly planted species. Climate forecasts anticipate an expansion of Eucalyptus to other regions of Europe. The fast growth of E. globulus, together with its resprouting ability and wood properties, has promoted the use of this species in the Iberian Peninsula. The total volume of E. globulus harvested there was close to 14 million m3 in 2019. Eucalyptus species represent the main source of raw material for the pulp and paper industries and provide an important source of income to non-industrial owners. Being exotic fast-growing trees, their expansion has also been associated with negative environmental impacts. The species therefore poses a series of challenges, while also generating opportunities. The objectives of this review paper are: (1) to summarize the importance of Eucalyptus plantations in Europe; (2) to analyse the opportunities and challenges of this genus in present and future plantations in Europe; (3) to assess to what extent forest management, at both stand and landscape levels, can reduce negative impacts; (4) to make policy and management recommendations that may support the use of this genus in other European regions. These aims are accomplished based on a thorough literature review, particularly focused on research developed in the Iberian Peninsula. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the growing intersection between sustainability and organisational learning, current empirical research offers limited understanding of specific ways in which an industry learns to be sustainable. This paper explores industry sustainability from an organisational learning perspective in the Eyre Peninsula's fishing industry in Australia. Drawing on organisational learning literature, it argues that a better understanding of how an industry pursues sustainability is necessary if we explore the specific ways in which they learn. The findings from our analysis of data from interviews with 54 participants support and underscore the importance of learning through social networks and interactions, observation, experimentation, experiences and formal education in order to adopt socially, economically and environmentally sustainable practices. To develop a sustainable industry, managers and stakeholders should explore the specific ways in which they learn. This paper advances current studies that seek to understand industry commitment towards sustainability from an organisational learning perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the international conference "Court Culture Exchanges between the Courts of the Iberian Peninsula and the Habsburg Netherlands (15th-16th centuries)." Topics include discussions on court structure and ceremonial and relationships between court and city, images of power and portraits, as well as the reception of Iberian communities in the Low Countries courts and Flemish communities in Iberian courts.

In the event of a conflict or contingency on the Korean Peninsula, one of the five People’s Liberation Army (PLA) theater commands is responsible for implementing China’s military strategy and operations in Korea—the Northern Theater Command (NTC). What capabilities does China deploy to the NTC? How does it compare to the other theater commands? And do NTC’s military capabilities change the existing balance of power on the Korean Peninsula? Using the most up-to-date data, this paper offers, first, a theater-level comparative analysis of the PLA and, second, a quantitative assessment of how China’s NTC capabilities affect the military balance of power between North Korea on the one hand, and South Korea and the U.S. Forces Korea on the other. Of PLA’s five theater commands, the paper finds that the NTC has maintained the largest and heaviest ground force, the largest air force, and the second most powerful naval fleet. When NTC military capabilities are added to the existing military balance between North Korean forces and the U.S.– South Korean alliance forces, the United States and South Korea’s air supremacy is challenged and naval dominance is overturned. This is especially the case in the West Sea of Korea, the Yellow Sea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Idealkent: Journal of Urban Studies is the property of Idealkent and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper examines the impact of national security threats on a nation's economic growth and fiscal policy based on a case study of the Korean peninsula. I construct four measures of provocations using a newly-assembled list of North Korean provocative events going back to 1960. The results show that the overall impact of North Korean provocations on South Korea's short-run economic growth is negligible. Since inter-Korean relations have gone through four phases, this paper also estimates the impact of provocations over each subperiod. Provocations had a significant impact on South Korea's economic growth during 1960-1970 and 1992-1997 when inter-Korean tensions were high, but the effects took on different signs. While provocations decreased South Korea's economic growth during 1992-1997, it had a positive impact on South Korea's macroeconomy before 1970. This paper provides evidence that the effect of national security threats may vary with the responses from the government and political factors such as the relation between the targeted country and the country that inflicts the threat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: In this paper, we present the zooarchaeological and taphonomic study of a new Bronze Age site in the inland of the Iberian Peninsula. This study represents a significant contribution within the studied area, as it analyses the Pista de Motos faunal collection, one of the few representative samples from this period. This paper significantly contributes to completing the scarce information available for the Bronze Archaeology in the Middle Tagus Valley, located inland of the Iberian Peninsula. The Bronze Age zooarchaeological research for the interior and other regions of the Iberian Peninsula is currently limited. Despite several sites with known zooarchaeological profiles from the period, the main issue is that most of these derive from fragmentary and unrepresentative faunal records or are biased profiles from old excavations. New work has yielded novel zooarchaeological results in recent years that could help fill the existing zooarchaeological information gap in the Iberian inland, particularly in the Middle Tagus Valley. However, these projects are in the initial research stages and have not published much of their results. This paper presents the zooarchaeological profile of the Pista de Motos Bronze Age site to help fill this information gap. It analyses the taxonomic representation, skeletal profiles, and human activity patterns associated with faunal use. These observations suggest that animal exploitation at the site followed two primary purposes. One was linked to economic activities, mainly to obtain meat, milk, wool, or animal labour. The other was probably associated with symbolic-ritual practices suggested by the complete animal burials in some excavated units. We contextualise these interpretations with evidence from other Bronze Age sites in the Middle Tagus Valley. Finally, the paper assesses to what extent Pista de Motos is a relevant site for the zooarchaeology of the Bronze Age in the Iberian inland. