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As in other countries, In Brazil, new genetic materials of Eucalyptus spp. and their hybrids are multiplied through cloning. These materials, currently in experimental trials, must undergo several stages to select the best ones for pulp and paper production. Therefore, new studies on wood quality are essential. Therefore, this study aimed to group 11 clones of Eucalyptus spp. wood, from a clonal plantation in the municipality of Palmital, São Paulo State, for the production of paper and cellulose. For this purpose, four trees of each clone of 4-year-old Eucalyptus spp. were collected. From each tree, a log of 1 m in length was taken from the base of the tree, for the study of the characterization of the basic density and cellular dimensions of the wood. The results showed that there were significant differences between clones for basic density, fiber length, vessel element length and fiber wall thickness. The Runkel ratio, wall fraction and stiffness coefficient did not show significant differences between the different genotypes. From the results obtained, we can conclude that clones can be differentiated only by basic density, fiber length, vessel element length and fiber wall thickness. The Runkel index, flexibility coefficient and wall fraction of Eucalyptus spp. were more efficient to group the clones into two groups.

Banana stem is a known alternative to wood for the production of pulp and paper. During the production of paper, it is extremely important to save costs and time while at the same time enhancing quality of produced paper. In the present study, paper was developed from banana stem fiber by optimizing its density. Response surface methodology (RSM) using Box-Behnken design (BBD) was used to determine optimum blending parameters of the developed papers. The influence of banana stem fiber amount (250-1000 g), water amount (1-2liters) and blending time (5-10 min) on paper density was analyzed using software Stat-Ease 360, Version 13. The optimum conditions of banana stem fiber amount, water amount and blending time to achieve a density of 675.75 g/m3 were determined as 461.83 g, 1.31liters, and 8.53 min, respectively. ANOVA results revealed that the quadratic model best fits the density response, with blending time and banana stem fiber amount as the most significant model terms. Linear effects were more predominant than quadratic and interaction effects. The developed density model was in close agreement with experimental findings with an R2 value of 0.9748. Developed paper had cellulosic contents, with volatiles as high as 82.11%wb and 2.11%wb ash composition. Future works on thermal properties of paper are encouraged.

Copyright of Journal of Natural Fibers is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A technique for manufacturing wood heat-insulating material for construction (known as wood delignification) without seriously affecting the cellulosic structure was inspired by the practices of the pulp and paper industry and adapted to the mentioned purpose. Among the numerous known methods of chemical treatment of wood for removing the lignin in the paper industry, the use of the suspension generated by mixing of NaOH, Ca(OH)2, and distilled water at 260 ℃ in an electric oven was adopted. For the first time, oak wood (recycled in the form of sawdust) was chosen as the basic raw material in the wood delignification process due to its large availability in Romania's climatic conditions. Using 58 % oak wood, 23.3 % NaOH, 16.7 % Ca(OH)2, and water addition, the best product had very low values of density (0,024 g·cm-3) and heat conductivity (0.031 W·m-1·K-1) as well as an acceptable value of compression resistance (0.9 MPa) for construction applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The literature is flooded with scientific information on most durability properties except water absorption coefficient of masonry units like sandcrete blocks. Also, while waste papers disposal is a systemic problem due to ineffectiveness of waste management system in developing countries, the price of cement is on the increase. This situation, ultimately, causes a bane in achievement of low-cost housing development considering the fact that sandcrete blocks are predominantly used as walling elements for such undertakings. In this study, solid core sandcrete blocks were produced with waste paper ash (WPA) utilized as partial replacement of cement at 5 % and 10 % volumetric levels. Chemically, the WPA was found to show similarity with cement in terms of SiO2, Al2O3, and CaO contents. Density and water absorption coefficient of the block samples were determined. While density ranged from 1682 to 1872 kg/m3, water absorption coefficient varied from 27.04 to 23.49 kg/m2h0.5. Statistically, no significant difference was revealed at p < 0.05 between experimentally-measured water absorption coefficients and those obtained using the model developed for prediction based on density of the samples. Thus, utilization of WPA as described herein could help to reduce the cost of procuring cement and in turn, enhance low-cost building construction. Also, with the developed model (showing dependence of water absorption coefficient on density), durability of sandcrete blocks exposed to moisture –prone environment could be easily predicted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stretchable displays based on conventional materials exhibit a trade‐off relationship between the pixel density and the stretchability. In this paper, we have demonstrated overcoming the technological limitations of stretchable displays through the optimization of serpentine‐shaped bridge design and the application of stretchable metal electrodes. The application of stretchable electrodes has increased stretchability by over 30% without compromising pixel density. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Density and hardness are physical parameters in the manufacturing of refuse derived fuel (RDF) pellets. In making pellets, a high heating value for the combustion system is desired. This research aimed to analyze the mixture of municipal solid waste to its density and hardness and study its correlation to heating value. The variable used in this research is a mixture of paper waste and garden waste and food scraps and garden waste. The density and hardness for the mix of paper waste and garden waste were 1970.6 to 2474.8 kg/m3 and 37.8-42.8 HA, respectively. The mixture of food waste and garden waste has density and hardness of 1822 to 2276.7 kg/m3 and 17.4-37.8 HA. The correlation between density and hardness on heating values did not reach a significance of 0.05, so there was no strong relationship between density and hardness on heating values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the advantages of OLEDs in pixel scaling and the novel device structures enabled by photolithography. We show the pixel layouts that can be realized by photolithographic patterning, i.e., delta and color strip pixel layout with high pixel density. Further integration of OPD next to an OLED pixel is discussed. Finally, we show the OLED performance after three times OLED patterning steps, which is crucial for the full‐color OLED display realized by photolithography patterning processes. The results suggest that the photolithography patterning process could be a powerful method to further enhance the AMOLED display performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aims to increase the efficiency of mortar mixes and improve their necessary qualities such as strength, density, and durability by using wastepaper as a cement substitute in the form of wastepaper sludge ash (WPSA). Mortars with 20, 25, and 30% cement replacement were tested. Due to less use of cement and greater usage of WPSA, CO2 and SO2 emissions can be reduced. The chemical properties of WPSA were compared to those of Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC). Testing showed that WPSA had similar cementitious properties. Results demonstrate the potential applications of this mortar in a variety of settings where increased toughness and equivalent characteristics are needed while still preserving the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Scientific collaboration is becoming a common pattern in the social organization of knowledge production. The paper tries to figure out the relationship between scientific collaboration team size and scientific output. Design/methodology/approach: Based on ESI database from year 2009–2019, the paper describes changes of collaboration team size from one author to more than 10 authors in 22 disciplines. Kernel density estimation and multidimensional kernel density estimation method are used to calculate optimal collaboration team size and appropriate collaboration team size in 22 disciplines. As bandwidth is one of the major issues in construction of kernel density estimation, the paper uses five different algorithms to calculate bandwidth. The method with the lowest mean absolute percentage error is chosen. Robustness test is conducted based on different sets of data. Findings: The results show that scientific collaboration becomes more widely and deeply. As time goes by, collaboration team size is becoming larger and larger. Natural science disciplines have larger collaboration team size and faster growth rate than social science disciplines. Considering both qualitative and quantitative measures, the paper proves the universality of optimal and appropriate scientific collaboration team size among 22 disciplines and calculates the specific number. Originality/value: The paper tries to investigate the law of scientific collaboration team size variation and provide a full picture of evolution of collaboration team size among 22 disciplines in 10 years. The paper first applies distribution method to figure out the relationship between scientific collaboration team size and scientific output and provides optimal collaboration team size and appropriate collaboration team size. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A semi‐analytical model is built based on diffraction theory and human angular resolution to quantitatively evaluate the diffraction effect of transparent displays, including micro‐LED and OLED. By optimizing the pixel structures within a 2×2‐pixel size region, the relative diffraction intensity is reduced by 42% at the 50% aperture ratio regardless ofpixel density. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Automated color measurement systems have become significant components of offset lithographic printing presses for better process control and reduced job waste. Some European press manufacturers are known to offer automated color measurement equipment that is confined to polarized density readings, which is uncommon in US. Introducing polarized densitometry into an environment where unpolarized densitometry is utilized can be problematic. Print professionals are on the lookout for a solution that is evidenced by a recent feature in a post from the IDEAlliance G7 Professionals forum seeking for a methodology to convert polarized to unpolarized readings. The present study applies the Bland–Altman method together with other statistical analyses to determine if a conversion between polarized and unpolarized densitometry can be established within a limited set of parameters. Three spectrodensitometers were used to record densitometric readings of wet and dry process inks on coated and uncoated drawdown proofs. The results showed that coated papers had significantly less variation between instruments compared to uncoated papers. Wet inks had more minor