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In this paper, we propose an integrated method, called quantile mediation analysis, which combines quantile regression and mediation analysis, to examine the impact of renewable energy on carbon dioxide emissions, whether connected to or separate from through economic growth, from 1990 to 2018 in Taiwan. The results of this novel approach indicate that Taiwan's renewable energy did not affect carbon dioxide emissions through the mediation effect of economic growth from the period of 1990 to 2018, and that there is only a direct effect from renewable energy to carbon dioxide emissions at any distribution. Moreover, this result is remarkably different from the result of the traditional ordinary least square approach, which shows that Taiwan's renewable energy affects carbon dioxide emissions through the partial mediation effect of economic growth. In conclusion, we suggest that the Taiwanese government should increase the use of renewable energy in reducing local and global carbon dioxide emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we propose an integrated method, called quantile mediation analysis, which combines quantile regression and mediation analysis, to examine the impact of renewable energy on carbon dioxide emissions, whether connected to or separate from through economic growth, from 1990 to 2018 in Taiwan. The results of this novel approach indicate that Taiwan's renewable energy did not affect carbon dioxide emissions through the mediation effect of economic growth from the period of 1990 to 2018, and that there is only a direct effect from renewable energy to carbon dioxide emissions at any distribution. Moreover, this result is remarkably different from the result of the traditional ordinary least square approach, which shows that Taiwan's renewable energy affects carbon dioxide emissions through the partial mediation effect of economic growth. In conclusion, we suggest that the Taiwanese government should increase the use of renewable energy in reducing local and global carbon dioxide emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we employ the novel method of quantile mediation analysis to explore dynamic relationships among hydropower energy consumption, economic growth, and carbon dioxide emissions in Taiwan during the period between 1990 and 2020. The empirical results show that hydropower energy consumption only has a direct effect on reducing carbon dioxide emissions at a 0.2 distribution of carbon dioxide emissions. Moreover, results indicate that economic growth does not have a mediating effect between hydropower energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions at any distribution of carbon dioxide emissions. Lastly, evidence produced by this study supports the existence of an environmental Kuznets curve in the context of Taiwan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]