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The goal of this paper is to develop a marketing approach during the reorganisation of a university under the impact of competition and the inflow of transnational capital and to test it on the example of Russia's national research universities. For this research, the top 10 universities of Russia are selected. They are included in THE World University Rankings 2021 (they performed the reorganization and are national research universities). T.L. Saaty's hierarchy process, regression analysis, and correlation analysis are used. The approbation of the given recommendations on the example of national research universities of Russia in 2021 shows that the level of favourability of the impact of competition and the inflow of transnational capital on marketing management of quality during the reorganisation is moderate or low. Recommendations for its increase are offered. A marketing approach to quality management during the reorganisation of a university under the impact of competition and the inflow of transnational capital is developed. The approach includes, first, methodological recommendations to evaluate the level of favourability of the impact of competition and the inflow of transnational capital on marketing management of quality during the reorganisation of universities. Second, landmarks of the improvement of marketing results of the increase of quality of Russian universities during the reorganisation based on managing the factors of competition and the inflow of transnational capital. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper highlights the issues of import substitution in the context of attaining total macro-economic balance, market adaptation, and achieving new levels of regional economic development as a constituent part of the national economy of the Russian Federation. An effective strategy and goal management are the important forward-looking orientation points of the existence and development of the country. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that economic growth in the region can be estimated via the GRP per capita. To define the sectors and regions with a successful implementation of a substitution policy, our own special algorithm for sorting and classifying regions was used. This algorithm made it possible to estimate the effectiveness of the economic policy, if any. To confirm and estimate the hypothesis, tests based on panel data models were carried out. The results revealed that the economic policy of import substitution was 10% more efficient in the regions where it was implemented than those without an implemented policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Natural gas has returned to prominence in the agenda of European countries since the beginning of the invasion of Ukraine by Russia in 2022. However, natural gas is a fossil source with severe environmental implications. This paper aims to verify the impact of natural gas on carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions for a European panel from 1993 to 2018 for sixteen countries. An Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model in the form of an unrestricted error correction model was used to identify the short-run impacts, the long-run elasticities, and the speed of adjustment of the model. The results indicate that in the short-run, natural gas has a negligible impact on CO2 emissions when faced with oil consumption (6.7 times less), whereas the consumption of renewables and hydroelectric energy proved to be able to decrease the CO2 emissions both in the short- and long-run. The elasticity of oil consumption is lower than the unit, indicating that efficiency gains have been achieved during the process of the energy transition to clean energy sources. If economies use non-renewable energy, governments must continue to prefer natural gas to oil. Renewables and hydroelectric consumption must be used to revert the path of CO2 emissions. Given the unstable scenario that has been caused by the War in Eastern Europe, politicians should focus on accelerating the transition from fossil to renewable energies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Against the background of a major insecurity event with strong economic and social repercussions, more and more analyses, simulations and attempts are being made to identify possible developments and consequences. The experience of previous conflicts and the results of the models and scenarios used to estimate the trajectories and disruptions caused by conflicts help with the decisionmaking process, but the variables in the peace equation are numerous and increase the degree of uncertainty in what regards the impact of the economic, social and security policies adopted. Through the prism of developments in the current geopolitical and security environment, with prospects of profound change after the end of the conflict between Russia and Ukraine, the paper highlights some of the economic effects of the Russia - Ukraine war and highlights its possible influences on economic growth at regional and global level, and also analyses growth in the states directly involved in the war or that are connected in various forms (economically-wise, neighbouring countries, etc.) with the two states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Being a form of territorial division of labor, economic specialization should be considered as a strategic management priority, contributing to a competitive territorial production structure and, consequently, regional economic growth. The article is devoted, firstly, to the development of a method for assessing the level of territorial division of labor based on a new coefficient of regional economic specialization; and secondly, to the investigation of regional specialization effects on economic growth. The purpose of the to substantiate the influence of the territory specialization