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Chylothorax after esophageal surgery is a rare complication but can lead to death in patients due to malnutrition, fluid imbalance, and immunodeficiency. Multiple treatment options exist for postoperative chylothorax, including conservative treatment, octreotide therapy, and interventions such as thoracic duct embolization and surgical ligation of the thoracic duct. We present a case of lymphatic leakage following laparoscopic esophagectomy for esophageal cancer, confirmed by lymphangiography. The patient underwent an intervention to embolize the thoracic duct under computed tomography after an initial failure under digital subtraction angiography (DSA). One week after the intervention, the patient's pleural fluid output gradually decreased, and the patient was discharged from the hospital. At a 7-month follow-up, the patient remained stable with no recurrence of lymphatic leakage.

Blunt esophageal injury is an unusual organ injury that has unclear clinical symptoms due to the overlap of thoracoabdominal trauma in the setting of multiple traumas. The treatment options vary depending on the patient's clinical symptoms, the extent of esophageal damage, and the time from the onset of damage to diagnosis. This article presents a case of a young male patient receiving emergency treatment after a traffic accident. Esophageal perforation was diagnosed through chest computed tomography with contrast injection and oral contrast. The article focuses on imaging characteristics and suggestive signs of blunt esophageal injury in the setting of multitrauma.

Polyomaviruses BK (BKPyV) and JC (JCPyV), belonging to the Polyomaviridae, are responsible for human pathologies. In kidney transplant recipients, BKPyV replication can lead to irreversible nephron damage whereas JCPyV replication remains asymptomatic. Concomitant replication is rare and potential competition between the infections has been described. The aim of this retrospective case‐control study was to describe the molecular epidemiology and risk factors associated with BKPyV and JCPyV replication in a cohort of kidney transplant recipients. In total, 655 urine samples from 460 patients were tested for BKPyV and JCPyV DNA. Positive samples were submitted to strain genotyping. Demographic and clinical characteristics were also compared. Isolated JCPyV and BKPyV was found in 16.5% and 23.3% of patients, respectively; co‐replication was rare (3.9%). BKPyV strains Ib‐2, Ib‐1, and IVc‐2 were the most prevalent. JCPyV strains mostly belonged to genotypes 4 and 1B. During follow‐up, JCPyV shedding significantly reduced the risk of BKPyV DNAuria, with an odds ratio of 0.57 (95% confidence interval: 0.35–0.99), and was associated with better prognosis than BKPyV replication, based on the estimated glomerular filtration rate. Molecular epidemiology of BKPyV and JCPyV strains in our region was similar to previous studies. This study suggests that JCPyV is benign and appears to limit damaging BKPyV replication. JCPyV DNAuria screening could thus be a useful strategy to predict BKPyV‐related outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Beetles, despite their remarkable biodiversity and a long history of research, remain lacking in reference genomes annotated with structural variations in loci of adaptive significance. We sequenced and assembled high‐quality chromosome‐level genomes of four Hercules beetles which exhibit divergence in male horn size and shape and body colouration. The four Hercules beetle genomes were assembled to 11 pseudo‐chromosomes, where the three genomes assembled using Nanopore data (Dynastes grantii, D. hyllus and D. tityus) were mapped to the genome assembled using PacBio + Hi‐C data (D. maya). We demonstrated a striking similarity in genome structure among the four species. This conservative genome structure may be attributed to our use of the D. maya assembly as the reference; however, it is worth noting that such a conservative genome structure is a recurring phenomenon among scarab beetles. We further identified homologues of nine and three candidate‐gene families that may be associated with the evolution of horn structure and body colouration respectively. Structural variations in Scr and Ebony2 were detected and discussed for their putative impacts on generating morphological diversity in beetles. We also reconstructed the demographic histories of the four Hercules beetles using heterozygosity information from the diploid genomes. We found that the demographic histories of the beetles closely recapitulated historical changes in suitable forest habitats driven by climate shifts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Forest soil and leaf litter support diverse arthropod mesofauna for which diversity dynamics is challenging to study due to the high number of species and specimens, small body size and limited taxonomic knowledge.Immature stages (larvae) are even harder to identify than adults, as their morphology is largely unknown. Therefore, larvae are often ignored, even though they may form a substantial proportion of specimens collected, are less mobile than adults and their exclusion may provide an incomplete diversity profile.Here, we use Oxford Nanopore DNA barcoding to investigate whether the inclusion of larvae provides a more complete taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional diversity profiles in leaf litter beetles (Coleoptera) from a subtropical forest in Taiwan.Our results indicate that larvae represent up to 38% of beetle