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent geodetic measurements have detected recurrent slow slip events (SSEs) in many subduction zones. Numerical simulations suggest that the recurrence intervals and magnitudes of such SSEs decrease in the later stage of the interseismic period. Therefore, activities of SSEs and their temporal variations in recurrence intervals and magnitudes provide important clues for evaluating future large earthquakes. However, our knowledge of recurrent SSEs before the establishment of dense observation networks is limited. Here, we report a possible SSE in 1973 beneath the Kii peninsula along the Nankai subduction zone, southwest Japan, where magnitude 8 class earthquakes such as the 1944 Tonankai and 1946 Nankai earthquakes repeatedly occur. The possible SSE was detected by a horizontal pendulum tiltmeter installed in 1947 at the Kishu observatory. We recovered and converted the original tilt records from 1969 to 1974 drawn on bromide (light sensitive) papers to digital tilt records. In late-November 1973, there was a slow transient signal down to the northeast of about 1.4 μrad, lasting about 1–3 days. Assuming this crustal deformation was due to an SSE, we searched for a possible fault model by adopting the already-known SSE models occurring from 1996 to 2012 as template models. Among the 42 template fault models, five models were able to qualitatively explain the direction of the observed tilt change. The centroids of these fault models were located about 30–60 km to the west of the observatory. In the source region, two magnitude 5 class earthquakes occurred before the initiation of the transient signal, and thus may be related to the occurrence of the possible SSE. In contrast, the magnitude of the calculated tilt change was about 1–2 order smaller than that of the observed tilt change. This discrepancy could be partly explained by a slip amount larger than that in the template models, which suggests that the possible SSE in 1973 was larger than those detected by recent observations. Further investigation of historical data on crustal deformation will reveal more about the temporal change in the recurrence intervals and magnitudes of SSEs during earthquake cycles of large earthquakes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper documents the occurrence of the genus Umbilicaria in the Argentine Islands–Kyiv Peninsula region of the Graham Coast in the maritime Antarctic. The presence of seven Umbilicaria species (U. africana, U. antarctica, U. aprina, U. decussata, U. kappenii, U. nylanderiana and U. umbilicarioides) in the ice-free areas of the Argentine Islands–Kyiv Peninsula region were confirmed. The species of U. africana and U. aprina are documented from the studied region for the first time. This study moves the southern distribution limit of U. africana about 300 km to the south: to the Argentine Islands–Kyiv Peninsula region. The distribution maps of Umbilicaria species for the studied region and maritime Antarctica are prepared. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose--This paper examines how economic sanctions imposed on the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK) by the United Nations and the United States, which has taken additional measures to ban DPRK's economic activities in order to pressure the regime into denuclearization, may have an adverse effect on the prospect of reunification in the Korean Peninsula. Design/Methodology/Approach--A critical evaluation of the current situation in the Peninsula through rational choice perspective. This paper proposes a solution that may promote the future of reunification in accordance with the modernization theory of democratization. Findings--This paper finds that economic sanctions can discourage the prospect of reunification for two main reasons: (1) sanctions put strains on the DPRK's economy, but not enough for the regime to surrender its nuclear weapons; and (2) UN sanctions have intrinsic monitoring and implementation issues. Practical Implications--The findings from this paper might be useful for policymakers as an alternative outlook on the issue of reunification; and thus, might reshape the approach to negotiation. Originality/Value--This paper offers an alternative perspective about economic sanctions, which are one of the most used instruments of coercion/manipulation in the realm of international relations. Moreover, it also offers a more good- natured approach to reunification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mathematical algorithms relate satellite data of ocean color with the surface Chlorophyll-a concentration (Chl-a), a proxy of phytoplankton biomass. These mathematical tools work best when they are adapted to the unique bio-optical properties of a particular oceanic province. Ocean color algorithms should also consider that there are significant differences between datasets derived from different sensors. Common solutions are to provide different parameters for each sensor or use merged satellite data. In this paper, we use satellite data from the Copernicus merged product suite and in situ data from the southernmost part of the California Current System to test two widely used global algorithms, OCx and CI, and a regional algorithm, CalCOFI2. The OCx algorithm yielded the most favorable results. Consequently, we regionalized it and conducted further testing, leading to significant improvements, especially in eutrophic and oligotrophic waters. The database was then separated according to (a) dynamic boundaries in the area, (b) bio-optical properties, and (c) climatic conditions (El Niño/La Niña). Regional algorithms were obtained and tested for each partition. The Chl-a retrievals for each model were tested and compared. The best fit for the data was for the regional algorithms that considered the climatic conditions (El Niño/La Niña). These results will allow for the