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Forensic document examination has been considered one of the most important fields in the forensic science. For this, a quick, effective, and cheap techniques for evaluation of forensic evidence is highly required. This study explores the comparison of A4 document paper by chemical and physical analysis. 16 of white A4 paper from different brands were analyzed by FTIR for investigation of structural characteristics. Video Spectral Comparator 8000 has been used to compare the A4 papers under different light source. The inorganic filler composition in the paper is also explored by ICP‐OES. The calcium carbonate content in document papers play a discriminant role which found to be between 16.02 % and 35.54 %. Also, water contact angle has been utilized in order to examine the surface of paper which is generally related to the inorganic filler and other additives. The WCA results ranged between 83° and 111° that enable quick and easy way to compare A4 document papers. The experimental results have demonstrated that besides FTIR methods, other methods such as ICP‐OES for elemental composition, WCA for wetting test, VSC for visualization under different light of source could have been applied for comparison of document papers in case of criminal cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photoreversible color‐switching materials, which can reversibly change color in response to external light stimuli, have attracted increasing attention for their applications in time‐sensitive information storage and optical data storage fields. But most of the related materials are dyes or redox compounds with ultraviolet as the light source, dramatically limiting the cycling stability during discoloration processes. To address this problem, a near‐infrared (NIR)‐responsive rewritable paper via doping layered Co‐metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) into the stable polyvinylidene fluoride matrix is reported for the first time. Layered Co‐MOF shows a rapid color‐switching characteristic between orange and black blue upon NIR illumination on/off because of the interlayer spacing changes. Benefiting from the soft network structures of the matrix, Co‐MOF can be homogeneously distributed to deliver an outstanding reversibility performance, including rapid response, coloration in a short period, and decoloration within about 3 min in ambient air. The fabrication of new photoreversible color switching system holds great potential in communication security, which offers a viable pathway to achieve ink‐free photoreversible printing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study introduces the development of a photothermal-based microfluidic paper analytical device (PT-µPAD) integrated with near-field communication (NFC) technology and smartphone readout for enzyme-free glucose quantification in human samples. With the properties of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) both as a nanozyme and as a photothermal substrate, there is no need for costly reagents like enzymes or a readout instrumentation for the selective and sensitive detection of glucose. In PT-µPADs, AuNPs are etched by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) generated from glucose catalysis. Photothermal detection from the plasmonic heating of these AuNPs when illuminated by a 533nm LED light source is achieved by inserting the PT-µPAD sensor into a portable NFC platform suitable for smartphone readout. Temperature variation is directly proportional to the glucose concentration. After optimization, we acquired a linear range between 5.0 and 20.0 µmol L−1 (R2 = 0.9967) and a limit of detection (LOD) of 25.0 nmol L−1 for glucose. Additionally, while our sensor does not utilize any enzyme, it is remarkably selective to glucose with no effects from interferences. Recovery studies in various human control samples indicated a range of 99.73–102.66% with the highest RSD of 3.53%, making it highly accurate and precise. Moreover, our method is more sensitive than other methods relying on conventional µPADs for glucose sensing. By integrating the potential benefits of microfluidics, nanomaterials as nanozymes, and NFC technology for wireless readout, our sensor demonstrates great promise as an accessible, affordable, and shelf-stable device for glucose quantification. Moreover, this concept can be extended to detect other molecules of interest as a point-of-care (POC) diagnostics device. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As an important substrate of traditional Chinese cultural relics in museums, paper is the material with highly light sensitivity, which is susceptible to irreversible lighting damage. To provide high-quality viewing, it is vital to study the parameters of light sources in consideration of paper substrates' long-term conservation. As an important factor affecting both conservation and viewing, there are some issues concerning correlated color temperature (CCT) in the relevant standards, namely, the inconsistent recommended values. In this research, paper samples were subjected to accelerated irradiation experiments for 1440 h by 10 narrow-band lights in the visible range, and the infrared spectra were measured periodically. The calculated oxidation index was used to obtain the damage response function to different spectral wavelengths and exposures. Subsequently, using the method of exhaustion, 9477 spectra with a CCT range of 2650–4150 K that met the viewing requirements were screened, and lighting damage to paper substrates was calculated using this function. Based on that, the correlation between CCT and lighting damage to paper substrates and their standard deviations was obtained. Combining the previous research on recommended for CCT pigments, a preliminary recommended CCT of 3100–3200 K in selecting light sources for traditional Chinese paper relics was proposed. It is worth emphasizing that it is still necessary to use the spectral power distribution of light sources, as the underlying independent variable that leads to damage, to further calculate