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This paper examines the venture capital-driven process of making intangible assets in platform start-up firms. By examining the case study of the rise and fall of a venture capital-backed 'unicorn' firm developing a digital health platform, this paper argues that the process of real valorization of capital invested in platform start-up firms involves the making of algorithmic systems and data as intangible assets as well as the experimentation with strategies of exploitation and appropriation, which are inherently linked to the future-oriented financial valorization process of equity shares since unprofitable start-up firms continuously require outside capital to expand operations. While the fetish of 'artificial intelligence' posing the firm's chatbot for self-diagnosis as an intelligent 'doctor in your pocket' plays an important role in financial valorization, it is the failed real valorization process in making profits that ultimately leads to the platform start-up's financial collapse. The conceptual contribution of the paper centres on the contradictory nature of assetization processes which sheds light on how class domination operates in and through venture capital-driven accumulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we publish three fragments of a cuneiform tablet that, when complete, contained the dates and zodiacal positions of Saturn's synodic phenomena for roughly 60 years. The text is unique in containing comparisons of computed data with observations. Through an analysis of the preserved data we propose that the dates and positions were computed by an otherwise unknown two-zone System A-type scheme and show that the computed data in the tablet can be dated to the fourth century BC. This early date and the comparisons with observations suggest that the text was produced during the period of active development of the planetary systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Data from the marriage of paleomagnetism and archaeology (archaeomagnetism) are the backbone of attempts to create geomagnetic field models for ancient times. Paleointensity experimental design has been the focus of intensive efforts and the requirements and shortcomings are increasingly well understood. Some archaeological materials have excellent age control from inscriptions, which can be tied to a given decade or even a specific year in some cases. In this study, we analyzed fired mud bricks used for the construction of the Ishtar Gate, the entrance complex to the ancient city of Babylon in Southern Mesopotamia. We were able to extract reliable intensity data from all three phases of the gate, the earliest of which includes bricks inscribed with the name of King Nebuchadnezzar II (605 to 562 BCE). These results (1) add high quality intensity data to a region relatively unexplored so far (Southern Mesopotamia), (2) contribute to a better understanding of paleosecular variation in this region, and the development of an archaeomagnetic dating reference for one of the key regions in the history of human civilizations; (3) demonstrate the potential of inscribed bricks (glazed and unglazed), a common material in ancient Mesopotamia, to archaeomagnetic studies; and (4) suggest that the gate complex was constructed some time after the Babylonian conquest of Jerusalem, and that there were no substantial chronological gaps in the construction of each consecutive phase. The best fit of our data (averaging 136±2.1 ZAm2) with those of the reference curve (the Levantine Archaeomagnetic Curve) is 569 BCE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper first examines surviving testimonies on the doctrine of the Great Year in Heraclitus and attempts to demonstrate the reliability of Aëtius' version handed down by the mss., according to which the Great Year is equal to 18,000 solar years. On the basis of such evidence it is also possible to newly examine Diogenes of Babylon's views about this topic. In the second part, the paper better defines the relationship between the Great Year and the theory of cosmic conflagration. It argues that in the sources at our disposal there are enough elements to credit Heraclitus with the doctrine of Ekpyrosis, although, in all probability, the philosopher never provided an in-depth description of it. Finally, the same problem is analysed in relation to Diogenes of Babylon. In the most mature phase of his career, this Stoic departed from the Ekpyrosis doctrine of the early Stoics and especially of his master Chrysippus. The paper formulates some hypotheses on the reasons for this choice (arguing that it most probably reflects an original attitude towards Heraclitus on Diogenes' part) and highlights that it was hardly an isolated, 'heterodox' stance during the final phase of the early Stoa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Alustath is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

As the yoke of Babylon weighed on the exiled Judeans, music became one of the ways to let off their tension. Although they could not sing the joyful songs of the LORD, they composed lyrics about the depressing condition of being uprooted from their land of identity, Zion. Using the hermeneutics of identification, this article equates the experience of Judeans with the experience of many Zimbabweans in the diaspora, due to the worsening economy spanning from the Mugabe era up to the so-called ‘new dispensation’ under Mnangagwa. Just like the Judeans, some exiled Zimbabwean singers have also composed lyrics which express their pain in the diaspora and their longing to return to Zimbabwe. Despite having developed multiple roots in the diaspora, some still identify themselves with their rukuvute ‘umbilical cord’ back in their motherland, Zimbabwe. It is the argument of this paper that the loss of a structured, consistent and dependable world where cherished symbols of meaning are ridiculed and rejected and where value systems are diminished provides an important point of contact between the ancient texts (Psalm 137) and contemporary experience of diasporic Zimbabweans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Al-Adab / Al-ādāb is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The paper aims at analysing the existence, from Classical era to Late Antiquity, of the same and rather stereotypical conception regarding Chaldean (or Babylonian) culture - especially in the so-called Neoplatonic philosophers - despite the figure of Berossus, a native of Babylon and the author of a history of the region in Greek, who could have offered a reconstruction faithful to Babylonian tradition. Through an analysis of the fragments based also on the hermeneutical approach of Interpretivism, the paper will try to show how Berossus spontaneously adhered to the conception (if not the stereotypes) with which the Greeks used to portray the Chaldeans, and thus how he legitimized them in some