construction of consistent regionally adapted time series and, therefore, will demonstrate the importance of El Niño/La Niña events on the bio-optical properties of the area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article reviews the literature covering the period from 1965 to 2020 dedicated to the issue of artificial beach nourishment along the Polish coast, with a particular focus on the Hel Peninsula. The primary sources used in this work include 34 reports from unpublished case studies and projects implemented by the Department of Maritime Hydrotechnics, Maritime Institute in Gdańsk, between 1971 and 2020. This paper also presents detailed information about the total fill volume in cubic meters of dredged material deposited along the Polish coast and lagoon shores in 1980–2020. During these 40 years, approximately 40.5 million m3 of sediment was deposited along the Polish coast and lagoon shores. Particular consideration was given to beach fills along the Hel Peninsula, which was at actual risk of breaking in its basal and central sections after intense storms at the turn of 1988 and 1989. The survey materials collected enabled the assessment of the coastal morphodynamics of the peninsula under the Coastal Protection Program through the prism of changes in the fill volume along the coastal sections, which were replenished with material coming from submarine deposits. The peninsula's stability was also assessed, taking into account the ongoing climate change. Moreover, this article discusses the proposed rules and terms for protecting the Polish coast by way of artificial nourishment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite significant progress in Arctic geological studies, a number of principal questions concerning the Paleozoic collisional events remain unanswered. Therefore, the Taimyr Peninsula, representing the only outcropped high Arctic region where magmatic complexes, formed by Hercynian collision between the Siberian Craton and the Kara Block, are well exposed, is crucially important. In this paper we report new geochemical and geochronological data for intrusions in the poorly studied northeastern part of the Taimyr Peninsula. The obtained results in combination with published data show that supra-subduction magmatism at the southern active margin of the Kara Block continued from ca. 345 to 285 Ma (Early Carboniferous to Early Permian), and was followed by a post-collisional magmatic pulse that affected the whole Taimyr across terrane boundaries at ca. 280 Ma in the Early Permian. After cessation of the post-collisional magmatism at ca. 265 Ma, the Taimyr experienced extension, and voluminous magmatic series associated with a Siberian mantle plume were formed between 251 and 228 Ma during the Triassic. The studied post-collisional and plume-related intrusions of the Northeastern Taimyr are generally classified as evolved high-K I-type granites with adakitic affinity. The latter is a regional feature because the majority of the analyzed plume-related granitoids are geochemically similar to high potassium continental adakites. It is suggested that the adakitic geochemical characteristics of the plume-related granitoids resulted from melting of hydrated mafic lower crustal protoliths and were controlled by the source lithology. Comparison of the new results with data available for adjacent areas allows for correlation of terranes on a regional scale and sheds light on the evolution of the Arctic continental margins in general. In the Early–Middle Paleozoic, the Kara Block was part of a continental terrane that formed at the northern edge of Baltica as a result of Neoproterozoic Timanian orogeny. In the Early Carboniferous, the southern margin of Kara turned into an active margin, while its inferred continuation in the eastern Uralian margin of Baltica remained a passive margin until the Early Permian. This discrepancy can be explained by dextral displacement of Kara relative to Baltica that took place in the Early Carboniferous and was later accommodated by the formation of the Taimyr collisional belt in the course of the Early Permian collision between Kara and Siberia. After collision, the Taimyr was incorporated into the northern Eurasian margin as an uplifted block that experienced surface erosion and supplied clastic material in surrounding basins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the assembly of an updated dataset of detrital zircon geochronology and Lu–Hf isotopes for Turkey, Cyprus and Greek peninsula. This first version of the dataset documented 286 samples with detrital zircon U–Pb data and 70 samples with zircon Lu–Hf isotopes from 42 published articles. These samples are mainly distributed in seven geologic‐tectonic units in the Eastern Mediterranean Tethyan region. The compilation of dataset will be periodically accessed in the Deep‐Time Digital Earth repository, containing more updated raw data of (un)published scientific research. We believe that the construction of such a dataset is fundamental to studies of clastic strata and also to understanding of crustal evolution in the Eastern Mediterranean region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper introduces the Special Issue 'Minorities and Grain Trade in Early Modern Europe'. While an area's traditional supply circuits benefitted from satisfactory harvests and a stable food demand, minorities' contribution became crucial during crisis. Due to their commercial networks, facilities, and capital, minorities and their agents were able to cope with market disruption, especially when inflation and the reconfiguration of supply areas rendered 'traditional' grain merchants unable to face the emergency. The papers included in the Special Issue focus on the geographical and financial scope of legal grain-trading minorities' businesses and their degree of specialisation and analyse how political authorities' reliance on minorities to face food scarcity not only represented an economic opportunity for minorities but also contributed to shaping their relationship with public authorities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Applying standard aerosol models for atmospheric correction in nearshore coastal waters introduces significant uncertainties due to their inability to accurately represent aerosol characteristics in these regions. To improve the accuracy of remote sensing reflectance ( R r s ) products in the nearshore waters of the Shandong Peninsula, this study develops an aerosol model based on aerosol data collected from the Mu Ping site in the coastal area of the Shandong Peninsula, enabling tailored atmospheric correction