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Foods, agricultural by-products and medicinal plants are often contaminated by pathogenic fungi and mycotoxins. Pathogenic fungi not only lead to food deterioration, but also harm people’s health. The commonly used methods for detoxification include physical, chemical and biological methods. A large number of studies have shown that natural plant essential oils inhibit the growth of pathogenic fungi and the accumulation of mycotoxins and have good biodegradability, making them a promising environmental-friendly alternative to traditional synthetic fungicides. In this review, the classification and harm of common pathogenic fungi and mycotoxins, as well as the antifungal components and mechanisms of plant essential oils are introduced, and recent progress on plant essential oils in the control of pathogenic fungi and mycotoxins is summarized. This review provides a theoretical basis for the development and application of plant essential oils.

Sedimentological and chronological analyses of coastal dunes can determine their sedimentation processes and yield information that can reflect changes in local marine environments (e.g., information on climate, biology, and sea‐level changes in tectonically stable areas). In this study, Late Quaternary deposits on Shidao Island, one of the Xisha Islands, South China Sea, were analysed using techniques such as U/Th dating to obtain the following results: (1) Four lithofacies associations and two unconformities were identified from the deposits on Shidao Island. On this basis, the Shidao Island sediments can be divided into three stages of aeolian sediments and one stage of beach rock sediments. (2) U/Th dating revealed that the aeolian deposits on Shidao Island formed during three periods, namely, marine isotope stages 5.2, 5.1, and 4, and that the beachrocks were formed in the Holocene when the sea level rose to its present height. (3) The aeolianites on Shidao Island all formed in an environment in which the sea level was relatively stable or slowly falling. This study determined for the first time the specific sedimentary ages of the aeolianites on Shidao Island, and reconstructed the sedimentation process of the deposits on Shidao Island based on palaeo‐sea‐level changes. These results can provide more reliable geochronology data for the future study of Late Quaternary marine environments across the East Asian region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multispectral camouflage technology against advanced detection has attracted rising attention in recent years. However, compatible camouflage with low visibility and low thermal emission in a dark background still remains challenging (such as satellites, high-altitude planes, etc.). In this work, a low visibility and low thermal emission nanostructured film with electromagnetic band gap for multispectral camouflage is proposed. The structure demonstrates a Ge/ZnS multilayer for suppressing thermal emission, which is mounted with nanolayered dielectric antireflection stacks to absorb visible light. Also, the all-dielectric configuration ensures microwave transmission for being compatible with microwave camouflage. The fabricated structure shows low reflectance (3.95%) for 300–1100 nm visible-near-IR light, low emissivity for 3–5 μm (0.043) and 8–14 μm (0.093) atmospheric window ranges, and high transmittance (98.86%) for 8–18 GHz microwave range. Moreover, the film exhibits low lightness and suppressed thermal radiation signatures with incident angles up to 60°. The proposed nanostructured Ge/ZnS film paves the way for multispectral camouflage and other applications such as solar–thermal conversion, radiation control, and optical sensing based on electromagnetic wave manipulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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