variations compared to dry inks. Furthermore, pure difference values and a Mann–Whitney U test indicated differences between unpolarized and polarized densitometric readings in all cases. Finally, t‐tests performed on the resulting difference data for both unpolarized versus polarized and unpolarized versus predicted polarized that showed fixed bias by means of the computed p‐values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since unveiling the world first 9.12" stretchable AMOLED display at SID held in 2017, stretchable display technologies has been receiving great attention especially the geometrical structure and materials to increase the stretchability. Herein, we report on the latest technical advances of stretchable AMOLED display based on structurally deformable designs which are closed to requirements for the excellent deformability and the pixel density. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Forest Products Industry is the property of China Forest Products Industry Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this study, the difference in electrical characteristics between the front channel and the back channel of an a‐IGZO oxide semiconductor TFT was revealed, and the cause was explained as an experimental result. It was confirmed that the front channel, which has higher mobility than the back channel, has an In‐rich layer and has a relatively low trap density. In conclusion, it was clarified that the In‐rich layer of the front channel improves device stability and reliability characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The detection of small infrared targets is still a challenging task and efficient and accurate detection plays a key role in modern infrared search and tracking military applications. However, small infrared targets are difficult to detect due to their weak brightness, small size and lack of shape, structure, texture, and other information elements. In this paper, we propose a target detection method. First, to address the problem that the proximity of targets to high‐brightness clutter leads to missed detection of candidate targets, a Gaussian differential filtering preprocessed image is used to suppress high‐brightness clutter. Second, a density‐peaked global search method is used to determine the location of candidate targets in the preprocessed image. We then use local contrast to the candidate target points to enhance the gradient features and suppress background clutter. The Facet model is used to compute multidirectional gradient features at each point. A new efficient surrounding symmetric region partitioning scheme is constructed to capture the gradient characteristics of targets of different sizes in eight directions, followed by weighting the candidate target gradient characteristics using the standard deviation of the symmetric region difference. Finally, an adaptive threshold segmentation method is used to extract small targets. Experimental results show that the method proposed in this paper has better detection accuracy and robustness compared with other detection methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Density is an important indicator for evaluating diesel fuel quality that directly affects the injection timing and injection rule of the engine, and also has a significant impact on the spray broken particle size, the spray penetration distance, the spray cone angle, and so forth, which in turn affects the combustion process and pollutant emission of the compression-ignition engine. Therefore, it is important to accurately predict the diesel fuel mixture density in industrial and compression-ignition engines. However, the mathematical models for predicting the density of diesel fuel mixture with changed temperature are relatively lacking and less accurate, especially for ternary diesel fuel mixtures with different physicochemical properties. This paper proposes a mathematical model including binary and ternary diesel mixtures under changed fuel volume fraction and temperature, and published data were used for verification. The data verification results show that: for the density prediction of binary diesel fuel mixtures at constant temperature, the average relative deviation (ARD) is 0.0245%, the RMS error (RMSE) is 0.000344, and the correlation coefficient (R) is 0.9993. For the density prediction of binary diesel fuel mixtures at changed temperature, the ARD is 0.0609%, the RMSE is 0.000695, and R is 0.9980. For the density prediction of ternary diesel fuel mixtures at constant temperature, the ARD is lower than 0.0571%, the RMSE is lower than 0.000610, and R is higher than 0.9861. For the density prediction of ternary diesel fuel mixtures at changed temperature, the ARD is 0.0484%, the RMSE is 0.000513, and R is 0.9996. The diesel mixed fuel density prediction model proposed in this paper has good accuracy and calculation convenience, and provides important reference value for measuring or designing the density of diesel mixed fuel in the field of compression-ignition engines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prospective authors are requested to submit new, unpublished manuscripts for inclusion in the upcoming event described in this call for papers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a 3-D geomechanically model and a three-pressure profile along the wellbore trajectory were established to determine a reasonable drilling mud density window by establishing calculation methods and correlations between geomechanically parameters. On the basis of drilling mud density window, combined with the principle of ERW extended limit, the analysis models of the limits of density and flow rate of drilling mud were established, respectively, with the objective that the extension limit can fulfill the design depth of the wellbore. The results of the practical