for this specific region. Given the pronounced seasonal variations in aerosol optical properties, monthly aerosol models were developed. The monthly aerosol model is derived using the average values of aerosol microphysical properties. Compared to the standard aerosol model, this model is more effective in characterizing the absorption and scattering characteristics of aerosols in the study area. Corresponding lookup tables for the aerosol model were created and integrated into the NIR-SWIR atmospheric correction algorithm. According to the accuracy evaluation indexes of RMSD, MAE, and UPD, it can be found that the atmospheric correction results of the aerosol model established in this paper are better than those of the standard aerosol model, especially in the 547 nm band. It demonstrates that the new aerosol model outperforms the standard model in atmospheric correction performance. With the increasing availability of aerosol observational data, the aerosol model is expected to become more accurate and applicable to other satellite missions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Musandam peninsula (northern part of the Oman thrust-and-fold belt), although flanked by a foreland basin rich in petroleum resources, has remained so far without a proven play. As part of an exploration project that covered partly the exposed external part of the peninsula made up of mainly Mesozoic carbonate platform, i.e., Arabian (including the equivalents of the producing reservoirs), the study of its outcrops, easily accessible along existing valleys, became the best opportunity to record details far beyond the resolution allowed by seismic surveys or wells and thus, to refine the structural model. The purpose of the paper is to update the general tectonic framework based on novel observations presented as series of outcrop pictures, supplemented with two interpreted seismic lines imaging the subsurface structure. These observations were made in around two hundred points where bed and/or fault/fold axis positions were measured or estimated, eventually modifying an existing geological map. Although it has been generally considered that in Musandam peninsula the fault systems affecting the Arabian platform were related in essence only to the continuing shortening since Late Cretaceous (after the obduction of the Semail ophiolite), the first outcomes of the fieldwork refer to those tectonic events pre-dating the contraction in the foreland plate which have not been previously noticed, namely a widespread Upper Triassic extension followed by inversion and development of a major angular unconformity at the Jurassic base (an equivalent of the "Old Cimmerian phase" encountered elsewhere along former Neo-Tethys margins). Within the newly installed carbonate platform, a second but milder angular unconformity occurs at the Dogger/Liassic boundary. Surprisingly, two ubiquitous ~ 20-m-thick reservoir beds—Upper Triassic and Lower Jurassic—leaked (everywhere accessible) hydrocarbons or hydrogen sulfide odor upon hammering. Other new outcomes are related to the structures and tectonic displacements induced during the shortening period, which appear far more complex and significantly larger than usually interpreted, as documented by series of thrusts making a duplex system, farther coupled within the foredeep to a triangle zone as supported by seismic data; these data also allowed to depict an offshore canyon initiated roughly at the Oligocene base which lies in continuity with a few small Paleogene clastic units cropping out just downstream the northern Musandam valleys (in UAE). The last (Late Miocene) major outcropping structure is a NW–SE-trending long and steep reverse fault running from near the confluence of valleys Shah and Bih in the south, up to at least the western parts of the Tibat and Bukha offshore hydrocarbon fields (Sultanate of Oman) in the north (called herein Bukha-Tibat-Ghalilah-Rahbah fault), which cuts obliquely the former nappe pile. As it appears to be synchronous with the orthogonal, also major, Dibba fault (SE margin of the Musandam platform), but of opposing kinematics (the latter is normal), one can infer that ~ E-W sinistral wrenching had acted upon the peninsula before the shortening was transferred to the Zagros system. Coeval with them or younger, a system of normal faults trending variously around N-S, with throws up to 100 m, was mapped. The main fieldwork results reported in the paper bring significant improvements to the understanding of the Musandam belt by highlighting previously overlooked tectonic events (particularly the early rifting), refining the structural geometry of the successive fault systems and adding new constraints on the regional kinematics and evolution. Furthermore, the onset of the Musandam nappe pile erosion can be placed confidently at around the beginning of the Oligocene, older than previously considered. Through the depiction of the aforementioned reservoir beds and a direct indication of a new perspective in terms of viable source rocks in the subsurface, the accompanying suggestions may trigger a rejuvenation of the prospectivity-oriented research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract—Based on the long-term observations of the wells on the Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky Test Site, the Kamchatka Peninsula, the paper analyzes manifestations of three main types of seismohydrogeological effects—hydrogeological precursors, coseismic pressure jumps and postseismic effects of the vibrational impact of seismic waves in measurements of the pressure and chemical composition of groundwater, depending on the earthquake parameters (magnitude, epicentre distance, intensity of seismic impact in the observation areas). The paper presents data on the earthquakes that were preceded by hydrogeological precursors in several (n = 2–4) wells. It is discussed whether it is possible to use hydrogeological precursors to predict strong earthquakes in Kamchatka. The authors also discuss the results of their experimental use in a real-time environment with weekly reports on the current observational data for the Kamchatka Branch of the Russian Expert Council. By the example of water level observations in YUZ-5 Well, the authors analyzed coseismic jumps in the groundwater pressure due to rupture formation in the sources of local Mw > 6.0 earthquakes and four types of effects of the vibrational impact of seismic waves during local and distant Mw = 6.8–9.3 earthquakes at epicentral distances from 80 to 14600 km; the study demonstrates that such effects depend on the earthquake parameters and the intensity of seismic impact in the well area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On February 28th, 1969, a large earthquake (M SB w sb = 7.8) strokes the Iberian Peninsula and northern Morocco, producing some casualties and important damage and economic losses. This earthquake is the last large earthquake that has occurred in this region, very near where the catastrophic 1755 Lisbon earthquake took place. The paper by Udías ([11]) is a review of large tsunamigenic earthquakes that occurred at SW of Iberia before the 1755 Lisbon earthquake. [Extracted from the article]