the lighting damage using the function mentioned above to achieve protective lighting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document is a letter to the editor of the PM World Journal, written by Crispin Piney in response to Stephen Devaux's paper on the Program-Level Breakdown Structure. Piney agrees with Devaux's ideas but offers some additional perspectives. Piney suggests that the confusion around the term "project" could have been avoided if more thought had been given to naming the categories of project management. Piney also discusses his own approach to program scheduling, which involves defining the overall objective of the program and using a "benefits map" to determine the schedule and evaluate options. Piney emphasizes the importance of visual tools, such as benefits maps, in allowing stakeholders to see the big picture and optimize the realization of benefits. Overall, Piney believes that combining Devaux's concepts with his own approach could improve the success rate of programs in various domains. [Extracted from the article]

The text provides a summary of various articles related to air quality, climate change, and environmental initiatives. It mentions a report from the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) highlighting record-breaking climate change indicators in 2023, the use of pulp and paper waste to reduce carbon emissions, the development of national indoor quality standards for public buildings, the establishment of a hydrogen hub in the Pilbara region of Australia, and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's new tailpipe rules to reduce pollution from cars and light trucks. These articles offer insights into the current state of the environment and efforts to address climate change. [Extracted from the article]

This research observes changes in the properties of commercially available hemp office papers exposed to photo-oxidation for artificial aging. In order to accelerate the changes that naturally occur in paper, photo-oxidation was performed using a Xenon light source. The electromagnetic radiation was administered in doses of 550 W/m2 over 24 hours with a temperature of 60°C. Three types of hemp office papers that differ in chemical composition and manufacturing process were used as samples. The strength properties (tensile index, elongation at break, tear index), surface properties (Bendtsen roughness, Bekk smoothness), pH of paper extracts, and optical properties were observed. The listed properties of artificially aged samples were compared to those of unaged commercial paper samples. The results show that, after only 24 hours, accelerated aging with a Xenon arc lamp affects all observed paper properties. For all analyzed office papers, the values of the tensile index, Bekk smoothness, and pH of paper extracts decreased, while the values of elongation break, tear index, and Bendtsen roughness increased due accelerated aging. Regarding the CIE L*a*b* color space value, lightness (L*) generally decreased after the aging treatment, and all paper samples became less reddish (a* decreased) and more yellow (b* increased). The obtained results of this research reveal that pulp with hemp fibers can produce higher-quality office paper that is more stable against light and temperature influences than those made with post-consumer fibers. However, to increase the durability of manufactured paper, hemp fibers must be bleached. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the paper cups were used as the research objects, and the machine vision detection technology was combined with different image processing techniques to investigate a non-contact optical automatic detection system to identify the defects of the manufactured paper cups. The combined ring light was used as the light source, an infrared (IR) LED matrix panel was used to provide the IR light to constantly highlight the outer edges of the detected objects, and a multi-grid pixel array was used as the image sensor. The image processing techniques, including the Gaussian filter, Sobel operator, Binarization process, and connected component, were used to enhance the inspection and recognition of the defects existing in the produced paper cups. There were three different detection processes for paper cups, which were divided into internal, external, and bottom image acquisition processes. The present study demonstrated that all the detection processes could clearly detect the surface defect features of the manufactured paper cups, such as dirt, burrs, holes, and uneven thickness. Our study also revealed that the average time for the investigated Automatic Optical Detection to detect the defects on the paper cups was only 0.3 s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Various techniques were combined to optimize an optical inspection system designed to automatically inspect defects in manufactured paper bowls. A self-assembled system was utilized to capture images of defects on the bowls. The system employed an image sensor with a multi-pixel array that combined a complementary metal-oxide semiconductor and a photo detector. A combined ring light served as the light source, while an infrared (IR) LED matrix panel was used to provide constant IR light to highlight the outer edges of the objects being inspected. The techniques employed in this study to enhance defect inspections on produced paper bowls included Gaussian filtering, Sobel operators, binarization, and connected components. Captured images were processed using these technologies. Once the non-contact inspection system's machine vision method was completed, defects on the produced paper bowls were inspected using the system developed in this study. Three inspection methods were used in this study: internal inspection, external inspection, and bottom inspection. All three methods were able to inspect surface features of produced paper bowls, including dirt, burrs, holes, and uneven thickness. The results of our study showed that the average time required for machine vision inspections of each paper bowl was significantly less than