ways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The shift towards renewable energies is driven by the shortage of fossil fuels for electricity generation and the associated harmful impacts. Grid-connected PV systems are a reliable and effective choice for power production across different uses, making them a key player in the global renewable energy landscape. Consequently, the careful selection of components for these systems is a crucial and widely studied aspect in this area of research. This paper introduced using gray wolf optimization algorithm GWO & whale optimization algorithm WOA for determining the optimal number of grid - connected bifacial photovoltaic PV systems in Babylon Hilla. The considered factors included available space, desired energy production, radiation, dihedral factor, budget constraints, and grid connectivity requirements. The mathematical formulation of the problem and implementation details of the algorithms are presented. In addition, two cases studied are performed one for a residential area, and the other for a single house. The results demonstrated the efficiency and effectiveness of both algorithms in identifying optimal solutions for determining the size of systems in the area under study. However, the WOA surpassed the GWO in meeting the optimization criteria. The proper selection of these systems resulted in higher power generation, lower costs, improved energy management, and the advancement of sustainable solar energy solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Magazine of Historical Studies & Archaeology is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In Aëtius 1.7.8 Mansfeld–Runia, Diogenes, Cleanthes and Oenopides are said to have maintained that the deity is the world-soul. However, the identity of the Diogenes whom the doxographer mentions here has long been a matter of scholarly dispute. In response to attempts to ascribe the doxa to Diogenes of Apollonia, this paper reassesses old arguments and proposes new considerations to argue that a fundamental aspect of Diogenes of Babylon's theology is at stake here. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Nabo is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Late Babylonian Astronomical Diaries and related texts contain a large body of records of astronomical phenomena which were carefully and systematically observed between about 600 BC and 50 BC. Most of these observations are of regular (cyclical) astronomical phenomena such as passages of the planets past certain stars, the first and last appearances, stations, and acronychal risings of the planets, and eclipses of the sun and moon. However, a smaller number of observations of irregular, transient astronomical phenomena were also recorded. In addition to being of historical interest, records of certain transient phenomena have applications in modern science. In this paper, we provide a catalog of three types of transient phenomena observed by the Babylonians – haloes, meteors, and comets – as well as some basic analysis of the records and the necessary contextual information to facilitate their analysis and use by other scholars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Though Nabû is well known in Babylonian religion as the minister of its patron god Marduk, and Tašmētu as Nabû's wife, this paper argues that they were not originally envisioned as such. Instead, both the god and goddess seem to have been introduced into Marduk's circle over the course of the Old Babylonian period, having previously been venerated in independent cults. Unexpected appearances of Tašmētu within the ritual practices of Babylon also suggest that she was only recognized as Nabû's wife after they were both integrated into the Babylonian pantheon. Evidence of their early independence and subsequent assimilation is drawn from a wide pool of contemporary sources, including god lists, onomastics, and seal inscriptions, as well as descriptions of traditional ritual arrangements from later periods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the AquaCrop model was employed to analyze the impact of projected future climate changes on the water usage and biomass production of potato crops in Babylon, Iraq, under varying irrigation methods. The irrigation techniques evaluated included sprinkler irrigation, surface drip irrigation, and subsurface drip irrigation at depths of 10 cm and 20 cm. The study involved simulating and forecasting conditions for the year 2050, comparing them to current conditions. The model measured and predicted the evapotranspiration (ETa) and actual biomass of potato crops for 2050 using the RCP 8.5 scenarios, which outline different trajectories for greenhouse gas emissions. The AquaCrop model was calibrated and validated using statistical measures such as the R2, RMSE, CV, EF, and D, achieving a 99% accuracy level in its performance. The findings suggest that using drip irrigation systems and applying the AquaCrop model significantly mitigates the adverse effects of environmental stress on desert soils and enhances sustainable agricultural practices in arid regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microplastics, as plastic fragments less than 5 millimeters (mm), are a global environmental concern that can provide a primary risk related to food contamination. Shellfish are marine organisms that are commonly subjected to microplastic contamination. The objectives of this study were to investigate microplastic contamination in spotted babylon (Babylonia areolata) and green mussels (Perna viridis) from supermarkets, local markets, and wholesale shops in Lampang province, Thailand. The results showed that spotted babylon and green mussels from the wholesale shop had the highest number of contaminated microplastics, with 1.67 ± 2.89 and 0.67 ± 0.58 particles/g wet weight, respectively. The average number of microplastics in the spotted babylon and green mussels were 0.89 ± 0.69 and 0.44 ± 0.19 particles/g wet weight, respectively. However, the number of microplastics was not significantly different among supermarkets, local markets, and wholesale shops (p > 0.05), and there was no significant difference between spotted babylon and green mussels (p > 0.05). The average length of microplastic particles found in spotted babylon and green mussels was 0.13 ± 0.14 and 0.12 ± 0.07 mm, respectively. The predominant fragment shape of microplastics found in spotted babylon and green mussels were 100.00% and 66.67%, respectively. The dominant colors of the microplastics found in spotted babylon and green mussels were blue (50.00%) and black (66.67%), respectively. The major microplastics detected were polypropylene (PP) in spotted babylon; PP and polyethylene terephthalate in green mussels. These polymers are commonly used in protective packaging and containers. Therefore, the findings of this study recommended microplastic prevention policies, especially regarding fishing and aquaculture sources. These