factor on industrial economic growth, along with other conventional factors of regional development, using econometric methods based on an extended exogenous growth model. Premised on the data from Russian manufacturing industries and using a new coefficient of regional specialization, the authors have developed and verified an original approach to substantiate the effectiveness of regional clustering for ensuring the growth of industrial output based on an extended exogenous growth model. Approbation of the proposed assessment method and verification of research hypothesis formulated by the authors have been carried out using regional statistical data of the Russian Federation for the period from 2005 to 2019. The empirical analysis results have contributed to a place-based theoretical approach, involving both the cluster concept and the concept of "smart specialization". The practical significance of the research is to validate clustering feasibility as a form of territorial division of labor and provide a number of principles for the regional industrial policy based thereon to accelerate territorial economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Competitiveness on a small and large scale is necessary for growth. A definitive link between the level of competitiveness and growth has been difficult to prove. One of the primary objectives of economic planning is to promote price and exchange rate stability. Entrepreneurialism and productivity also increase the country's export competitiveness. The aim of this study is to test for the convergence in competitiveness and convergence club existence in selected economies. No previous research had tested for convergence in competitiveness using a nonlinear timevarying factor model. This paper provides an overview on convergence in competitiveness and convergence clubs' existence for 42 countries using quarterly data from 1994q1 to 2020q4 testing on competitiveness. Convergence log (t) test results show differences in competitiveness between classified convergence clubs. Russia, Brazil, and Turkey are the clubs (groups of countries) that show a transitional path (convergence in competitiveness) that differs entirely from the rest of the sample. Countries with more natural resources and exogenous monetary policies follow a unique development path to competitiveness. We find no evidence of divergence in countries within the clubs. However, we find a club (group of countries) following a clear divergence path from the other countries (Russia, Brazil, and Turkey). Our findings could potentially explain the increase in divergence in competitiveness across countries after the financial crisis of 2008. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental problems of urban and rural areas are now high on the agenda of industrialized countries, becoming a key challenge for regional-level policymaking. The mutual influence of population growth, economic and technological development, and the anthropogenic pressure on the environment is still insufficiently studied in many countries, including Russia. In this paper, this relationship is studied for the municipalities of Angara–Yenisey Siberia using an ensemble of the STIRPAT-like regression models, adapted according to the available data. We found that population size and gross municipal product were positively associated with pollutant emissions (p < 0.01), while energy efficiency had no significant impact on air pollution. In addition to the poor national data quality and completeness issues, which can distort statistical conclusions, the cause of the observed lack of spatial correlation between energy efficiency and air pollutant emissions may be path dependence and an insufficient pace of transition to a greener economy. This leaves room for institutional transformations aimed at intensifying energy efficiency to reduce the environmental burden. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the past three decades, economic transformations in Eastern Europe and Russia have substantially affected the use of management technologies. More and more businesses prioritize sustaining growth and development in the long run instead of maximizing profits in the short term. The shift in the business paradigm requires the implementation of new management tools along with the improvement of management accounting. Through the example of seven Russian boiler manufacturers, this study examines the main reasons for the transition to process-based management. The study identifies patterns of using management accounting tools in process-based management by employing the literature analysis, conducting an expert survey, and studying the accounting documents of selected companies. The authors analyze features of management accounting tools at different stages of implementation of the process-based management system, in enterprises with different life cycles and different sizes. A total of 53 employees were surveyed, which included senior managers, accountants, and middle-level managers. It is found that the main reason for the transition to process-based management is a shift in the focus of managers' attention from cutting costs to creating value. By adding new features of business process classification, developing new classification groups, and proposing the optimal structure of the core, auxiliary, and controlling business processes, this study contributes to the optimization of management accounting when organizational change requires implementing process-based management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Is economic independence necessary for sustaining economic growth? In the past, political—and therefore economic—independence was a prelude to economic growth. With most countries gaining their political independence in the twentieth century, countries' economic independence was understated assuming its existence with the end of colonialism. Yet economic