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There are several ways to relieve welding residual stresses. The most commonly used and the only standardized method is the post-weld heat treatment. However, this method is time-consuming and costly, which necessitates exploring other approaches that can ensure satisfactory results in a faster and more economical manner. In this context, the industry has gradually adopted relief of residual stresses through vibration. Therefore, this study aims to relieve welding residual stresses in thick plates to evaluate whether the position of the excitation source, whether parallel or coincident with the welded plates, influences the expected results. Additionally, it seeks to determine whether the best results are obtained when vibration stress relief is performed simultaneously with welding or after the completion of the process. It was verified that the parallel position presented a maximum reduction of 63.7% in residual stresses when performed after welding, while the parallel and coincident position during the welding reduced a maximum of 2.5% and 56.0% of residual stresses, respectively. Furthermore, mechanical tests are conducted to determine the influence of these processes on mechanical properties. The results indicated that performed vibration after welding is more efficient, and the vibration motor's position significantly influences the results. Furthermore, it was observed that the only impacted toughness without altering significant other mechanical properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Residual stresses arising from welding can adversely affect the mechanical properties of welded structures. Stress relief techniques involving thermal or mechanical methods are commonly employed to mitigate these stresses and improve the performance of welded structures. This study involved subjecting welded plates of ASTM A131 EH36 marine steel to thermal and vibrational stress relief methods, followed by conducting mechanical tests to evaluate the impact of stress relief on tensile, bending, microhardness, and toughness properties. Thermal treatment is a consolidated and already standardized method. On the other hand, vibrational treatment for stress relief is a method that lacks studies and standards, but it may become an excellent alternative to traditional thermal treatment. The aim is to compare the results obtained from each method, both with and without stress relief, including vibration welding conditioning. The study concluded that both stress relief techniques reduced stress intensity and altered mechanical properties, with thermal treatment being the most significant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to identify the global risk of invasion and establishment of Bedellia somnulentella, a pest of the sweet potato crop, for the present and future time, to develop policies and prevent future outbreaks. Current climate projections and future (2030, 2050, 2070, and 2100) of the insect B. somnulentella were carried out using CLIMEX. The projections showed that climate change could reduce areas of high aptitude for B. somnulentella in the parallel range of latitude 0°, the equator. On the other hand, temperate regions in the parallels with latitudes above 30°S and 30°N can increase hot and humid stress and become more suitable for the pest. This survey is based on weather data only. Data on land use and types, biotic interactions, diseases, natural enemies, alternative hosts, and competition were not considered for this model. Another uncertainty is associated with future levels of greenhouse gas emissions. The data presented here are helpful for the development of policies, studies, and strategies for the management of the B. somnulentella pest in the field. We encourage agricultural organizations in various countries to make strategic and long-term plans to avoid losses of millions of dollars through B. somnulentella. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chrysodeixis includens is a polyphagous pest restricted to the American continent. The occurrence of C. includens is allied, among other factors, by favorable conditions such as temperature, humidity, presence of hosts, and migratory behavior. In this work, we built spatiotemporal species distribution models at continental and global levels for the distribution of C. includens using CLIMEX to determine times and regions favorable for year-round survival and migration of this species and in case of invasion on other continents to apply timely and right phytosanitary measures. Our models estimated high climate suitability for C. includens in Central and large proportions of South America throughout the year. Moreover, there is suitability for C. includens growth in all months of the year in Central and northern part of South America. In the northern hemisphere, these conditions range from April to October, while in mid-southern parts of South America, favorable periods comprise October through June. The countries with the highest suitability for C. includens outside the American continent are located on the African and Asian continents. Our results show variable climate suitability for C. includens during the year that help to understand likely migration pattern in North America. This information would direct efforts for appropriate C. includens management during warm and moist periods of the year. Furthermore, our models notify the need for the development of strategies for the inspection and interception of C. includens especially in central Africa, India, South and Southeast Asia, and Northeast Australia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The impact of invasive alien pests on agriculture, food security, and biodiversity conservation has been worsened by climate change caused by the rising earth's atmospheric greenhouse gases. The African citrus triozid, Trioza erytreae (Del Guercio; Hemiptera: Triozidae), is an invasive pest of all citrus species. It vectors the phloem-limited bacterium "Candidatus Liberibacter africanus", a causal agent of citrus greening disease or African Huanglongbing (HLB). Understanding the global distribution of T. erytreae is critical for surveillance, monitoring, and eradication