policies could include monitoring the concentrations of microplastics in both wild and farmed seafood, encouraging circular design for fishing, evaluating the hazards and effects of microplastics on consumers, marking and tracking fishing gear to discourage discarding and facilitating the recovery of missing gear, and requiring the reporting of lost fishing and aquaculture gear to public authorities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines how English Catholics imagined Jerusalem and Israel in relation to themselves, their nation and their Church. While English Protestant uses of Jerusalem imagery have been well-studied, their inter-confessional context has received less attention, and yet it was crucial to shaping them. Catholic deployments of Old Testament images and typology were no less sophisticated and significant than Protestant ones; English Catholic texts show how multivalent imagery of Jerusalem and its antithesis, Babylon, could be used both to express and to attempt to resolve tensions between the officially Protestant nation and the "true" Church. Exploring Catholic conceptions of Jerusalem, England and the Church is valuable because it offers insight into the culture that formed English Catholic recusants, missionaries, exiles and politicians, but also because it is important to a properly integrated account of the religious politics of England. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amoebiasis is a widespread parasitic disease caused by Entamoeba histolytica (E. histolytica), affecting various hosts, such as humans, birds, and pigs. This study aimed to investigate Entamoeba spp. in monkeys (Macaca spp.) diagnose them using molecular methods. A total of 33 fecal samples were collected from monkeys (Macaca spp.) aged 3-5 years in Babylon province to investigate a common and zoonotic parasitic disease. Initially, microscopic examination was conducted on all samples, and those yielding positive results were preserved for molecular study. The DNA was extracted, and conventional PCR was carried out with a pair of primers to detect the 857 bp fragment of E. histolytica SSU rRNA gene. PCR results for 19 fecal samples, previously identified as positive by the direct smear method, from monkeys in the reserves of Babylon province indicated that the presence of the SSUrRNA gene with an 857 bp was 45% in only 15 samples. Sequencing of the SSUrRNA gene revealed 98-100% similarity with E.histolytica sequences deposited in International GenBank, which have the sequence numbers OP522013, OP522014, OP522015, OP522016, OP522017, Op626161, Op626162, Op626163, Op626164, and Op626165. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the most problematic and devastating diseases affecting cucumber production is Fusarium wilt (Cucumis sativus L.). The present study aimed to characterize Fusarium species isolated from three different regions of cucumber fields in Babylon province, Iraq and identify them based on morphological features and phylogenetic analyses. This study showed the presence of Fusarium incarnatum, F. solani and F. oxysporum in cucumber roots. Fusarium species were phylogenetically analyzed based on internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions. All Fusarium isolates were pathogenic to cucumber cultivars but varied significantly in their growth and pathogenicity toward cucumber seeds during the experiment. F. solani-2 was greater in growth and pathogenicity than all other Fusarium species. In contrast, F. solani-1 was the lowest. The data obtained from morphological and molecular studies sufficiently supported each other, and the phylogenetic trees based on ITS were distinguished. Closely related species and distinctly separated all morphological taxa. These findings are reported for the first time for the cucumber plant in Babylon province. All these ITS sequences showed homologous to those of Fusarium species isolates in the GenBank database with a similarity percentage of 99%. To the best of present knowledge, this is the first molecular record of F. incarnatum on the cucumber plants in Iraq. The study concluded that F. incarnatum was reported for the first time in Iraq and worldwide as a causal agent of wilt disease in cucumber plants. The three species of Fusarium have different pathogenic abilities, highlighting their disease incidence, growth, and pathogenicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Igdir University Journal of Social Sciences / Iğdır Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi is the property of Igdir University Journal of Social Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Alustath is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Neosporosis is internationally documented as one of the most popular diseases in cattle that cause economic losses due to high levels of abortion cases. Although Neospora caninum has been recently classified as a new species, it is still sharing many features with Toxoplasma gondii. This study aimed to detect and Imaging N. caninum in the blood of aborted cows, and prevalence study of N. caninum infection based on age, region and month. Blood samples from 106 aborted cows were collected using the appropriate method. First, these samples were examined microscopically via blood smears using Giemsa dye to diagnose the N. caninum within RBC. A qPCR technique was carried out to detect accurately 18S rRNA gene accurately. The results revealed that 65% of total aborted cases were positive for 18S rRNA detection of N. caninum, although this parasite was found microscopically in 15% of blood smear samples. According to PCR results, the prevalence study showed that the highest rate of infection was signed in the Al-Qassim district (75%) followed by the Al-Mahaweel district (74%) and decreased in Western Hamza district (48%). According to study months, November recorded the peak of infection (88%), then August (71%), whereas July recorded the lowest percentage (50%). The statistical analysis revealed there was no significant difference between the subjected regions and study months based on (P<0.05). On the other hand, it was found that cows less than 3 years old were more susceptible to infection than those over 3 years old. the results revealed that 71% of infected cows were less than 3 years old, while 29% were at age over 3 years old with a significant difference (P<0.005). In conclusion, N. caninum can be detected through blood within RBC. Age and regional factors in cows play an important role in resisting infection with this pathogen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to reveal the acute toxicity and physiological changes of the spotted babylon (Babylonia areolata) in response to environmental manipulation, the spotted babylon was exposed to three pH levels (7.0, 8.0 and 9.0) of seawater and four concentrations of nitrite nitrogen (0.02, 2.7, 13.5 and 27 mg/L). The activities of six immunoenzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), catalase (CAT), acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (AKP) and peroxidase (POD), were measured. The levels of pH and nitrite nitrogen concentrations significantly impacted immunoenzyme activity over time. After the acute stress of pH and nitrite nitrogen, the spotted babylon appeared to be unresponsive to external stimuli, exhibited decreased vigor, slowly climbed the wall, sank to the tank and could not stand upright. As time elapsed, with the extension of time, the spotted babylon showed a trend of increasing and then decreasing ACP, AKP, CAT and SOD activities in order to adapt to the mutated environment and improve its immunity. In contrast, POD and GSH-PX activities showed a decrease followed by an increase with time. This study explored the tolerance range of the spotted babylon to pH, nitrite nitrogen, and time, proving that external stimuli activate the body's immune response. The body's immune function has a specific range of adaptation to the environment over time. Once the body's immune system was insufficient to adapt to this range, the immune system collapsed and the snail gradually died off. This study has discovered the suitable pH and nitrite nitrogen ranges for the culture of the spotted babylon, and provides useful information on the response of the snail's immune system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pphr rubber with different Carbon percentage is extensively used in engineering applications such as tyres, in which it may be subjected to impact loading leading to high strain rate deformation. This causes large deformations to happen at a variety of strain rates of the material. For this reason, the Babylon industrial company in Iraq suggested a modification of the rubber material used in manufacturing tyres by using different percentages of Carbon black to study the mechanical properties of these materials over a range of loading conditions. Also, the high strain rate and with break strain dependent on their properties provides further reasoning for the research. As for this, the material being irradiated by five percentages of Carbon black makes it vital within the manufacturing process of specific tyres. This work aims to characterise the effects of Carbon percentage on the mechanical properties of pphr rubber. The material was irradiated by five different percentages of Carbon black of pphr rubber dose, Carbon black 30 pphr, Carbon black 40 pphr, Carbon black 50 pphr, Carbon black 60 pphr, and Carbon black 70 pphr. It is a mechanical response, which was studied with the help of uniaxial tensile tests with different strain rates. Previous experimental results are utilised within the Ogden's Model to obtain the parameters for the simulation of the material response using the finite element method (FEM) for comparison purposes. Ogden's Model with first, second, and third-order equations to provide the simulation of the tensile test curves is compared to the experimental curves. Ultimately, it was found that values up to N = 3 produced reasonable results with varying values of pphr and that any value higher only resulted in error within the simulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Anthropology of the Middle East is the property of Berghahn Books and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The main objective of this work is the modeling of a combined heat and power (CHP) system that transforms waste from manufacturing date molasses in the Babylon province in central Iraq into electrical and thermal energy. A compact CHP facility that uses date waste (pomace and pits) as a feedstock is the subject of theoretical modeling and simulation research. The planned power plant consists of a downdraft gasifier, a microturbine (MT), and an organic Rankine cycle engine (ORC) as a bottom unit to maximize electric generation by recovering the MT exhaust gas heat and achieving a maximum electric output. The net electric production is 361.68 kW (280 kW from the MT unit and 81.68 kW from the ORC unit). To determine the best‐working fluid for the ORC system as a whole, three working fluids, including isopentane, benzene, and R113, were investigated. The temperature difference between the heat source and the fluid's boiling point is a key factor in choosing a more appropriate ORC working fluid. Isopentane is the most suitable working fluid for CHP applications, according to the findings of the simulation. The electric efficiency achieved is 30%, and the overall efficiency of the CHP plant was 56.87% from the gasification of date pits. The simulation results showed a satisfactory producer gas lower calorific value of 3.92 MJ k‐g‐1 for date pomace and 4.65 MJ k‐g‐1 for date pits, and cold gasification efficiencies of 73% and 76% for pomace and pits, respectively. © 2023 Society of Industrial Chemistry and John Wiley & Sons Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Baghdad Science Journal is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Euphrates River is one of the most important sources of running water in Iraq. In this study, the dissolved and suspended heavy metals in the Euphrates River are measured by taking water samples from four different sites between three provinces Babylon, Al-Najaf, and Al-Diwaniyah. The results of the samples, which were taken between May 2013 and April 2014, showed that the values of cadmium (imperceptible -0.075) ppm for the dissolved and (0.0043 to 0.2705) ppm for the suspended, while the values of lead ranged between (imperceptible - 0.0232) ppm for the dissolved and (0.0045-0.148) for the suspended and for zinc, recorded (imperceptible– 0.0168) ppm for the dissolved and recorded (0.0115 – 0.316) ppm for the suspended; for copper between (imperceptible – 0.0273) ppm for the dissolved and (0.0062 – 0.063) ppm for the suspended and for chromium between (imperceptible –0.0193) ppm for the dissolved and between (0.0043- 0.0449) ppm for the suspended and manganese between (imperceptible -0.0256) ppm for the dissolved and between (0.0085-0.0739) ppm for the suspended manganese. All the above confirms the pollution of the river water with heavy metals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study was carried out in one of the private nurseries affiliated to Babylon Governorate for the period from 15 -04-2021 to 30-10-2021, the present study aimed to determine the effects of gibberellic acid foliar application and humic acid addition to the growth medium on the growth traits of apple (Malus domestica cv. Anna) seedlings, was carried out in 2021 at the Babylon Governorate, Iraq. Four different levels of gibberellin acid (0, 50, 100, and 200 mg.L-1) and humic acid (0, 50, 100, 150 ml.L-1) were used in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with a factorial arrangement and three replications. Results revealed that foliar application of gibberellin acid (100 mg.L-1) was found significantly superior in significantly enhancing the values