the time required for manual inspection. Therefore, the investigated machine vision system is an efficient method for inspecting defects in fabricated paper bowls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy evaluated microscopic damage of paper. • Three-dimensional mathematical models and calculation formulas of lighting damage to paper. • The minimum-damage LED spectrum suitable for Chinese paper cultural relics. • The method of spectral optimization for the lighting source of cultural relics. In museum lighting, Chinese paper cultural relics are prone to cracking, embrittlement and other photochemical damage after absorbing the spectral energy of light sources. Owing to the different absorption and reflection characteristics of paper for different bands, optimizing the spectrum compositions of light sources can provide effective protection, the basis of which is to clarify the influence rule of spectra on the paper. However, the methods of color difference and Raman spectroscopy, which are widely used in the current research, cannot scientifically measure the lighting damage. In this study, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used as the evaluation method, and 10 kinds of narrow-band lights were used as the experimental light source to conduct a 1440 h irradiation experiment on the samples of the ancient Chinese Xuan paper. The oxidation index was calculated as the evaluation index based on the infrared spectra measured every 240 hours, and a mathematical model for the response rate of paper to spectrum and exposure was established. 610 spectra were obtained with the 10 kinds of narrow-band lights combined and superimposed. The color rendering indexes of the above spectra were calculated, and 9,477 spectra that meet the requirements of viewing indicators were obtained. By calculating the damage degree of the above spectra with the model, the optimal LED spectrum with the minimum damage which met the visual requirements was obtained. Then it was input into the 10-channel spectral simulation system for spectral restoration. Two kinds of lights commonly used in lighting for paper cultural relics were selected to conduct a comparative experiment. The results showed that the optimal LED spectrum reduced damage degree by 49.4% and 59.7% respectively compared with the two kinds of contrast light sources, and was beneficial to energy saving. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In my previous article (Temiz B K 2020 Phys. Educ. 55 027002), I demonstrated that images on a screen covered with paper are seen clearly when the paper is close to the screen but become blurry when the paper is moved away. I wanted you, the readers, to find the reason behind this phenomenon. In this study, I aim to give the answer to this question. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thermal paper is widely used as a print medium for different applications but it constitutes a tricky substrate for fingermark visualization. An earlier work (J Forensic Sci 2015;60:1034) reported how to visualize fingermarks on untreated thermal paper by illuminating the item with a UV‐A light source. In the present paper, the potential of the near infrared (NIR) luminescence has been tested on thermal paper compared to the mentioned method. A controlled study was carried out utilizing eccrine enriched fingermarks. The promising outcomes obtained were further confirmed by performing a pseudo‐operational trial. Data clearly showed that the use of the NIR filter gave better results. Finally, preliminary tests suggested a different mechanism of reaction induced by fingermarks with respect to the one behind the thermal printing. Thus, NIR luminescence represents a refinement to the suite of optical examination processes, including the potential to increase the number of marks recovered in a noncontact, nondestructive way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Compared with traditional paper relying on cellulose, the polymeric paper written by light can satisfy more multi‐environmental stability and reusability for sustainable development. Herein, proposed for the first time, a novel multifunctional polymeric paper with a patch‐sewing structure is designed, presenting the reversible writing/re‐writing performance. Meanwhile, a series of Fe‐based oxides with various submicron structures inherited from metal–organic framework templates are reported, in which the optimum one exhibited 95.04% absorbance from the finite difference time domain simulation and realized photothermal conversion instantaneously (soaring to 300 °C within 38 s). Given the distinguished mechanical properties (the tensile strength of 21.34 MPa and elongation at break of 546.06%), shape‐memory ability, and multi‐environmental stability, the composites are perfect for information recording. Due to the addition of the liquid crystal phase serving as the ink on the paper, the stress concentration and destruction can be recorded on the surface while it can recover to the initial situation by near‐infrared irradiation. Moreover, the remote writing with precision triggered by a focused light source can be achieved in multiple situations (air, water, and ice), which paved the way for the next generation of paper, especially in extreme conditions like deep‐water or aerospace. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Conservar Património is the property of Associacao Profissional de Conservadores-Restauradores de Portugal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Pulp & Paper is the property of China Pulp & Paper Magazines Publisher and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The use of cyclopropenone derivatives as latent photo-released strained cyclic alkynes is reported for the covalent printing of complex patterns on cellulose paper. Two different approaches using either a UV LED or a laser as light irradiation source are discussed. While the high intensity of the laser damages the grafted molecular layer, the use of a simple UV LED allows the printing in only 8 min at room temperature with a good resolution at the micrometer scale with negligible diffusion. The validity of this strategy is demonstrated through the sequential printing of a QR code and a logo on the same paper sheet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to examine the role of different formulations of calcium carbonates on the inkjet printing quality, with the use of cationic carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)‐starch as a binder in the formation of the coating structure of paper to use for inkjet printing. For this, GCC (ground calcium carbonate), PCC (precipitated calcium carbonate) and ECC (eggshell calcium carbonate), which have been tried as new coating materials in recent years, are mixed in different proportions to form a different coated formulation and plastered on the newly produced paper surface. Then, optical and physical tests of the obtained samples are carried out. Then, printing properties of the papers on which drop‐on‐demand system inkjet printing is made are examined. According to the obtained data, it is determined that the optical properties of coated paper with GCC + PCC blends outperformed papers coated with other blends. According to the physical test results, GCC + PCC blended coated papers showed the best performance in breaking length and tear indices. ECC + PCC blended coated papers however showed the best performance in burst indices. It is determined that as the particle size of the calcium carbonates in the coating materials decreased, the burst indices value also decreased. This situation is the opposite for breaking length and tear indices values. When the inkjet printing features are examined, it is seen that the best results are obtained from GCC + ECC coated papers in general. The most optimal metamerism indices results, measured under three different light sources, are obtained on GCC + PCC coated papers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report on the photo-mobility properties of a free standing large area graphene oxide (GO) paper (GOP). The thickness of the film is ≈20 μ m. GOP is made by drop casting an aqueous suspension of GO on a microscope glass slide placed on a hot plate kept at the temperature of 70 °C. The film is peeled-off from the glass substrate and irradiated under different coherent and incoherent light sources. The film bends up to ≈55° when the irradiation is made using a near infra-red (NIR) incoherent incandescent lamp and returns back to the initial position when the NIR lamp is switched-off. The bending mechanism is attributed to the asymmetry of the GOP film obtained during the film formation process. We characterize the film morphology and structure using a Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) imaging and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) measurements, respectively. Remarkable differences between the two surfaces of the GOP are evidenced, both on a macroscopic length scale (surface roughness) and on a microscopic one (GO interlayer distance). This asymmetry results in different (negative) thermal expansion coefficients for the two film surfaces and hence in the bending of the film when the film temperature is increased by light absorption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cholesteric liquid crystal (ChLC) is a reflective display technology that utilizes ambient light sources to display images, eliminating the need for a backlight. With its bistable characteristics, ChLC displays only require voltage supply during screen updates, resulting in significant energy savings. To cater to various application scenarios, we have developed ChLC reflective displays with different functionalities and sizes. The 7.9‐ inch passive matrix ChLC reflective display offers features such as full‐color capability, wide viewing angles, and fast refreshing rate, making it suitable for electronic book applications. The 24.5‐ inch and 13.3‐inch displays are respectively the largest passive matrix ChLC reflective display and active matrix ChLC reflective display in the world. They incorporate wide temperature range materials and high contrast ratio driving methods, making them highly suitable for outdoor public information display applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document discusses the optimization of display systems for augmented reality glasses. The author categorizes augmented reality devices into three groups based on field of view (FOV): small FOV (15-30 degrees), medium FOV (~50 degrees), and large FOV (>65 degrees). The author explores different choices and consequences for projectors, combiners, and dimmers in each category. They also discuss the use of different technologies, such as microLED panels, LCoS, OLED, and laser beam scanning. The document emphasizes the importance of optimizing the overall system, including illumination, projectors, displays, and waveguides, to achieve desired performance metrics such as resolution, efficiency, contrast, brightness, volume, and weight. [Extracted from the article]

A museum is a historical and cultural center with important conservation significance. In this work, the minimum light damage spectrum of paper cultural relics and solar spectrum are mixed in 11 different proportions by MATLAB software. In addition, REDOX index and the full-spectrum index are used as evaluation indices to calculate the damage degree and comfort level of the mixed 11 spectra. The monochrome light emitting diodes (LEDs) on the market are investigated, and a simulation database of 109 monochromatic LEDs is established by using the state joint state density function as the spectral radiation model. The nine mixed spectra with solar spectral weights from 0.1 to 0.9 are used as the target spectra. The monochromatic LEDs and 2850 K warm white LED in the database are fitted to calculate the optimal solution, and the spectral combination scheme is obtained by parameter comparison. A hybrid light source is designed by LIGHTTOOLS simulation software, and chromaticity analyses are carried out for the five light sources with solar spectral weights of 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, and 