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The development of eco-friendly lubricant is the requirement of the times. In this paper, the modified IF-WS 2 nanoparticles are added to castor oil as additives to prepare mixed lubricant. The lubrication performances of the mixed oil are investigated by ball-on-disc rotary friction tester, and then the surface scratches are characterized by depth of field digital microscope, scanning electron microscope and Raman spectrometer. Experiments reveal that compared with the base oil, the friction coefficient and worn volume decrease by 27.4% and 47.2% after adding modified IF-WS 2 as additives under 300 rpm and 5 N conditions, respectively. From mechanism analysis, this improvement in lubrication performance is attributed to the polarity of castor oil and the unique pressure bearing structure and dispersion stability of modified IF-WS 2 , which makes that the castor oil molecules can better adsorb around the modified IF-WS 2 to form heavy loading bearing friction oil film so as to reduce friction and wear. In summary, results indicate the mixture of modified IF-WS 2 nanoparticles and vegetable lubricating oil has an attractive prospect in the field of environmentally-friendly products. [Display omitted] • The chemical modification of IF-WS 2 is successfully carried out by oleic acid. • A new environment-friendly and efficient lubricating oil is synthesized. • Friction coefficient and worn volume decrease by 27.4% and 47.2%. • Anti-wear mechanism of modified IF-WS 2 nanoparticles in castor oil is studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]