of growth traits in apple seedlings i.e., stem length (86.98 cm), branches per seedling (9.45), leaves per seedling (180.25), leaf area (32.83 dm²), dry weight of seedlings (39.25 g), chlorophyll content (44.30 spad), the nitrogen content of the leaves (2.83%), phosphorus content (0.41%), and potassium content (2.34%). Adding humic acid to the growth medium at the level of 150 ml.L-1 significantly excelled and gave the highest average values for the above traits reaching 84.13 cm, 9.68 branches, 175.85 leaves, 32.30 dm2, 41.88 g, 45.55 spad, 2.90%, 0.43%, and 2.39% for the above traits, respectively. The combination of gibberellin acid (100 mg.L-1) and humic acid (150 ml.L-1) provided the highest average values for the above characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Battle of Halule took place in 691 BC between the Assyrian Empire on the one hand and a large coalition of Elam and Babylonian kings and their allies on the other. The reports of Assyrian and Babylonian sources have contradictions in mentioning the events of this important battle, which makes conclusions about the hidden angles of this battle more complicated. Based on historical documents and reports and with a descriptive-analytical method, the present research tried to answer the main question of the causes of occurrence of the Battle of Halule, its results and consequences in the era of ancient times. The Assyrians bordered the Elamites after the capture of Babylon during the reign of Tiglath Pileser III. After that, the Elamites supported the Babylonian rebels against the Assyrians in order to prevent the Assyrian attacks on the Zagros. This brought about the Battle of Halule. The results of this research show that apart from the Assyrians' combative spirit and the achievement of Zagros region trophies, the direct or indirect domination of the parties over the land of Babylon caused the Battle of Halule. Although the Assyrians did not achieve their goals in this battle, after the war the policy of the Assyrian kings focused on capturing Babylon and destroying Elam. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Iraq (00210889) is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A field experiment was conducted in one of the private farms located in the Abi Gharq area - Babylon province for the autumn season of 2021 to grow the potato crop, Burren cultivar. The study included two factors, the first factor was different levels of bio-health fertilizer at three levels (0, 4 and 6) kg.ha-1 which are symbolized by symbols (D0, D1 and D2). While the second factor represented phosphorous additives at three levels (0, 5, and 100) kg.ha-1 symbolized by symbols (P0, P1, and P2) sequentially. The experiment was conducted in the Randomized complete block design (RCBD). The results showed that adding Bio health fertilizer treatment (D2) gave the highest growth indicators for potato crops, which did not differ significantly from the treatment of adding biofertilizer (D1) for some indicators. Also, treatment (D2) achieved the highest concentrations of nutrients N, P and K in the tubers and the concentration and quantity of nutrients available in the soil after extraction, which was 1.74% N, 0.386% P, 2.63% K, 47.46 mg N, 28.61 mg P and 226.56 mg K and the highest indicators of the qualitative traits of starch in tubers were 12.60%, 12.31% for protein, and 17.60% for the percentage of dry matter in tubers. While the addition of phosphate fertilizer to the treatment (P2) led to an increase in all study indicators of indicators (plant height, number of main stems, leaf area, percentage of chlorophyll) amounting to 54.23 cm, 2.89 stems.Plant-1, 5880 cm². plant, 58.81 spad unit. The treatment of adding phosphate fertilizer to the (P2) treatment achieved the highest yield of tubers, which amounted to 41.07 tons.ha-1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study was performed to evaluate the influence of delay of wheat harvesting date, wheat cultivar and roll gaps on milling results. Three soft Iraqi wheat cultivars (Wheat Abugraib W1, Babylon W3, and Tahady W4) and cultivar (Barcelona W2) were used in the experiment. Experiment of milling was performed on a laboratory roll mill at two different harvesting date (full maturity) and (20 days after maturity) by using two roll gaps: 0.3 and 0.5 mm. The mill was connected to a computer system in order to record energy consumption of grinding. Sifter Lap was used to estimate the mean particle size of ground material. Higher values of energy consumption and mean particle size for Spain and Iraqi soft wheat cultivars were compared. As the roll gaps increased, the mean particle size and energy consumption had been decreased at the conditions of experiment. The statistical analyses showed clear differences for all grinding tests results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research aims to study the physical properties of the volumetric distribution of soil separations (sand, silt and clay) and soil texture and the study area was chosen in the Sadat Al-Hindiya sub-district in central Iraq within the middle Euphrates region south of Baghdad in the Babylon province. It is located in the southwest of the Al-Musayyib district, 12 km away from the city of Hilla, 25 km away. The area of the area included in the study is 627.79 hectares and is confined between longitudes 437247 to 438810 east and latitudes 3612720 to 3620047 north. Its coordinates were determined by the GPS system and revealed 8 pedons, including six pedons cultivated with fruits, vegetables, grains and pedons to soils left uncultivated for control, as for the total number of samples in that area, there was 32 samples for four different depths representing the study area (30-0), (60-30), (90-60) and (120-90) cm. The laboratory results showed that there were variations in the physical traits, where the silt content was the most variable, then followed by clay and then sand, soil use. As for the content of separated clay, the results of the study indicated that its distribution was similar to that of silt and the distribution of clay in this pattern is due to the nature of sedimentation, agricultural operations and the type of use in the soil. The study also showed that the sand was the least variable, as the distribution of sand in the horizons of the pedons depends on the nature of sedimentation in the area and the type of soil use for agriculture. As the distribution of soil separations changes slightly due to irrigation water and the transfer of fine particles from clay and silt to the lower horizons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aimed to investigate the spread of green and blue mold disease in stores and local markets, isolate and diagnose the causes of this disease, and study the efficiency of using plant extracts against pathogens under laboratory conditions. The results showed isolating the pathogen from the infected orange fruits, which were collected