application illustrate the feasibility and correctness of this preferred model for the combination of drilling mud density and flow rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This commentary takes papers from two issues eight years apart which focused on the compact city showing how the focus on density became less apparent while questions of sustainability gained prominence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the importance of investigating the perception of density in urban environments. It highlights the limitations of traditional, purely objective density metrics and argues for a more comprehensive approach that integrates subjective factors. The paper identifies supporting arguments for studying perceived density, examines counter-arguments, and presents recommendations for urban planners and researchers. By addressing the multifaceted nature of density perception, this paper advocates for the creation of more user-centric, sustainable cities that enhance residents' quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The unit weight of municipal solid waste is a critical parameter in engineering analyses of landfills execution, design, and stability of landfills, but significant uncertainty as of now exists with respect to its value. By using synthetic municipal solid waste (SMSW) that replicates the typical composition of waste produced in India. To determine the relation between Maximum Dry Density (MDD) & Optimum Moisture Content (OMC) of fresh SMSW "Modified Proctor Test" has been performed. MSW is a very heterogeneous material, numerous efforts have been made in the past to generalize the density of MSW, but still, the effect of each material on the density is Obscure. In this paper, the variation in MDD & OMC has been provided depending on the varying percentage of each material (Paper, Plastic & Organic Content) present in it. As a result of regulations and shifting consumer habits, waste is continually changing. Engineers must therefore be mindful of the evolving mechanical characteristics of trash, and it's possible that prior findings may not be a reliable indicator of how waste will behave in the future. Therefore, Calculating the variation in unit weight can be useful in designing engineered MSW landfills and for future references. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Promoted for their contribution towards decarbonising transport, encouraging modal shift, and improving health outcomes, bikeshare schemes (BSS) have developed worldwide. However, evidence suggests that fixed docking stations are often disproportionately located in white, high-income and high employment areas. Consequently, certain (often disadvantaged) communities may not be able to benefit as much as others from BSS. Interrelated issues concerning the built environment and socio-economic disadvantage include inequities related to population and residential accessibility, cycle lane access, docking station density and location, integration with public transport, access to city centres, universities, and unsafe areas. The paper reviews these aspects and discusses their implications for docking station planning practices that incorporate built environment insights and facilitate equitable access and use. Future research directions pertaining to examining the interrelationship between the built environment and disadvantage are suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experimental measurement of density and enthalpy of mixture for two binary liquid mixtures of n-tridecane or n-tetradecane with decalin was reported in this paper. The measurements were conducted at a temperature range of 293.15–323.15 K and at 303.15 K using calorimeter C80. The mixtures were analyzed at various proportions, including the entire composition range and dilute solutions. The excess molar volume (VE) and excess molar enthalpy (HE) of mixtures were calculated and fitted using the Redlich–Kister equation. The paper observed the expansion phenomenon for the VE at all temperatures, including over the entire composition range and dilute solutions. Additionally, the HE exhibited endothermic behavior at the studied temperature range and composition range. The Prigogine–Flory–Patterson (PFP) theory was utilized to predict both thermodynamic properties, namely the VE and HE. The results obtained using the PFP theory were compared with those obtained using the Treszczanowicz and Benson association (TB) model for VE and with the NRTL, Wilson, and Flory models for HE. The PFP model, which employed a single-fitted parameter to describe VE, demonstrated satisfactory performance in predicting VE. Conversely, the Treszczanowicz and Benson association (TB) model yielded relatively poor results in fitting VE. However, the NRTL, Wilson, PFP, and Flory models exhibited good performance in predicting HE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Egocentric networks represent a popular research design for network research. However, to what extent and under what conditions egocentric network centrality can serve as reasonable substitutes for their sociocentric counterparts are important questions to study. The answers to these questions are uncertain simply because of the large variety of networks. Hence, this paper aims to provide exploratory answers to these questions by analyzing both empirical and simulated data. Through analyses of various empirical networks (including some classic albeit small ones), this paper shows that egocentric betweenness approximates sociocentric betweenness quite well (the correlation is high across almost all the networks being examined) while egocentric closeness approximates sociocentric closeness only reasonably well (the correlation is a bit lower on average with a larger variance across networks). Simulations also confirm this