0.9. The results prove the feasibility of the theory of mixing the solar spectrum with the minimum light damage spectrum to improve the comfort and color rendering of the light source. This will have a certain guiding significance for the lighting of the museum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Paper and silk are the artworks with the highest light sensitivity. They are very vulnerable to photochemical reactions caused by the radiation of light sources in museum lighting, resulting in irreversible permanent damage such as color fading and discoloration. The basis of lighting protection for these artworks is to clarify the influence of different light sources on paper and silk materials. In this study, 10 kinds of narrow band monochrome light in the visible light range were used as experimental light sources, real cultural relics paper and silk materials were used as experimental samples, and long-term irradiation experiments were carried out under constant temperature and humidity conditions. The color parameters of paper and silk irradiated by different light sources were detected periodically, and the curve of color difference with exposure was drawn. The relative influence coefficients of different spectral bands on the color of paper and silk were obtained by curve analysis. By fitting data regularity and regression analysis, the "relative damage-spectral composition" function was established. The effect of light source on color damage of paper and silk is described by mathematical language, and the influence formula of different spectrum on color damage of paper and silk is obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Artworks based on Xuan paper or silk and painted by organic or inorganic pigments are highly responsive to light due to their materials and manufacturing technologies. They belong to the highest level of light responsive exhibits stipulated by International Commission on Illumination (CIE) and are vulnerable to fading and discoloration caused by radiation from light sources. The choice of light sources is the key of protection for artworks. It is indispensible and urgent to choose the lowest damage light sources according to the material characteristics of artworks. In this article, long‐term irradiation of typical light sources on various substrates and pigments was used as experimental method, and CIE DE2000 color difference formula was used as the evaluation index. The laws of the influence of different light sources on the color change of various materials were obtained, and the relative damage coefficients of light sources were calculated. Finally, eight kinds of light sources suitable for illuminating responsive artworks with typical material combinations were proposed. However, there are some limitations in the study, because the ancient Chinese Xuan paper and silk used as experimental objects in the experiment are yellowish. Thus, the models derived in this article are not suitable for choosing reasonable display light sources for other works of art. However, suitable light sources for different materials could be obtained by the calculation method used in this article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Because the human eye cannot visually detect the results of direct bilirubin test papers accurately and quantitatively, this study proposes four different highly collimated mini light-emitting diodes (HC mini-LEDs) as light sources for detection. First, different concentrations of bilirubin were oxidized to biliverdin by FeCl3 on the test paper, and pictures were obtained with a smartphone. Next, the red, green, and blue (RGB) channels of the pictures were separated to average grayscale values, and their linear relationship with the direct bilirubin concentration was analyzed to detect bilirubin on the test paper noninvasively and quantitatively. The experimental results showed that when green HC mini-LEDs were used as the light sources and image analysis was performed using the G channel, for a direct bilirubin concentration range of 0.1–2 mg/dL, the G channel determination coefficient (R2) reached 0.9523 and limit of detection was 0.459 mg/dL. The detection method proposed herein has advantages such as rapid analysis, noninvasive detection, and digitization according to RGB grayscale changes in the images of the detection test paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Pulp & Paper is the property of China Pulp & Paper Magazines Publisher and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Expansion of devices to access the virtual world is expected due to much attention to Metaverse in recent years. In particular, head mount display (HMD), smart glasses and AR glasses have been attracting attention as next‐generation mobile devices that will replace smart phones. Laser diodes and μLEDs are developed in various research institutes and companies as light sources for those devices. In this paper, we describe the development status of the laser diodes and the μLEDs, the technical problems of optimal adaptation to smart glasses, and introduce one of the solutions when using the laser diodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The combination of smartphone technology and colorimetric paper-based microfluidics can enable simple, inexpensive diagnostics. However, imaging colorimetric diagnostic results via smartphones currently requires accessories to mitigate the influence of variability in surrounding lighting conditions. Here, we present an accessory-free smartphone-based colorimetric imaging method that enlists the built-in LED light source to dominate ambient lighting in combination with background and colour rescaling. This simple approach enables quantitative measurements from paper-based tests by compensating for different environmental lighting conditions and is universally applicable with respect to phone models and manufacturers. We demonstrate the method with three dominant phone makes and models in a cell counting application with a paper-based yeast detection device. The detection results are in good agreement with cell