randomly from the local markets of Babylon Governorate / Al-Musayyab district. Four isolates of Pencillium digitatum and three isolates of Pencillium italicum were obtained. One isolate of Aspergillus fumigatus was discovered, and this is the first record in Iraq. The test results showed that all isolates obtained from local markets were pathogenic to orange fruits. The results of this study showed the superiority of tea extract with all concentrations used to inhibit the growth of P. digitatum and P. italicum, which gave an average inhibition rate of 85.18, 87.77 and 90.73%, respectively, for concentrations 5, 10 and 15%, respectively, for P. digitatum. The average inhibition percentage was 86.85, 88.88 and 91.1% for the concentrations 5, 10 and 15%, respectively for P. italicum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The field experiment was conducted in one of the fields belonging to Babylon province during the winter season 2018-2019 using a Randomized complete block design (RCBD) in order to study the effect of adding organic manure (cow waste) at three levels (0, 25, 50) tons.ha-1. It is symbolized by (M2, M1 and M0) as the first factor. As for the second one, it guarantees the salinity of irrigation water in three levels, which are 1.3, 4.5, 9.0 ds.m-1 and symbolized by W3, W2 and W1 for each of them, respectively. The plots were planted with an area of (3 * 2) m² with wheat seeds and with three replications, so that the number of experimental units became 27 experimental units, in order to study the effect of organic fertilizer (cow waste) and irrigation with saline water on some indicators of growth and availability of some nutrients. The most important can be summarized and the results are as follows: 1- The addition of organic manure (cow waste) led to an increase in the growth indicators, which are the plant height, the grain yield, and the weight of 1000 grains, whose value reached 94.25 at the level of 50 tons.ha-1, 3.17 tons.ha-1 and 43.25 g, respectively. 2- Increasing the salinity of the irrigation water led to a decrease in all growth indicators and the highest value of these indicators was at the level of salinity of irrigation water (1.3) ds.m-1. The plant height, grain yield and weight of 1000 grains were 91.65 cm, 2.34 ton.ha-1 and 40.45 g each, respectively. 3- The addition of organic manure (sheep manure ) led to an increase in the availability of all nutrients in the soil after harvest, which are nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium availability in the soil after harvest and its highest value was at the level (50 tons. ha-1). 4- Increasing the salinity level of the irrigation water led to an increase in the availability of elements in the soil represented by both phosphorous and potassium availability in the soil after harvest at the level (9.0) ds.m-1 of nitrogen. 5- The interaction between the organic fertilizer and the salinity of the irrigation water were all significantly affected in increasing all growth indicators of wheat crop and the availability of nutrients in the soil after harvest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Al-Mustansiriyah Journal of Science is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The history of Babylon, fused from the Christian Bible and classical sources, occupied a critical, but hitherto unacknowledged, place in the conceptual life of Americans in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. By examining the uses of Babylon and Babel, which early Americans conceived of as the same historical place, this article works to expand historians' understanding of empire in the early modern Atlantic. From the American Revolution through a second "Great Awakening" and the demise of the Federalist party, many Americans turned to Babylon as a model to grapple with their country's growing imperial aspirations. Since the fall of the Tower of Babel the history of Babylon reflected and formed a larger ambivalence toward empire in ways that distinguished it from the familiar narrative of decline and fall. Those who wrestled with Babylon's story saw potential for a lasting empire in the world but were torn as to whether that empire aught to be one of liberty or uniformity. Ultimately, Babylon provided a conceptual space in which Americans wrestled with how best to be a Godly empire. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Personality can be considered one of the most fundamental and important topics concerned with an individual's abilities and capabilities, which accompany and guide him throughout his life and change, grow, and develop during the stages of an individual's life, and personality from a specialized scientific perspective is a topic that participates in the study of many sciences, the most important of which are psychology, sociology and management. The leadership has a social role played by the leader during his interaction with the other group that they work with, and leadership is a form of social interaction between the leader and the group. The studies focused on the professional and cognitive aspect of the educational supervisor and left important aspects, like the psychological aspects, with the scarcity of research and studies on administrative and psychological aspects, especially with regard to the personality of the supervisor, so the researcher decided to study this problem and find appropriate solutions. The aim of the research is to identify the differences in the dimensions of the leadership personality among educational supervisors in physical education, the center of Babylon province to identify the type of relationship between the leadership personality and the performance efficiency of educational supervisors. The study included 29 educational supervisors in physical education from the province of Babylon's central region. Through the use of two scales, the researcher adopted a descriptive strategy in the survey study (the leadership personality scale and the scientific performance efficiency scale), and the researcher concludes the following: - 1. The educational supervisors in the province of Babylon's central region have a good leadership personality. 2. It was found that the educational supervisors in the province of Babylon's central region have good performance efficiency. 