Global warming effects in our ecosystems could be offset by reducing carbon emissions and protecting and increasing carbon stocks. Accurate estimates of carbon stocks and fluxes of soil organic carbon (SOC) are thus needed to asses the impact of climate and land-use change on soil C uptake and soil C emissions to the atmosphere. Here, we present an assessment of SOC stocks in woodlands (forest, shrublands and grasslands) of peninsular Spain based on field measurements in more than 900 soil profiles. Estimations of soil C stocks for the 7 796 306 plots of the Spanish Forest Map (24.3 X 106 ha.) were carried out using a statistical model that included, as explanatory variables, vegetation cover, parent material, soil consistency, mean annual temperature, total annual precipitation and elevation, and the influence of spatial correlation. We present what we believe is the most reliable estimation of current SOC in woodlands of peninsular Spain thus far, based on the considered predictors, the high number of profiles and the validity and refinement of the data layers employed. Mean concentration of SOC was 8.8 kgm-2, which is slightly higher than that presented in previous studies. This value corresponds to a total stock of 2574TgSOC, which is four times the amount of carbon estimated to be stored in the biomass of Spanish forests. Climate and vegetation cover were the main variables influencing SOC, with important ecological implications for peninsular Spanish ecosystems in the face of global change. The fact that SOC was positively related to annual precipitation and negatively related to mean annual temperature suggests that future climate change may strongly reduce the potential of Spanish soils as carbon sinks. However, this may be mediated by changes in vegetation cover (e.g., by favouring the development of forests associated to higher SOC values) and threatened by perturbations such as fire. The estimations presented here should improve our capacity to respond to global change by carbon stocks conservation and management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Zephyrus is the property of Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Although aid towards the Northern part of the Korean Peninsula, North Korea, has been delivered for several decades, there have frequently been conflict-related events in the region. What forms of aid could bring peace to the Korean Peninsula? This paper explores cases of aid to conflict-related areas and suggests policy implications for aid to North Korea. The analysis shows that project-type and scholarship-type aid to the humanitarian sector could promote peace. Aid provided by NGOs and research and educational institutions has positive effects on peace, but aid by international organizations has a negative impact on peace. Therefore, aid to North Korea would be more effective for peace on the Korean Peninsula when delivered by NGOs and research and educational institutions and provided as a scholarship or project-type grant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of CIRCULO de Linguistica Aplicada a la Comunicacion is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

We have found 117 taxa of lichenicolous fungi in the studied area. In this paper, we describe five taxa: Arthonia boomiana on Nephromopsis chlorophylla, Lawalreea burgaziana on Platismatia glauca, Pronectria scrobiculatae on Lobarina scrobiculata, Trichonectria parmeliellae on Parmeliella testacea and Trichonectria rubefaciens ssp. cryptoramalinae on Ramalina. Furthermore, the next records are interesting chorologically from the Iberian Peninsula: Arthophacopsis parmeliarum, Catillaria lobariicola, Lichenopuccinia poeltii, Myxotrichum bicolor, Nanostictis christiansenii, Niesslia lobariae, Opegrpaha sphaerophoricola, Pronectria fragmospora, Rhymbocarpus aggregatus, R. neglectus, and Tremella cetrariicola. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper makes use of a combination of FLEXPART‐WRF simulations forced with ERA5 and the CESM2 model—incorporated in the CMIP6 project—to infer a series of changes over the present century in the behavior of the landfalling atmospheric rivers (ARs) arriving to the Iberian Peninsula. In addition, future changes in the intensity and position of their main moisture sources are studied. In overall terms, there is a noticeable increase in the amount of moisture transported by ARs in the study region, particularly accentuated by the end of the century. However, no significant changes in the number of events are observed. A northward shift of both the mean position of the ARs as well as their main sources of moisture is also detected, particularly for the end of the century, and in the summer and fall months. In relation to the latter, an increase in the contribution of moisture contribution is also observed, quantitatively compatible with Clausius‐Clapeyron amplification. Plain Language Summary: This paper makes use of a combination of simulations forced with reanalysis data and a climate model to infer a series of changes over the present century in the behavior of the landfalling atmospheric river—ARs, regions of intense moisture transport located in the lower layers of the atmosphere—arriving at the Iberian Peninsula. In addition, future changes in the intensity and position of their main moisture sources are studied. In overall terms, there is a noticeable increase in the amount of moisture transported by ARs in the study region, particularly accentuated by the end of the century. However, no significant changes in the number of events are observed. A northward shift of both the mean position of the ARs as well as their main sources of moisture is also detected, particularly for the end of the century, and in the summer and fall months. In relation to the latter, an increase in the contribution of moisture contribution is also observed, in a ratio similar to that expected. Key Points: FLEXPART‐WRF forced with CESM2 model has been able to reproduce the historical conditions of Atmospheric River over the Iberian