finding. Analyses further show that egocentric approximations of betweenness and closeness seem to work well in different types of networks (as featured by network size, density, centralization, reciprocity, transitivity, and geodistance). Lastly, the paper briefly presents three ideas to help improve egocentric approximations of centrality measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the influence of various parameters on the efficiency of cultivating and preserving Lemna aequinoctialis duckweed samples in vitro, with the aim of minimizing time, labor, and storage expenses. The method addresses the issue of limited space and the risk of sample loss by storing multiple duplicates (more than one tube or flask per sample) in a space-efficient and cost-effective container. Due to the practical implications and capacity to decrease operating expenses, our results are helpful for large-scale implementation. Using a single frond resulted in a longer preservation effect compared to sample densities of three and five fronds. Initial samples can be cultured in nutrient solution with or without sugar, stored in tap water or nutrient solution, kept at a stable temperature of 25 ± 2°C or room temperature. The test tubes with duckweed were not covered, or covered by black paper up to the solution surface or higher. The outcomes demonstrated that all three duckweed samples (HNP_005, HNP_026, and HNP_031), whether grown in SSM or SFM media, were best preserved if the tubes were covered by black paper higher than the solution surface (CH) and can be kept at room temperature for at least 9 mo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the modern era, the demand for lightweight footbridges has grown significantly. However, this trend introduces new challenges related to the dynamic behaviour of such structures, especially under pedestrian-induced loading. This paper investigates the dynamic response of footbridge decks, focusing on the effects of vibration, pedestrian loading, and design considerations. Through a detailed analysis of a simply supported footbridge, we evaluate natural frequencies, critical ranges, and acceleration responses under varying pedestrian densities. The results emphasize the need for careful consideration of dynamic effects in the design phase to ensure pedestrian comfort and structural safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Analyzing eye movement data to evaluate learning status has become crucial in intelligent education. The eye movement scanning path can directly or indirectly reflect changes in thinking patterns and psychological states. By analyzing the scanning path, we can explore the commonality and differences in learners' eye movement behaviors and provide essential references for improving visual content and giving guidance. This paper first studies the time series representation and clustering of the learner's scanning path under the same task. Then, the three learning states of concentration, mind-wandering, and information wandering are evaluated through the clustering results. Specifically, the improved DBA algorithm (iDBA) is proposed to extract group eye movement patterns, combined with the dynamic time warping (DTW) algorithm to calculate the similarity of scanning paths and determine the clustering seeds, while the distance density clustering (DDC) algorithm is used for clustering. Experiments show that time series-based eye movement pattern mining can identify group viewing behaviors. Meanwhile, clustering reveals different reading strategies and provides the ability to assess learning status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we extend a paper of Milgrom [36] dealing with the existence of a quasi-universal surface density for object of all mass and structure, if they are in the Newtonian regime, i.e. that their mean acceleration is larger than MOND typical acceleration . Milgrom paper predicts also that objects with mean inner acceleration smaller than the values discussed, does not show the quasi-universal behavior of the surface density discussed. According to Milgrom, this would explain why Donato et al. [37] results (the universal value) applies also to low surface systems. In the present paper, we extend the result of Milgrom's paper, considering spiral galaxies. Similarly to Milgrom's, we find the existence of a universal surface density for galaxies with large surface density and a different behavior for galaxies having small surface density. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on the implementation of a neural network accelerator optimized for speed and energy efficiency, for use in embedded machine learning. Specifically, we explore power reduction at the hardware level through systolic array and low-precision data systems, including quantized approaches. We present a comprehensive analysis comparing a full precision (FP16) accelerator with a quantized (INT16) version on an FPGA. We upgraded the FP16 modules to handle INT16 values, employing data shifts to enhance value density while maintaining accuracy. Through single convolution experiments, we assess the energy consumption and error minimization. The paper's structure includes a detailed description of the FP16 accelerator, the transition to quantization, mathematical and implementation insights, instrumentation for power measurement, and a comparative analysis of power consumption and convolution error. Our results attempt to identify a pattern in 16-bit quantization to achieve significant power savings with minimal loss of accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deep rock are often in a true triaxial stress state. Studying the impacts of varying unloading speeds on their strain energy (SE) density is highly significant for predicting rock stability. Through true triaxial unloading principal stress experiments