3. There is a link between the leadership personality of educational supervisors in physical education and sport sciences and their performance efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) and ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) were collected on the eastern side of the northern Ishtar gate in ancient Babylon, Iraq, to locate the palace wall and other surrounding walls. Due to the presence of a low resistivity (highly conductive) top layer associated with brick rubble and other debris, the GPR reflection profiles show a high‐energy attenuation, but a series of processing and filtering steps produced coherent reflections of about 2 m depth. Profile analysis shows the geometry and layering of the walls and the surrounding matrix. With the ERT, the surface conductive zone produces various distortions in ERT inverse models, making identifying the features' lower boundaries difficult. Here, we suggest that instead of analysing these two data sets independently, the integration of both reveals not just the walls but their composition and defines material in the surrounding units. This integration shows how the interpretation of the shallow features on the 3D ERT maps is improved by comparison and interpretation in conjunction with the reflections visible on both reflection profiles and the 3D GPR amplitude slices. The orientation of these features and reflections emphasizes the existence of one series of buried walls at a depth of 90–150 cm. The thickness of these walls varies between 0.25 and 1 m. Another wall‐like feature is visible only on 3D ERT maps and not with the 3D GPR slices at 2 m depth, which indicates a thickness of 11 m. It is interpreted as the palace wall, which is consistent with earlier archaeological excavations. An analysis of the geometry and composition of both wall components, perhaps of different ages, and constructed for different reasons, indicates that some shallower walls may be the remains of rooms built as residences for soldiers, or they may belong to the other ruins of northern Ishtar gate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Iraqi Journal of Science is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of research is to identify the reason for limited of wheat growers fertilizer seed technology in field of wheat cultivation in Babylon province. To achieve research objective a layout for identify the reason for limited by literature and Sciences studies in the field of agricultural extension and agree experts group, the layout for organization Situation of rural woman consisted of 32 items was prepared und distributed on 4 areas which are: Agricultural Policies, Technical aspects, Extension activities, processing. The provinces of Babylon were chooses as research region. Data were collected in 11-4-2021 until l0-5-2021 from 70 farmers, through questionnaire and by interview and formal documents. The results showed that level use wheat grows are descript weakly in Babylon province in general and tow research areas special. Wheat weak role of agricultural extension of transfer and dissemination the modern technology general and fertilizer seed technology specially. The author recommends to turn role of agricultural extension of transfer and dissemination the modern technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vitamin D2 has an immunomodulatory effect on asthma. The association between vitamin D2 and asthma is still uncertain. The study aims to measure concentrations of vitamin D2 in the serum of asthmatic adults and to match these to asthma-free healthy controls. A cross-sectional comparative study had conducted from August 2020 to December 2020 in the adult respiratory clinic of the Merjan Teaching Hospital, Babylon, Iraq. The measurements of FeNo and vitamin D2 were obtained for asthmatic adults (n-127) and compared to (age and sex) matched, asthma-free a healthy control (n-113). Data had collected on planned performa and managed by SPSS-23. The authors used descriptive statistics for the features of the subjects. Fisher's-exact and Chi-squared test had applied for proportions. For the continuous variables, Students'-test and ANOVA had used to evaluate statistical significance depending on the distribution of the variable. Correlation of FeNo results with vitamin D2 had used. ROC analyses had been applied to estimate the predictability, sensitivity, specificity and significance of vitamin D2 for asthma diagnosis. The mean age of the studied participants was 34.1±6.9years, with no significant age differences between the groups. Serum vitamin D2 levels were ranged between 10.4-47.9ng/ml (19.7±6.9ng/ml). The serum vitamin D2 levels were parallel between the two groups, and only <10% show deficient levels (<20ng/ml). There was a positive non-significant correlation (r-0.067, p-0.54) of FeNo measures with serum levels of vitamin D2 among asthmatic patients. ROC curve analyses revealed that vitamin D2 showed less predictability and significance than FeNo to distinguish asthmatic from healthy subjects. In conclusion, the authors did not report any associations of serum vitamin D2 with the incidence of BAs, despite a significant difference in the distribution of vitamin D2 classes between the well-controlled and the poorly controlled asthma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) was first discovered in Wuhan city (China) in patients with severe respiratory disorders and the disease which it cause named scientifically as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Since, its discovery, more than 1,338,604 of COVID-19 case was confirmed between Iraqi peoples a while 30 June 2021 with nearly 17,156 death cases. In order to detect the association of COVID-19 with elevated IL-6 and others blood parametres as D-dimer, C-reactive protein, Ferritin and Lactate dehydrogenase and some other risk factors as age, gender, smoking and place of residence, the study conducted 70 people were devided into three groups. Under 30 year, between 30 to 40 year and above 40 year and also 20 healthy subject were taken as a control group. Levels of IL-6 and the other hematological parameters were estimeated using Automated fluorescent immunoassay system (AFIAS-6) technique. The result showed a significant increase in the level of IL-6 and the other hematological parameters studied in all age groups of COVID-19 patients in comparison with the healthy subjects group. The results also showed that patients with blood group type (o+) were the most frequent in the disease in the study by percent (35.71%) followed by patients with AB+, A+ and B+ and A- blood group type and amounted (25.71%, 18.57%, 14.9% and 5.72%), respectively. Results also showed that the age groups above 40 years were most frequent with the disease in comparison with group of between 30 to 40 and group of under 30 year. The disease was more common in males compared to females in this study and also was more common among non-smokers and between urban residents more than among city residents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article aims to re-read Rev 17:16 amid the catastrophic patterns of sexual abuse in the Catholic Church. Employing narratological methods as well as a close reading of the text, it is argued that Rev 17:16 can be coherently read as the violent sexual punishment of an anthropomorphic female character. Signals in the text point to God's involvement in this punishment and to its overall positive evaluation. Considering reader's realities in the context of sexual abuse and its cover-up, the article argues for the necessity of taking a positional stance while reading biblical 'texts of sexual terror'. Such a positional stance must have visible effects on a responsible reading and interpretation of the 'great whore's' story. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three major corpora of architectural glazed bricks from Ancient Mesopotamia dating to the Neo-Assyrian (Aššur and Khorsabad sites) and the Neo-Babylonian (Babylon site) Periods have been submitted to an in-depth comparative study of the orange–yellow and black glazes. Distinct hues in the orange–yellow range were observed according to the archaeological site. They appear to have been well mastered by the glassmakers, consisting in the ex situ preparation of the antique lead antimonate pigment and its mixing with transparent soda-lime glass frit or with the glass-forming components. The intentional addition of hematite or of Cu2+ colouring ions in a controlled amount is suggested in two cases. SEM-EDX and Raman analysis of the lead antimonate pigments have pointed out different chemical substitutions in their pyrochlore structure, mainly Fe3+ in the Sb5+ site and Ca2+ in the Pb2+ site, the proportion of which being correlated to the pigment shade (from pale yellow to orange–red). Part of these substitutions arises from the chemical reaction of the pigment with the hematite and glass melt during firing. Regarding the black glazes, an unexpected colouring technique involving copper sulphide nanoparticles together with the chromophore Fe3+-S2− is highlighted for Khorsabad (8th century BC) and for Babylon (6th century BC). For Aššur blacks, the study reveals a change in their colouring technique between the 9th and 8th centuries BC, from a colouration with Mn oxides to an enigmatic one that could also have involved copper sulphide nanoparticles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although it can help avoid far too literal translations of metaphorical expressions, the reconstruction of metaphorical mapping is still an unclaimed instrument of pre-translation analysis. This research aims at a pre-translation analysis of a book of poems, Babylon in a Jar (1998) by Andrew Hudgins, which has not been previously translated into Russian. The method for linguistic metaphor identification created by G. Steen is applied for the first time in this study as an instrument of pre-translation analysis. Firstly, key conceptual metaphors of the book are identified: death is departure, life is a journey, plants are people, and emotional intimacy is physical closeness. Secondly, the relationship between source and target domains is analysed. For example, the source domain for the metaphor people are plants is a daffodil, a tree, or a chinaberry. In Western cultures, a chinaberry symbolizes the tree of knowledge and in A. Hudgins' poem, this idea is mapped onto knowledge about sinful human nature. Thirdly, translation strategies are outlined. In the translated version, another plant is introduced to preserve the original cross-domain mapping because the chinaberry tree is not familiar to Russian readers. Based on conceptual metaphor theory, this research seeks to integrate the reconstruction of metaphorical mapping into a pretranslation analysis, which allows for the preservation of the spirit of the original version. These insights advance interdisciplinary research on poetry interpretation and the practice of translation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Basrah Researches (Sciences) is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Crop models of simulation are utilised effectively to evaluate the management of irrigation strategies which help in managing the water use. The aim of this study was to verify the validity of the Aquacrop model of maize under the surface and sprinkler irrigation systems, and a cultivation system, borders and furrows, and for two varieties of Maze (Fajr and Drakma) at two different sites in Iraq, i.e. the Babylon and Al-Qadisiyah governorates. The current study conducted an experiment to evaluate the Aquacrop model capacity in simulating canopy cover (CC), biomass (B), dry yield, harvest index (HI), and water productivity (WP). The results of RMSE, R², MAE, d, NSE, CC, Pe indicated good results and high compatibility between the measured and simulated values. The highest achieved results were identical to the method of sprinkler irrigation due to the decrease in the amount of water consumed and the furrows cultivation method as the aerial roots were covered and the cultivar was Drakma. The highest values for the statistical data were R² (90 and 96%), RMSE (0.60, 0.73), MAE (0.5, 0.67), d (0.97, 0.97), NSE (0.87, 0.90), for the Babylon and Al-Qadisiyah sites, respectively. As for the CC values, they were very compatible with the values of R² and ranged between (92-99)%. The prediction error was Pe and minor errors were found. Thus, the Aquacrop model can be used reliably to evaluate the effectiveness of proposed irrigation management strategies for maize. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A field experiment was conducted for the autumn season 2020 in the winter agricultural season of 2020 in one of the private farms of the Al-Watifiya area in the Al-Mussaib Al-Kabeer project, 35 km north of Babylon province, with coordinates [Longitudes (44°22' and 44°31'E) and two latitudes (32°32' and 32°36'N)] and in a loamy soil to study the effect of spraying the growth regulator gibberellin and the substance organic growth and yield of Nigella Sativa L. It used 4 levels of organic matter added to the soil (sheep manure) (0, 5, 10, 15 tons.ha-1) and 4 levels of gibberellin growth regulator spraying (0, 50, 100, 200 mg.L-1). The factorial experiment was conducted by the Randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates and the averages of traits were compared with the least significant difference test with a probability of 5%. The results indicated that the treatment of adding organic matter at a level of 15 tons.ha-1 was significantly excelled in increasing the growth indicators and yield of black seed plant, as it achieved the highest averages, which reached 69.4 cm for the length of the main stem, 8.4 vegetative branches, 66.0g for the dry weight of the plant, 21.1 flowers for the number of flowers and 15.2 packets per plant, 87.4 seeds per packet, 3.63g for 1000-seed weight and 114.2kg. dunum -1 for total seed yield, while the growth regulator spray treatment at the level of 100 mg.L-1 was excelled in increasing the averages of the above traits and reached 72.1cm, 8.3 branches, 70.4g, 21.0 flowers, 13.7 cans, 88.8 seeds, 3.53g and 117.3 kg.dunum-1, respectively. There were no significant differences between spraying gibberellin at the level of 100 mg.L-1 and the level of 200 mg.L-1. In terms of the best combination, the treatment (adding 15 tons.ha-1 of organic matter + spraying 100 mg.L-1) was excelled in giving the highest averages for the above traits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]