PeninsulaA northward shift of the main source regions is projected, notable in summer and fall and particularly by the end of the centuryGradual strengthening in the intensity of Atmospheric Rivers is expected, observable from an increase in the amount of moisture transported [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we present a comparison of two rural landscapes in the southeast of the Iberian Peninsula, where the dynamics of occupation have differed since the end of the ancient world in terms of both the degree of resilience of settlements and the land use. Our purpose was to explore the social, political, economic, and environmental factors that could explain why there has been a long-term cross-cultural occupation of some resilient sites and landscapes for almost a millennium, while there have been only very specific temporary occupations in other areas. The first part of this paper describes the archaeological investigations carried out by means of intensive survey methods, geophysics, and some excavations in peripheral and peri-urban spaces. In the second part, we reflect on whether the use of the same methodology in all cases allows us to compare and understand what makes societies sustainable (or not) over time through their archaeological record. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Lightning is the most common origin of natural fires, being strongly linked to specific synoptic conditions associated with atmospheric instability, such as dry thunderstorms; dry fuels are required for ignition to take place and for subsequent propagation. Aims: The aim was to predict the daily probability of ignition by exploiting a large dataset of lightning and fire data to anticipate ignition over the entire Iberian Peninsula. Methods: We trained and tested a machine learning model using lightning strikes (>17 million) in the period 2009–2015. For each lightning strike, we extracted information relating to fuel condition, structural features of vegetation, topography, and the specific characteristics of the strikes (polarity, intensity and flash density). Key results: Naturally triggered ignitions are typically initiated at higher elevations (above 1000 m above sea level) under conditions of low dead fuel moisture (<10–13%) and moderate live moisture content (Drought Code > 300). Negative-polarity lightning strikes (−10 kA) appear to trigger fires more frequently. Conclusions and implications: Our approach was able to provide ignition forecasts at multiple temporal and spatial scales, thus enhancing forest fire risk assessment systems. Natural wildfires on the Iberian Peninsula are caused by lightning strikes reaching locations with abundant vegetation, and are favoured by drought conditions that lower the moisture content of the fuels. Here, we developed a model able to forecast and map the likelihood of ignition at a daily timescale. (This paper is part of a Special Issue that includes papers on research presented at the IX International Conference on Forest Fire Research, Coimbra, Portugal, November 2022.) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The end of World War II (1939–1545) by Germany's (May 8) and Japan's surrender (August 15) brought a major socio-political transformation in the colonialised nations of Asia. The independence of the Korean Peninsula from the Japanese imperialism was not smoothly implemented for a peaceful settlement. Rather, the ideological camps of communism (=socialism) and democracy (=capitalism) dominated in the region, which became the hub of the Cold War in the late 1940s and the 1950s. The local citizens confronted the political conflict for the unified Korea. The US allied with the UN, turning against North Korea and its socialist allies. Meantime, India emerged in the UN for the Korean issues. Then, how did India, the new international leader, involve the process of the post-colonial unification (1948–1950) with the major powers (the US, the Soviet Union, China and the UK)? What about the position of India during the Korean War (1950–53)? How can one interpret India's policy on the POW repatriation issue (1953–1955)? This paper explores the non-military initiatives of the South Asian country as a 'neutral power' through the cases of India's authority within the United Nations (Temporary) Commission on Korea (UN(T)COK), the 60th Parachute Field Ambulance (PFA), and Neutral Nations Repatriation Commission (NNRC) and Neutral Nations Supervisory Commission (NNSC). This paper argues that the soft diplomacy of India strategically established the foundation of a peacekeeping mission on the Korean Peninsula (1947–1955) even though the politico-historical relationship with the Soviet Union and China frequently caused serious misunderstands for South Korea. After all, India was not even three years old at the outbreak of the conflict (Korean War). It also had extremely difficult domestic problems, a hostile Pakistan on its flanks and the People's Republic of China (PRC)—a potential threat ... Still, India was the largest and most vocal Third World country not embedded in the emerging Cold War alliance structure, with Nehru the champion of anti-imperialism and neutralism (Barnes, 2013b, p. 265) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Using new continuous geodetic time series, we identify five shallow slow slip events (SSEs) offshore and beneath the Osa peninsula in southern Costa Rica. An early event was detected by one station in 2013, and two events occurring in close succession in both 2018 and 2022 were detected by multiple stations, indicating a preliminary recurrence interval of ∼4–5 years. While SSEs have been observed to the northwest at Nicoya, this is their first documentation in southern Costa Rica. Modeled slip distributions of the 2018 and 2022 events indicate they likely ruptured the same or overlapping patches of the plate interface, near the trench, updip of the 1983 Mw 7.4 Osa event. Immediately offshore, estimated cumulative slip from the 2018 and 2022 events is sufficient to close the slip deficit from tectonic loading over the recurrence interval, potentially limiting the magnitude and spatial slip distribution of future large ruptures. Plain Language Summary: Slow slip events (SSEs), effectively slow earthquake ruptures, are a phenomena that have been observed in many subduction zones around the world. While SSEs in subduction zones are often observed at depth, this is likely due to our observational capability being better when the events occur under land. By contrast, shallow events are more difficult to observe because they often occur under the ocean, despite their potential