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The paper studied the impact of integrated plant nutrients management strategy (IPNM) on the agricultural return during current Syrian crisis through the application of camel manure and chemical fertilizers on the black cumin quantitatively and qualitatively. The fertilization treatments were denoted as T2 [N120-P30-K30], T3 [N120-P30-K60], T4 [5 t. ha-1camel manure], and T5 (1/2 [T3 + T4]), respectively. The no-fertilizer treatment (T1) was considered as control. Soil fertility, irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE), and oil content were considered. Results have showed that organic manure(camel dung)decreased soil pH and OC/ON ratio and increased the availability of nutrients in the soil. What led the black cumin to respond by significantly increasing the following productive parameters: plant height, roots depth, number of primary and secondary branches,..etc. The treatment T5 recorded the highest IWUE values (5.2 and 6.2 kg.ha-1.mm-1) and the best oil content (33.3% and 34.2%) in the two seasons, respectively. Furthermore, the applied IPNM strategy had remarkably increased fertilization efficiency and economical feasibility (profit/total costs) in the order of T5>T4>T3>T2 compared to T1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we examine the effect of vegetation on soil erosion, runoff generation and sediment transport on saline rangeland hillslopes. Rainfall simulations were conducted at a fixed 114 mm/h intensity on 6 m × 2 m erosion plots with varying degrees of vegetation. Plots were grouped into three categories (L, M and H) based on their canopy cover (L: <5%, M: 5–19%, H: >19%) and selected to limit variations in slope across canopy cover groups. Runoff and sediment samples were combined with three dimensional (3D) reconstruction data used to monitor soil surface microtopographic changes. Runoff initiation was significantly delayed on the L plots but cumulative runoff after 20 min of rainfall simulation indicated a positive effect of vegetation on infiltration processes. Cumulative sediment after 20 min of rainfall was similar across vegetation cover categories. The 3D data suggest that vegetation reduced net sediment delivery from the plots by primarily increasing opportunities for deposition while marginally affecting gross soil erosion. Plots with H vegetation cover experienced lower 3D-estimated erosion volumes but average erosion depth on L plots was lower than that on plots with M and H vegetation covers. Lower runoff volumes on M and H plots may have been compensated by greater runoff erosivity on these plots as runoff was concentrated in a narrower inter-patch space compared to L plots. This study highlights the need for an increased integration between traditional runoff measurement techniques and 3D reconstruction methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Jordan Journal of Agricultural Sciences is the property of University of Jordan and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Irrigation & Drainage is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

• Prescribed fire promoted herbaceous growth in bare interspaces. • Litter enhanced infiltration and provided protection against erosion. • Increased vegetation cover altered flow paths and reduced runoff and soil loss. • Reduced soil surface connectivity post-fire improved hydrologic function. • Hydrologic function continues to improve 9 yr after fire. Woody species encroachment into herbaceous and shrub-dominated vegetations is a concern in many rangeland ecosystems of the world. Arrival of woody species into affected rangelands leads to changes in the spatial structure of vegetation and alterations of biophysical processes. In the western USA, encroachment of pinyon (Pinus spp.) and juniper (Juniperus spp.) tree species into sagebrush steppes poses a threat to the proper ecohydrological functioning of these ecosystems. Prescribed fire has been proposed and used as one rangeland improvement practice to restore sagebrush steppe from pinyon-juniper encroachment. Short-term effects of burning on the ecohydrologic response of these systems have been well documented and often include a period of increased hydrologic and erosion vulnerability immediately after burning. Long-term ecohydrologic response of sagebrush steppe ecosystems to fire is poorly understood due to lack of cross-scale studies on treated sites. The aim of this study is to evaluate long-term vegetation, hydrologic, and erosion responses at two pinyon-juniper-encroached sagebrush sites 9 years after prescribed fire was applied as a restoration treatment. Thirty-six rainfall simulation experiments on 6 m × 2 m plots were conducted for 45 min under two conditions: a dry run (70 mm h−1; dry antecedent soils) and a wet run (111 mm h−1; wet antecedent soils). Runoff and erosion responses were compared between burned and unburned plots. Overall, increases in herbaceous cover in the shrub-interspace areas (intercanopy area between trees) at both sites 9 years post-burn resulted in runoff- and erosion-reduction benefits, especially under the wet runs. While the initially more degraded site characterized by 80% bare ground pre-burn, registered a higher overall increase (40% increase) in canopy cover, greater post-fire reductions in runoff and erosion were observed at the less degraded site (57% bare ground pre-burn). Runoff and erosion for the wet runs decreased respectively by 6.5-fold and 76-fold at the latter site on the burned plots relative to control plots, whereas these decreases were more muted at the more degraded site (2.5 and 3-fold respectively). Significant fragmentation of flow paths observed at the more-degraded site 9 years post-fire, suggests a decreased hydrologic connectivity as a mechanism of runoff and erosion reduction during post-fire recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]