programs. Therefore, we combined geospatial and physiological data of T. erytreae to predict its global distribution using the CLIMEX model. The model's prediction matches T. erytreae present-day distribution and shows that parts of the Mediterranean region have moderate (0 < EI < 30) to high (EI > 30) suitability for the pest. The model predicts habitat suitability in the major citrus-producing countries, such as Mexico, Brazil, China, India, and the USA. In the Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES) A1B and A2 scenarios, the model predicts a reduction in habitat suitability from the current time to 2070. The findings show that global citrus production will continue to be threatened by T. erytreae. However, our study provides relevant information for biosecurity and risk assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brassica napus, a versatile crop with significant socioeconomic importance, serves as a valuable source of nutrition for humans and animals while also being utilized in biodiesel production. The expansion potential of B. napus is profoundly influenced by climatic variations, yet there remains a scarcity of studies investigating the correlation between climatic factors and its distribution. This research employs CLIMEX to identify the current and future ecological niches of B. napus under the RCP 8.5 emission scenario, utilizing the Access 1.0 and CNRM-CM5 models for the time frame of 2040–2059. Additionally, a sensitivity analysis of parameters was conducted to determine the primary climatic factors affecting B. napus distribution and model responsiveness. The simulated outcomes demonstrate a satisfactory alignment with the known current distribution of B. napus, with 98% of occurrence records classified as having medium to high climatic suitability. However, the species displays high sensitivity to thermal parameters, thereby suggesting that temperature increases could trigger shifts in suitable and unsuitable areas for B. napus, impacting regions such as Canada, China, Brazil, and the United States. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brassica napus, a versatile crop with significant socioeconomic importance, serves as a valuable source of nutrition for humans and animals while also being utilized in biodiesel production. The expansion potential of B. napus is profoundly influenced by climatic variations, yet there remains a scarcity of studies investigating the correlation between climatic factors and its distribution. This research employs CLIMEX to identify the current and future ecological niches of B. napus under the RCP 8.5 emission scenario, utilizing the Access 1.0 and CNRM-CM5 models for the time frame of 2040–2059. Additionally, a sensitivity analysis of parameters was conducted to determine the primary climatic factors affecting B. napus distribution and model responsiveness. The simulated outcomes demonstrate a satisfactory alignment with the known current distribution of B. napus, with 98% of occurrence records classified as having medium to high climatic suitability. However, the species displays high sensitivity to thermal parameters, thereby suggesting that temperature increases could trigger shifts in suitable and unsuitable areas for B. napus, impacting regions such as Canada, China, Brazil, and the United States. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Caribbean fruit fly, Anastrepha suspensa (Lower, 1862) (Diptera: Tephritidae), is a pest of significant economic importance in Central America and Florida (USA). This study was carried out to examine the influence of climate change on the space–time distribution of A. suspensa on temporal and spatial scales. The CLIMEX software was used to model the current distribution and for climate change. The future distribution was performed using two global climate models (GCMs), CSIRO-Mk3.0 (CS) and MIROC-H (MR), under the emission scenarios (SRES) A2 and A1B for the years 2050, 2080, and 2100. The results indicate a low potential for global distribution of A. suspensa in all scenarios studied. However, tropical areas were identified with high climatic suitability for A. suspensa in South America, Central America, Africa, and Oceania until the end of the century. Projections of areas with climatic suitability for A. suspensa can provide helpful information to develop preventive strategies of phytosanitary management avoiding economic impacts with the introduction of the species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In economic terms, invasive species pose risks to human interests in management systems related to agriculture, animal health, and forestry, as they cause damage and change the composition of native species. Through modeling, ecological studies can help identify favorable climatic environments for species. Using biological factors and climate data, the CLIMEX software can forecast a species' seasonal phenology and dispersal locations across time. The Caribbean fruit fly, Anastrepha suspensa (Diptera: Tephritidae), was modeled using CLIMEX to assess the variables affecting its population and dispersal processes. The results show A. suspensa climatic suitability in South America, Central America, Africa, and Oceania. The most critical adaptation happens in the Caribbean and Central America between September and December, while it happens in South America between February and April. The sensitivity analysis showed that the species is more sensitive to temperature changes. Our results were validated through field data reports. Modeling has significant implications since it may be used to develop control and monitoring methods in situations and locations with favorable climates for A. suspensa, particularly in cases when the pest is not present. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The polycentric city model has gained popularity in spatial planning policy, since it is believed to overcome some of the problems often present in monocentric metropolises, ranging from congestion to difficult accessibility to jobs and services. However, the concept 'polycentric city' has a fuzzy definition and as a result, the extent to which a city is polycentric cannot be easily determined. Here, we leverage the fine spatio-temporal resolution of smart travel card data to infer urban polycentricity by examining how a city departs from a well-defined monocentric model. In particular, we analyse the human movements that arise as a result of sophisticated forms of urban structure by introducing a novel probabilistic approach which captures the complexity of these human movements. We focus on London (UK) and Seoul (South Korea) as our two case studies, and we specifically find evidence that London displays a higher degree of monocentricity than Seoul, suggesting that Seoul is likely to be more polycentric than London. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The polycentric city model has gained popularity in spatial planning policy, since it is believed to overcome some of the problems often present in monocentric metropolises, ranging from congestion to difficult accessibility to jobs and services. However, the concept 'polycentric city' has a fuzzy definition and as a result, the extent to which a city is polycentric cannot be easily determined. Here, we leverage the fine spatio-temporal resolution of smart travel card data to infer urban polycentricity by examining how a city departs from a well-defined monocentric model. In particular, we analyse the human movements that arise as a result of sophisticated forms of urban structure by introducing a novel probabilistic approach which captures the complexity of these human movements. We focus on London (UK) and Seoul (South Korea) as our two case studies, and we specifically find evidence that London displays a higher degree of monocentricity than Seoul, suggesting that Seoul is likely to be more polycentric than London. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The phloem-limited bacteria, "Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus" and "Ca. L. americanus", are the causal pathogens responsible for Huanglongbing (HLB). The Asian citrus psyllid Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae) is the principal vector of these "Ca. Liberibacter" species. Though Tamarixia radiata Waterston (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) has been useful in biological control programmes against D. citri, information on its global distribution remains vague. Using the Climate Change Experiment (CLIMEX) model, the potential global distribution of T. radiata under the 2050s, 2070s, and 2090s for Special Report on Emissions Scenarios A1B and A2 was defined globally. The results showed that habitat suitability for T. radiata covered Africa, Asia, Europe, Oceania, and the Americas. The model predicted climate suitable areas for T. radiata beyond its presently known native and non-native areas. The new locations predicted to have habitat suitability for T. radiata included parts of Europe and Oceania. Under the different climate change scenarios, the model predicted contraction of high habitat suitability (EI > 30) for T. radiata from the 2050s to the 2090s. Nevertheless, the distribution maps created using the CLIMEX model may be helpful in the search for and release of T. radiata in new regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The phloem-limited bacteria, "Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus" and "Ca. L. americanus", are the causal pathogens responsible for Huanglongbing (HLB). The Asian citrus psyllid Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae) is the principal vector of these "Ca. Liberibacter" species. Though Tamarixia radiata Waterston (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) has been useful in biological control programmes against D. citri, information on its global distribution remains vague. Using the Climate Change Experiment (CLIMEX) model, the potential global distribution of T. radiata under the 2050s, 2070s, and 2090s for Special Report on Emissions Scenarios A1B and A2 was defined globally. The results showed that habitat suitability for T. radiata covered Africa, Asia, Europe, Oceania, and the Americas. The model predicted climate suitable areas for T. radiata beyond its presently known native and non-native areas. The new locations predicted to have habitat suitability for T. radiata included parts of Europe and Oceania. Under the different climate change scenarios, the model predicted contraction of high habitat suitability (EI > 30) for T. radiata from the 2050s to the 2090s. Nevertheless, the distribution maps created using the CLIMEX model may be helpful in the search for and release of T. radiata in new regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Macaúba (Acrocomia aculeata) is a palm tree with a high potential for plant-based raw material production, particularly bioenergy production; it is one of the most promising species for cultivation on marginal lands. This study aimed to determine the distribution of A. aculeata species worldwide and verify the Köppen–Geiger climatic classifications of its locations. Research on the global occurrence of A. aculeata was conducted to characterize the geographic dispersal of macaúba. Based on the distribution points of the species, the Köppen–Geiger classification was determined for each occurrence point. Subsequently, a map was created that showed the regions with potential for the introduction of macaúba based on the climatic data compiled. Macaúba is distributed throughout the American continents, with the highest occurrence rates in Latin America (followed by those in North America and finally Central America). Particularly, Brazil and Mexico exhibit the highest occurrence rates. According to the distribution, the Köppen–Geiger climatic classification determined the predominance of macaúba in the savanna climate. Some countries located in Central Africa, Southern Asia, and Northern Australia showed the potential to introduce macaúba as a bioenergetic source. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The original article can be found online at https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-29064-3. Correction to: I Scientific Reports i https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-29064-3, published online 01 February 2023 The original version of this Article omitted an affiliation for Mohd Asif Shah. [Extracted from the article]