relationship to large, damaging, and/or tsunamigenic earthquakes. In this paper, we present research that identifies shallow slow slip events in a location where they have not been previously observed, the Osa Peninsula in southern Costa Rica. In total we observe five shallow SSEs, sometimes occurring in pairs, that appear to rupture every ∼4–5 years. Additionally we suggest that the amount of slip in these events may be sufficient to account for all the tectonic convergence in some locations, potentially limiting the size of future large earthquakes. Key Points: We identify five slow slip events in southern Costa Rica, one in 2013, and two events occurring in close succession in both 2018 and 2022The recent four events likely ruptured the same shallow patch of the megathrust, extremely close to the Middle American TrenchEvents in 2018 and 2022 seem to release nearly all slip accumulated by plate motion over a ∼4 year recurrence interval in some locations [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we study two singular maps, the Modern Map of Spain, attributed to Cardinal Margarit, and Spagna con le distantie de li loci; made in northern Italy in the late 15th and early 16th centuries. Like the British Gough map, both already show communication networks with expressed distances. Using formal analysis, statistical methodology, and computer processing, we present the cartographic characteristics of each one and relate them to their historical context, updating the scarce information available until now. We explain their relationship as two milestones of the same cartographic process. At the same time, we study the routes represented, finding out the units of measurement used and the communication networks that both maps show us in the context of the Revolution of Communications that the Renaissance represented in Europe. The research has allowed us to attribute a new dating to them, question the traditional authorship, and advance a theory on the transport networks' functionality, demonstrating that both maps are part of a cartographic and historical process at the European level. All these updates to the vision on the first maps of communications in Western Europe established new contributions to the relationship between maps and itineraries. It contributes to filling a void occupied in solitary, until now, by the map of Gough of Great Britain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The construction and development of the Blue Economic Zone on the Shandong Peninsula in China was elevated to a national strategy in 2011, and it has achieved year-on-year economic growth, driving the economic development of Shandong Province. However, it has also generated problems, such as a fragile ecological environment, unbalanced regional development, and prominent human–land conflicts. Therefore, on the basis of the idea of green sustainable development, this paper measures the ecological welfare performance of seven prefecture-level cities in the Blue Economic Zone of Shandong Peninsula from 2011 to 2020 using an entropy-weighted model together with the TOPSIS method. It then analyzes their spatial distribution characteristics using the natural breaks method. Our findings show that the overall ecological welfare performance level in the Shandong Peninsula BEZ shows a stable upward trend, and that the ecological welfare performance of each city is similar to that of the divided region. The ecological welfare performance levels of Weifang, Rizhao, and Binzhou are relatively low. Dongying, Weihai, Qingdao, and Yantai form a cluster of cities with high ecological welfare performance. Therefore, for the advancement of the Shandong Peninsula BEZ, the government should the government should reasonably deploy the industrial structure; actively implement industrial transformation; strengthen the synergistic development among cities to achieve complementary advantages, coordinating the growth of rural and urban areas; and improve the social security system to achieve high-quality sustainable development in the Shandong Peninsula BEZ. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent decades, archaeological and written records have been used in combination to improve our understanding of Late Antique and Early Medieval Hispanic architectural culture (5th–10th c.). Within this renewed research context, the rebuilding of Late Antique churches and the reuse of earlier materials in both Early Medieval Christian and Islamic religious buildings; the transformation of Late Antique churches into early Islamic mosques in al-Andalus; and the rebuilding of other churches by the Christians themselves, both in al-Andalus and in the northern Iberian plateau, from the late 8th century onwards, have often been used to thread narratives concerning tradition, continuity, and re-sacralisation of earlier religious architectural spaces and, through this, religious change in the middle ages. However, the application of modern archaeological methodology reveals that these processes need to be qualified, for the stratigraphic gaps between building phases make them sometimes hard to interpret. By analysing some examples of Hispanic religious sites, this paper reflects on the many concepts related to sacralisation, explains the way archaeology is able to trace the sacralisation processes, and intends thus to highlight the complexity of these phenomena. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Influenced by historical background, regional economic development, and the frequent occurrence of armed conflict, the human–earth relationship in the Central and Southern Peninsula, which is located in a "fragmented zone", is characteristic of the region. The Indochina Peninsula has now become an area of interest for the study of spatial changes in production–living–ecological spaces (PLES). Taking the Indochina Peninsula as the study area, this paper explores the evolution of the spatiotemporal patterns of PLES and its driving mechanism in the Indochina Peninsula, from 2010 to 2020, based on a grid scale. Methods such as the land-use transition matrix, land-use dynamics index, and geographically and temporally weighted regression (GTWR) were used in our model, which will provide the basic data and reference for sustainable development planning across the Indochina Peninsula. Our results show that, from 2010 to 2020, ecological space dominated the PLES pattern on the Indochina Peninsula, but its area gradually decreased, accompanied by a sharp increase in the areas of productive and living spaces. The area of PLES interconversion on the Indochina Peninsula in 2010–2020 was 212,818.70 