specimens per sample, but most of them belong to 2–3 common species. Larvae of most beetle species are rarely collected repeatedly or in multiple specimens, possibly due to special habitat requirements or high seasonality.Taxonomic, phylogenetic and incidence‐based functional diversity measures were not affected by the exclusion of larvae in the Staphylinidae dataset but were strongly biased in all‐beetle dataset, especially when only common or abundant species were considered. Taxonomic beta diversity was not affected by the omission of larvae.Our results indicate that immature stages may be omitted in ecological studies of arthropods in case both adults and larvae co‐occur in the same habitat, and the sites are sampled repeatedly. Caution is needed (1) in groups in which larvae and adults do not inhabit the same environment or strongly differ in biology, (2) when rare species are omitted or (3) when functional diversity is calculated from abundance data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The evolutionary dynamics and phylogenetic utility of mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) have been of particular interest to systematists and evolutionary biologists. However, certain mitochondrial features, such as the molecular evolution of the control region in insects, remain poorly explored due to technological constraints. Using a combination of long- and short-read sequencing data, we assembled ten complete mitogenomes from ten Hercules beetles. We found large-sized mitogenomes (from 24 to 28 kb), which are among the largest in insects. The variation in genome size can be attributed to copy-number evolution of tandem repeats in the control region. Furthermore, one type of tandem repeat was found flanking the conserved sequence block in the control region. Importantly, such variation, which made up around 30% of the size of the mitogenome, may only become detectable should long-read sequencing technology be applied. We also found that, although different mitochondrial loci often inferred different phylogenetic histories, none of the mitochondrial loci statistically reject a concatenated mitochondrial phylogeny, supporting the hypothesis that all mitochondrial loci share a single genealogical history. We on the other hand reported statistical support for mito-nuclear phylogenetic discordance in 50% of mitochondrial loci. We argue that long-read DNA sequencing should become a standard application in the rapidly growing field of mitogenome sequencing. Furthermore, mitochondrial gene trees may differ even though they share a common genealogical history, and ND loci could be better candidates for phylogenetics than the commonly used COX1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, deep neural networks (DNNs) are helpful tools for mammogram classification in breast cancer screening. But, in Vietnam, there is a relatively small number of mammograms for training DNNs. Therefore, this study aims to apply transfer learning techniques to improve the performance of DNN models. In the first step, 10,418 breast cancer images from the Digital Database for Screening Mammography were used for training the CNN model ResNet 34. In the second step, we fine-tune this model on the Hanoi Medical University (HMU) database with 6,248 Vietnamese mammograms. The optimal model of ResNet 34 among these models achieves a macAUC of 0.766 in classifying breast cancer X-ray images into three Breast Imaging-Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) categories, BI-RADS 045 ('incomplete and malignance'), BI-RADS 1 ('normal'), and BI-RADS 23 ('benign'), when tested on the test dataset. This result is higher than the result of the ResNet 50 model trained only on the X-ray dataset of 7,912 breast cancer images of the HMU dataset, which achieves a macAUC of 0.754. A comparison of the performance of the proposed model of ResNet 34 applying transfer learning with other works shows that our model's evaluation results are higher than those of the compared models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In its 2019 report to the Human Rights Council, the United Nations (UN) Working Group on business and human rights emphasized that 'gender-transformative' remedies can bring 'change to patriarchal norms and unequal power relations that underpin discrimination, gender-based violence and gender stereotyping'. This article aims to deepen our knowledge of such remediation for women human rights defenders who fight against corporate human rights abuses. Human rights remediation is highly fragmented. This has the advantage that remedies at one level can offer sources of learning for remedies at other levels. This article uses relevant communications that the UN Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders sent to states and corporations jointly with other Special Procedures (including the UN Special Rapporteur on violence against women and girls, its causes and consequences and the UN Working Group on discrimination against women and girls in law and practice) between 2011 and 2020 as a source of learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dicamptus isshikii Uchida, 1928 is recorded for the first time from Vietnam on the basis of specimens collected from Bat Xat Nature Reserve, Lao Cai province, Northwest Vietnam. A checklist of the Dicamptus species of Vietnam is presented with detailed records on the distribution range of each species. A key to the Vietnamese species of the genus Dicamptus is also provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]