independence began to be increasingly circumscribed by measures and pressures imposed by the more powerful countries, multinational corporations and international organizations on the less powerful countries. Due to the rising importance of economic independence, the first composite index to quantify it, with its two versions EII-1 and EII-2, was published in 2017 and estimated values for economic independence for some selected countries for the period 2010–2013. This study aims to measure the levels of economic independence for 104 of these selected countries for the period 2014–2019 using the 2017 index, and compare the countries' scores in the two periods. The Russian Federation topped the two indexes making it without dispute the strongest economically independent country. As economic growth proved to be contingent on real economic independence, countries may need to assess their vulnerability or resilience to external economic shocks through their new scores in the EII in order to sustain economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

English Abstract: The article focuses on the differences in the impact of urban agglomeration externalities on the development dynamics of different spatial zones of the region of Rostov, the tenth largest city of Russia, namely the agglomerative, contiguous, and remote. We also measure the divergence of the agglomeration itself, segregating the agglomerative municipalities into core, interjacent, and peripheral. We hypothesize that spatial proximity to the agglomeration core favors economic growth with a gradual decrease with the distance. The research results suggest that municipalities with an intermediate location – contiguous type, feature the worst indicator performance. These settlements are located not close enough to the agglomeration core to be attractive for pendulum labor migration and the location of enterprises and not far enough to develop an independent infrastructure system for economic development. Spanish Abstract: El artículo se centra en las diferencias del impacto de las externalidades de aglomeración urbana en la dinámica de desarrollo de las distintas zonas espaciales de la región de Rostov (la décima ciudad más grande de Rusia): la aglomeración, la contigua y la remota. Medimos la divergencia de la aglomeración, segregando los municipios aglomerados en centrales, inter-contiguos y periféricos. Nuestra hipótesis es que la proximidad espacial al núcleo de aglomeración favorece el crecimiento económico disminuyendo gradualmente con la distancia. Los resultados sugieren que los municipios con una ubicación intermedia —tipo contiguo— presentan el peor rendimiento. Estos asentamientos no están situados lo suficientemente cerca del núcleo de aglomeración como para ser atractivos para la migración laboral pendular y establecimiento de empresas, ni se encuentran suficientemente lejos como para desarrollar un sistema de infraestructura independiente para el desarrollo económico. English Abstract: The article focuses on the differences in the impact of urban agglomeration externalities on the development dynamics of different spatial zones of the region of Rostov, the tenth largest city of Russia, namely the agglomerative, contiguous, and remote. We also measure the divergence of the agglomeration itself, segregating the agglomerative municipalities into core, interjacent, and peripheral. We hypothesize that spatial proximity to the agglomeration core favors economic growth with a gradual decrease with the distance. The research results suggest that municipalities with an intermediate location – contiguous type, feature the worst indicator performance. These settlements are located not close enough to the agglomeration core to be attractive for pendulum labor migration and the location of enterprises and not far enough to develop an independent infrastructure system for economic development. Spanish Abstract: El artículo se centra en las diferencias del impacto de las externalidades de aglomeración urbana en la dinámica de desarrollo de las distintas zonas espaciales de la región de Rostov (la décima ciudad más grande de Rusia): la aglomeración, la contigua y la remota. Medimos la divergencia de la aglomeración, segregando los municipios aglomerados en centrales, inter-contiguos y periféricos. Nuestra hipótesis es que la proximidad espacial al núcleo de aglomeración favorece el crecimiento económico disminuyendo gradualmente con la distancia. Los resultados sugieren que los municipios con una ubicación intermedia —tipo contiguo— presentan el peor rendimiento. Estos asentamientos no están situados lo suficientemente cerca del núcleo de aglomeración como para ser atractivos para la migración laboral pendular y establecimiento de empresas, ni se encuentran suficientemente lejos como para desarrollar un sistema de infraestructura independiente para el desarrollo económico. French Abstract: Cet article analyse les différences d'impact des externalités des agglomérations urbaines sur la dynamique de développement de différentes zones spatiales de la région de Rostov, la dixième ville de Russie en population : les agglomérations, les contiguës et les éloignées. Nous classons les municipalités agglomérées en trois catégories, centrales, intercalaires et périphériques, et émettons l'hypothèse que la proximité spatiale du noyau de l'agglomération favorise la croissance économique, avec une diminution progressive selon la distance. Nos résultats suggèrent que les municipalités ayant une localisation intermédiaire - de type contigu - présentent les pires performances en termes d'indicateurs. Elles ne sont pas assez proches du coeur de l'agglomération pour être attrayantes pour la migration pendulaire de la main-d'oeuvre et la localisation des entreprises, et pas assez loin pour développer un système d'infrastructure indépendant pour le développement économique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]