km2, and the intertransfer of production and ecological spaces was distributed in a networklike manner throughout the Indochina Peninsula, while the transfer of living space was distributed in a pointlike manner. The migration path of the center of gravity of PLES on the Indochina Peninsula demonstrated a significant directional difference, and the direction and extent of the standard deviation ellipse distribution of the ecological space was similar to that of the production space. The PLES's pattern evolution was affected by the degree of multiple factors, with a significant spatial and temporal heterogeneity. The positive and negative feedback effects of the factors were distributed in different areas and in different transfer directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The significant heterogeneity in the spatial distribution of point of interest (POI) data, the absence of human socio-economic activity information in remote sensing images (RSI), and the high cost of land use (LU) data acquisition restrict their application in PLES spatial identification. Utilizing easily accessible data for detailed spatial identification of PLES remains an urgent challenge, especially when selecting a study area that encompasses both urban built-up areas (UBUA) and non-urban built-up areas (NUBUA). To address this issue, we proposed a PLES spatial identification method that combines POI data and land cover (LC) data in this paper. The proposed method first classified spatial analysis units (SAUs) into agricultural production space (APS), ecological space (ES), and ambiguous space (AS) based on the rich surface physical information from LC data. Subsequently, the AS was further classified into living space (LS) and non-agricultural production space (NAPS) based on the rich human socioeconomic information from POI data. For the AS that contains no POI, a simple rule was established to differentiate it into LS or NAPS. The effectiveness of the method was verified by accuracy evaluation and visual comparison. Applying the method to the Jiaodong Peninsula, we identified the PLES of the Jiaodong Peninsula for 2018 and 2022, further explored their spatial distribution characteristics, and analyzed their changes. Finally, we conducted a discussion on the real-world situations and driving mechanisms of the PLES changes and proposed several policy insights. The results indicated that both the spatial distribution characteristics of PLES and PLES change in the Jiaodong Peninsula were obvious and showed significant differentiation between UBUA and NUBUA. Climatic and natural resource conditions, geographic location, macro-policies, and governmental behaviors drove the PLES changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the second half of the 20th century, the Antarctic Peninsula region has undergone a long and sustained warming period, followed by a shorter but also sustained cooling period, and then a very recent return to warming conditions. All of these have profoundly impacted the glaciers peripheral to the Antarctic Peninsula. This paper focuses on the analysis of the surface mass balance monitoring of such glaciers by the glaciological method, complemented by the analysis of mass-balance estimates by geodetic methods, as well as frontal ablation estimates. We aim to summarize the current knowledge and outline the main challenges faced by investigating the mass balance of such peripheral glaciers and their current contribution to sea-level rise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Narratives embedded in studies of modern Spanish colonialism have conspired against a deep understanding of colonialism as a global and current issue and have influenced or limited the directions for research. By focusing on particular narratives that separate and disconnect the realities of the colonies from those of the Iberian Peninsula, this article discusses the conceptual divide between the study of colonial and early modern realms, and the tenuous connections between the archaeology of Spanish colonialism developed in America and in the Iberian Peninsula. This paper attempts to counter those insular narratives by offering a view on how even remote settlements in Ibero-America show connections that tell stories of sixteenth-century Spain and pose questions that often cannot be answered due to the lack of shared perspectives between the study of modern Spanish colonialism in America and the Iberian Peninsula. To illustrate this view, a case study focused on Ciudad del Nombre de Jesús settled during the failed Spanish plan for the fortification of the Strait of Magellan at the end of the sixteenth century is provided. The interpretation of the results of archaeological and historical lines of research allows the establishment of material connections among individuals, stories and places of the Iberian Peninsula and America. The implication of this case contributes to considering the role that archaeology can play in questioning the enduring effects of modern Spanish colonialism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to make a brief survey of the previous weather modification activities over the Northern Part of the Korean Peninsula (NPKP) and to present the prospects of their further development. The weather modification activities over NPKP are divided into three stages with the first of 1960–1970s, the second of 1980–1990s and the third of 2000–2010s. In the first stage, significant cloud seeding experiment data and some technologies for the preparation of scientific basis in applying the weather modification theory were accumulated. The cloud seeding experiments in the second stage were hardly carried out over NPKP, however, fundamental researches and investigations, including the cloud and water-power resource explorations on a nationwide scale, were performed. The cloud seeding experiments over the city of Jungsan (39°06′ N, 125°23′ E) of NPKP during the period of 2017–2020 (the third stage) were performed seven times using newly developed 82-mm rockets and fire-AgI shells with a nucleus generation rate of , and the experiment results were presented in detail. All the cloud seeding experiments except of the first experiment obviously showed the effect of precipitation enhancement near the ground (9.1%). In NPKP, weather modification activities using various cloud seeding means with the object of enhancing the precipitation for overcoming severe drought, providing water-power resource security, etc. will continue on the national scale in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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