counting using automated cell counters. Eliminating the need for make/model specific accessories, this approach helps realize the potential for low-cost, broadly applicable paper-based diagnostics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High performance daylight LED lamps are compared with HID lamps for light bleaching of paper. The LED can be placed in closer proximity to the object than the HID lamps, causing a significantly increased, uniform light exposure. Two commercial LED systems with 4000 K and 6500 K colour temperature were installed in a convertible test device with a polypropylene tray in default exposure distance of 10 cm and 20 cm. A HID lamp in 60 cm and 120 cm distance served as a reference. Samples of two naturally aged rag papers were bleached with both LED systems and with the HID while immersed in water. All three light sources increased brightness (CIELAB L*), though the LEDs with 4000 K colour temperature were most effective. They had no negative effect on the molar mass and the cellulose carbonyl group content while LEDs with 6500 K colour temperature caused molar mass decrease and carbonyl group increase. LEDs of a 4000 K or similar colour temperature are a promising option for improved light bleaching of paper, reducing the treatment and aqueous exposure time and eliminating UV radiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of the American Institute for Conservation is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

As the substrates of traditional Chinese painting and calligraphy, paper and silk are susceptible to optical radiation in museum illumination, resulting in mechanical damage, the origins of which are changes in microscopic molecular structure. However, there is no effective method of quantitatively evaluating the microscopic molecular structural changes caused by irradiation. In this study, Raman spectroscopy was introduced for illumination research on the paper and silk substrates in museums. Four narrow-emitting light sources with different peak wavelengths, red (650 nm), amber (583 nm), green (510 nm), and blue (450 nm), which together constitute the spectrum of a white light emitting diode (LED), were used as experimental light sources. As experimental specimens, paper and silk substrates were irradiated by the four light sources. The Raman spectra of the specimens were collected before and after the illumination. By analyzing the variations in characteristic Raman peak intensities, the relative damage coefficients of the four light sources on microscopic molecular structures in the specimens were studied. Then, we were able to design the white LED spectral irradiance distribution of the two substrates according to the corresponding damage coefficients. In conclusion, a research method for studying the microscopic molecular structural changes in the substrates of traditional Chinese painting and calligraphy based on Raman spectroscopy has been proposed, finding a solution to the long-standing challenge of how to quantitatively evaluate illumination-induced mechanical damage of substrates. These results are instructive for designing the spectral ratios of white LEDs suitable for illumination of traditional Chinese painting and calligraphy in museums. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The latest achievements of GaN‐based laser diodes are summarized, focused on two topics: watt‐class high‐power edge‐emitting lasers and milliwatt‐class vertical‐cavity surface‐emitting lasers. These light sources have high efficiency and high reliability, which are suitable for various display applications such as laser projectors and/or ARIVR displays. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solid state light sources for projection displays have shown tremendous progress over the recent years. Their application usage is ranging from low luminance near to eye projection for augmented reality glasses to mainstream projectors. This presentation will share some of the latest progresses for laser and LEDs for Near‐to‐eye (NTE) displays and will describe important design challenges such as package integration and power efficiency. Besides, High Current LEDs are further pushing the limits and bring LED based projection light engines on eye‐to‐eye brightness level with lamp & laser‐based systems ranging up to 5,000 ANSI lumens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present an automatically generated dataset of 15,755 records that were extracted from 47,357 papers. These records contain water-splitting activity in the presence of certain photocatalysts, along with additional information about the chemical reaction conditions under which this activity was recorded. These conditions include any co-catalysts and additives that were present during water splitting, the length of time for which the photocatalytic experiment was conducted, and the type of light source used, including its wavelength. Despite the text extraction of such a wide range of chemical reaction attributes, the dataset afforded good precision (71.2%) and recall (36.3%). These figures-of-merit were calculated based on a random sample of open-access papers from the corpus. Mining such a complex set of attributes required the development of novel techniques in knowledge extraction and interdependency resolution, leveraging inter- and intra-sentence relations, which are also described in this paper. We present a new version (version 2.2) of the chemistry-aware text-mining toolkit ChemDataExtractor, in which these new techniques are included. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, Laser Diodes have been used in various applications. The first real application started with the release of compact disc(CD) players/digital versatile disks (DVD) players. Since blue and green lasers have been developed, and laser diodes have begun to be used for various display applications such as pico‐projector and Laser TV. In particular, recently, it is expected to be applied to head mount display(HMD) and Augmented reality(AR)/virtual reality(VR) glass applications as one of the new applications of single mode laser. This paper shows the laser diode and applications that have been developed so far, the trends of light sources for HMD and AR/VR glass applications that are expected in the future, the issues when using red green and blue laser diodes, and how to solve them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Pulp & Paper is the property of China Pulp & Paper Magazines Publisher and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Lab-based testing systems utilizing photoelectrochemical (PEC) biosensing methodologies for the ultrasensitive carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) have been developed, although the majority have shown complicated operating procedures and dependence on precise apparatus. Herein, a portable photoelectrochemical split diagnostic platform based on a hollow CdS/CdMoO 4 (h-CdS@CdMoO 4) shell-shell structured photoanode system was developed for ultrasensitive detection of CEA. Using a small LED flashlight as the excitation light source and a digital multimeter (DMM) as the signal readout device, real-time CEA on a paper-based printed screen electrode developed in-house was quickly detected. The composite h-CdS@CdMoO 4 featured a special hollow shell-shell heterojunction structure that optimizes photon usage in the bulk phase on the one hand, and facilitates directed separation of the electrons and holes therein on the other. A split-sandwich immunoassay and detection antibodies for modified glucose oxidase were introduced into the paper-based photoanode test system, and the signals were displayed with a DMM to realize a point-of-care test for CEA. Under optimized conditions, the constructed portable PEC sensing system was sensitive to the target CEA from 0.02 to 50.0 ng mL−1 with a detection limit of 11.3 pg mL−1. Interferent experiments and stability test evaluations demonstrate the specificity and robustness of the constructed paper-based portable PEC sensor. The portable, paper-based PEC immunoassay system developed offers a fresh way of exploring affordable, approachable sensors to satisfy both the relevant community medical testing demands and hospital objectives for quick testing. [Display omitted] • A hollow heterojunction-based photoelectrochemical immunoassay was used to detect CEA. • Paper-based portable sensing platform used as the detection device. • Unique hollow CdS/CdMoO 4 heterostructures utilized as the photoactive materials. • CdS/CdMoO 4 for enhancing natural light utilization and electron-hole separation efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The inherent advantages of reflective e-paper displays (EPD) - wide viewing direction range and excellent readability even under bright sunlight - can be extended into low-light conditions by the addition of an integrated lighting unit (ILU) such as a front light. A methodology for predicting the viewing direction dependence of ambient contrast and color from display measurements and illumination models is here applied to reflective EPD where the ILU is switched on. First results show that an ILU improves the indoor performance of EPD, and enables their usage in environments with illumination otherwise inadequate for reading. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The AlGaInP red laser diodes were developed at the end of the 1980s, and since then we have been improving performance of laser diodes. Along with the improvement of laser performance, laser diodes has been used various applications such as optical discs and sensors. Recently, research and practical use of display applications and AR / VR devices are remarkable. In this paper, we mainly report on red laser diodes developed for display applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The annulus light source method separates specular and diffuse components of reflected glare from display surfaces. Combining it with the variable aperture source method delivers source‐size dependence. Measuring diagnostic reflection samples and ePaper with mirror‐like or scattering surfaces confirmed that the source‐size dependence of reflected glare comes from haze scatter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A common full-color method involves combining micro-light-emitting diodes (LEDs) chips with color conversion materials such as quantum dots (QDs) to achieve full color. However, during color conversion between micro-LEDs and QDs, QDs cannot completely absorb incident wavelengths cause the emission wavelengths that including incident wavelengths and converted wavelength through QDs, which compromises color purity. The present paper proposes the use of a recycling-reflection color-purity-enhancement film (RCPEF) to reflect the incident wavelength multiple times and, consequently, prevent wavelength mixing after QDs conversion. This RCPEF only allows the light of a specific wavelength to pass through it, exciting blue light is reflected back to the red and green QDs layer. The prototype experiment indicated that with an excitation light source wavelength of 445.5 nm, the use of green QDs and RCPEFs increased color purity from 77.2% to 97.49% and light conversion efficiency by 1.97 times and the use of red QDs and RCPEFs increased color purity to 94.68% and light conversion efficiency by 1.46 times. Thus, high efficiency and color purity were achieved for micro-LEDs displays. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Urine test paper is a standard, noninvasive detection method for direct bilirubin, but this method can only achieve qualitative analysis and cannot achieve quantitative analysis. This study used Mini-LEDs as the light source, and direct bilirubin was oxidized to biliverdin by an enzymatic method with ferric chloride (FeCl3) for labeling. Images were captured with a smartphone and evaluated for red (R), green (G), and blue (B) colors to analyze the linear relationship between the spectral change of the test paper image and the direct bilirubin concentration. This method achieved noninvasive detection of bilirubin. The experimental results demonstrated that Mini-LEDs can be used as the light source to analyze the grayscale value of the image RGB. For the direct bilirubin concentration range of 0.1–2 mg/dL, the green channel had the highest coefficient of determination coefficient (R2) of 0.9313 and a limit of detection of 0.56 mg/dL. With this method, direct bilirubin concentrations higher than 1.86 mg/dL can be quantitatively analyzed with the advantage of rapid and noninvasive detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the laser phosphor technology is becoming a mainstream one in the industry of projection display. In this paper, we first review the development of different light source technologies used in projectors. Thereafter, we review the evolution of our laser phosphor technology and then present its latest progress ‐ RGB laser phosphor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High‐power red laser diodes are essential light sources for display applications. In this paper, we report the design, fabrication and characterization of single‐emitter 638nm laser diode with 4 W continuous wave power. The saturation and COD power of this 110um stripe width LD exceeds 4.0 W and 6.3 W at heatsink temperature of 20°C, respectively. At the operation power of 1 W, the Wall‐Plug efficiency can reach 38.3% and 41.8% for the continuous and pulsed wave with duty of 33.3%. The characteristics temperature T0 and T1 for this device is 62 K and 114K. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

People's interest in health care has increased these days. As various health care platforms are emerging, the corresponding market is also expanding. In order to monitor health conditions in everyday life, no physical damage should be made. One of the non‐invasive method, using light for sensing, is preferred due to this effect. In general, as the wavelength increases, light can penetrate deeper into the skin, leading to different bio‐signals. For example, All‐in‐One Sensor Display, which was announced by Samsung Display at SID 2023, used green light to selectively sense fingerprints on the skin surface by reducing the depth of skin penetration. To apply this progress to health care, red light can also be used for OPDs in the All‐in‐One Sensor Display. In this case, red light from red pixel is used as the light source. The light can reach blood vessels under the epidermis because the skin penetration depth is deeper than green light. The light reaching the blood vessel becomes a signal to gather biometric information. This biometric information is then collected at OPD as the signal reaches the OPD in the panel again. For these series of processes, an OPD capable of effective detecting of light in the 625 nm region emitted by red pixels is required. In this study, OPD was fabricated using RD‐01, a high absorption donor material suitable for red light absorption, and RA‐01, a non‐fullerene acceptor for mass production, to respond to red light near 625 nm. The EQE of the OPD was 25% at wavelength of 625 nm. In addition, absorption spectrum of the OPD covers the Red emission effectively. Our results represent that OLED panel can be used for not only fingerprint recognition but also health care platform. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A polarization independent refractive index (RI) sensor with a RI sensitivity of 50 nm/RIU is demonstrated. The proposed RI sensor simply consists of a liquid crystal (LC) polymeric polarization grating film and one glass substrate. The wavelength shift over the refractive index of surrounding medium is investigated through anisotropic rigorous coupled‐wave analysis. Such a LC‐based polarization independent RI sensor not only enables the usage of an unpolarized light source but also manifests a high sensitivity, offering great potential for the integration with display systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Near‐eye displays often use narrow spectral bandwidth light sources to create virtual images. These sources provide wider color gamuts. However, the measurement instrument's spectral bandwidth and spectral stray light need to be considered. We evaluate these aspects in characterizing the display's color capability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is becoming one of the major causes of morbidity and mortalities in 21st century. We have developed a bioengineered cellulosic paper device for the quantification of albumin (ALB) in physiological samples. The paper surface was activated and antibodies specific to target biomarker was immobilized on engineered paper surface. Every step after modification was characterized by FTIR, XPS, SPM and optical analysis. Further, the device model was designed using CAD file, and a 3-D cascade device was fabricated with in-built constant light source to provide proper and controlled environment for in-situ image analysis. After adding the sample on the bioengineered paper, the antigen-antibody reaction takes place, after that addition of dye results in change of color from yellow to blueish-green within 40 s. An optical method was employed for the analysis of the images by recognizing the specific area and the color intensity. Additionally, the immunosensor specificity was evaluated on number of molecules that are usually found in the serum sample. The linear dynamic range of the developed immunosensor has been reported to be 1–60 mg/mL, covering the normal as well as clinical range of ALB in physiological samples with a detection limit of 0.049(±0.002) mg/mL. With good precision and recovery, the device was able to successfully determine the ALB concentrations in serum sample. The developed device has simple and user-friendly interface and it may also help diagnosing CKD in personalized settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Bruker IFS 125 HR Fourier transform spectrometer with LED light sources. • First observation of the 6ν 1 +2ν 3 band of 14N 2 16O. • First line intensity measurements for the five 14N 2 16O bands. • Improved line positions for the ν 1 +4ν 3 , ν 1 + 4 ν 2 0 + 3 ν 3 , 3ν 1 +3ν 3 , ν 1 +5ν 3 bands of 14N 2 16O. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]