and true triaxial stress equilibrium unloading experiments on sandstone, this paper proposes a method to compute the SE density in a true triaxial compressive unloading principal stress test. This method aims to analyze the SE variation in rocks under the action of true triaxial unloading principal stresses. Acoustic emission is used to verify the correctness of the SE density calculation method in this paper. This study found that: (1) Unloading in one principal stress direction causes the SE density to rise in the other principal stress directions. This rise in SE, depending on its reversibility, can be categorized into elastic and dissipated SE. (2)When unloading principal stresses, the released elastic SE density in the unloading direction is influence by the stress path and rate. (3) The higher the unloading speed will leads to greater increases in the input SE density, elastic SE density, and dissipative SE density in the other principal stress directions. (4) The dissipated SE generated under true triaxial compression by unloading the principal stress is positively correlated with the damage to the rock; with an increase in unloading rate, there is a corresponding increase in the formation of cracks after unloading. (5) Utilizing the stress balance unloading test, we propose a calculation method for SE density in true triaxial unloading principal stress tests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, given a prescribed measure on \mathbb {S}^1 whose density is bounded and positive, we establish a uniform diameter estimate for solutions to the planar L_p dual Minkowski problem when 0

This paper focuses on the theoretical study of the burning rate of D-T fuel in Z-pinch devices with magneto-inertial confinement. The investigated nuclear fusion process involved fast laser ignition of a mixed D-T fuel contained in a capsule at a temperature of 10 keV, influenced by a strong electromagnetic field. The D-T, D-D, D-3He, 3He-3He, and T-T fusion reactions were employed in the calculations. Based on modern experimental fit data of nuclear fusion reaction rates, the particle and energy balance equations, along with their numerical solutions, were considered, utilizing the ion densities of charged particles such as protons, deuterium, tritium, 3He, and 4He ions. The plasma was in a hot, ultra-dense state, under the quasi-neutrality condition, with initial deuterium and tritium densities of 5 × 10 23 cm−3 and an electron density of 10 × 10 23 cm−3. The ion and electron temperatures were considered equal in this paper. The time dependencies of the ion densities, plasma temperature, energy yield from charged ions and neutrons, fusion power density, and bremsstrahlung radiation loss were investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the presence of non-line-of-sight (NLOS) obstacles, the localization accuracy in ultra-wideband (UWB) wireless indoor localization systems is typically substantially lower. To minimize the influence of these environmental factors and improve the accuracy of indoor wireless positioning, this paper proposes a density clustering with noise combined with particle swarm optimization (DCNPSO) to improve UWB positioning. Which exploits the advantages of the density-based spatial clustering algorithm with noise (DBSCAN) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. The experimental results show that the DCNPSO algorithm achieves 45.25% and 36.14% higher average positioning accuracy than the DBSCAN and PSO algorithms, respectively. The positioning error of this algorithm remains stable within 3 cm in static positioning and can achieve high accuracy in NLOS environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A belowground bud bank is a collection of asexual propagules produced by the underground storage organs of geophytes. Renewal through belowground bud banks is the main reproductive strategy of geophytes. The belowground bud bank density reflects the potential renewal capacity of geophyte communities. However, the effects of different perturbation regimes and habitats on the belowground bud bank density of geophytes are not comprehensively understood. Moreover, whether different types of belowground bud banks respond differently to perturbations is still unclear. For this meta-analysis, relevant papers on the effects of environmental perturbations on the belowground bud bank density of geophytes were systematically collected. The cumulative effect size of different perturbation regimes and habitats on belowground bud banks among different bud types was analyzed. Overall, the effect of environmental perturbations on belowground bud bank density was small, which may result from opposite or fluctuating responses of bud banks to different perturbations. Drought negatively affected bud bank density. Environmental perturbations decreased rhizome bud density but increased tiller bud density. In wetlands, perturbations decreased belowground bud bank density. However, no significant effect was found for other habitat types. In general, belowground bud banks of geophytes are highly resistant and resilient. Changes in belowground bud bank density depend on the type of perturbations, the habitats in which plants are distributed and the type of bud banks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we are interested in studying Bishop–Phelps–Bollobás type properties related to the denseness of the operators which attain their numerical radius. We prove that every Banach space with a micro-transitive norm and the second numerical index strictly positive satisfies the Bishop–Phelps–Bollobás point property, and we see that the one-dimensional space is the only one with both the numerical index 1 and the Bishop–Phelps–Bollobás point property. We also consider two weaker properties L $ {}_{p,p} $ p , p -nu and L $ {}_{o,o} $ o , o -nu, the local versions of Bishop–Phelps–Bollobás point and operator properties respectively, where the η which appears in their definition does not depend just on $ \varepsilon > 0 $ ε > 0 but also on a state $ (x, x^*) $ (x , x ∗) or on a numerical radius one operator T. We address the relation between the L $ {}_{p,p} $ p , p -nu and the strong subdifferentiability of the norm of the space X. We show that finite dimensional spaces and $ c_0 $ c 0 are examples of Banach spaces satisfying the L $ {}_{p,p} $ p , p -nu, and we exhibit an example of a Banach space with a strongly subdifferentiable norm failing it. We finish the paper by showing that finite dimensional spaces satisfy the L $ {}_{o,o} $ o , o -nu and that, if X has a strictly positive numerical index and has the approximation property, this property is equivalent to finite dimensionality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we propose a Grid-based Non-uniform Probability Density Sampling Probabilistic Roadmap algorithm (GN-PRM) in response to the challenges of difficult sampling in narrow passages and low-probability map generation in traditional Probabilistic Roadmap algorithms (PRM). The improved algorithm incorporates grid-based processing for map segmentation, employing non-uniform probability density sampling based on the different attributes of each block to enhance sampling probability in narrow passages. Additionally, considering the computational cost and frequent ineffective searches in traditional PRM algorithms during pathfinding, this paper optimizes the time required for query route planning by altering connection strategies to improve the algorithm's runtime. Finally, the simulation results indicate that, with a reduction of over 50% in undirected line segments and a reduction of over 85% in runtime, the GN-PRM algorithm achieves a 100% success rate in complex planning scenarios with a sampling point value of K = 500. In comparison, the traditional PRM algorithm has a success rate of no more than 10%, with a sampling point value of K = 500. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tourism, as a form of spending free time, has undergone numerous transformations in the last period of time, this is due both to globalization that contributed to the internationalization of tourist experiences, but also to recent events (such as the Covid-19 pandemic, economic crises, etc), but also changing the perception of tourism consumers regarding how they can spend their free time. Traditional or well-known destinations have started to face overcrowding, which is starting to be felt negatively by both residents and visitors who are starting to change their consumption habits regarding the locations they choose as tourist destinations. On the other hand, the challenges of the modern world regarding the effects of global warming, the sharp increase in the population, the depletion of planetary resources, but also the much greater concerns of the current generations regarding these aspects, make the choices we make regarding the choice leisure destinations to change and become more responsible. In this context, creative tourism as an increasingly sought-after option, among a growing category of consumers. In this paper, we set out to analyze the perception that tourism consumers in Romania have regarding this form of tourism. The research assumed, on the one hand, a bibliographic analysis regarding the term creative tourism and how this notion has evolved from the moment of its definition as a form of tourism in the 2000s until now, as well as from a study of case based on the application of a questionnaire to measure the perception of consumers regarding this form of tourism, but especially on the awareness of its existence. The questionnaire had 16 questions answered by 124 respondents. The data were centralized and interpreted with the help of the Excel program, the results highlighting the fact that although some of the respondents practice creative tourism, it is quite little known as a concept. The answers given by the study participants highlighted the fact that they are interested in practicing activities integrated into creative tourism, considering that there are many advantages both regarding the experiences they create, with the interactions they establish with the locals or with the other participants. At the same time, the impact that creative tourism practices have at the local level (both economic and social) is recognized. We consider that these results are useful not only at the micro level, but also at the macro level, under the conditions that the development strategies of the field of hospitality will be thought in such a way as to promote, integrate and develop this form of contemporary tourism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Superpixel segmentation can get the middle features in image processing, effectively reduce the dimensionality of the image, and is widely used in image processing fields. To get the regular and compact superpixels in real-time, a superpixel segmentation algorithm based on image density is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the image is uniformly divided according to the number of superpixels to be obtained. Secondly, to get the clustering ability of the pixels, the density image is produced. Thirdly, the seed is chosen in each sub-region block according to the density and then the superpixels are obtained by clustering. During the clustering process, the pixel around the seed should be added into the superpixel if it meets the conditions, and the small supeipixels are merged into the big superpixels around them. Finally, the result shows that the proposed algorithm has the best segmentation effect, and a good balance in accuracy, regularity, and time cost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]