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Methods of economical alloying of high pipe steels were considered in the paper. Due to the large environmental, energy, and economic issues in the destruction of the pipeline, the quality of steel pipes is very important. The method described in this article is considered to be relevant not only for pipe steels but also for high-strength steels used in shipbuilding, bridge construction, etc. Review mechanisms of strengthening microalloyed steels were carried out in this work. Schema evolution of the microstructure of microalloyed steels was discussed. The influence of alloying elements in steel by means of optimal process parameters of thermomechanical rolling was analyzed. There are two methods of mathematical modeling used in the study: artificial neural networks (ANNs) which are based on the multilayered perceptron to select the optimal chemical composition and finite element analysis to optimize the process parameters. An experimental dataset was used to train multilayer perceptron (MLP) networks to allow for prediction of the yield strength, tensile strength, and elongation of steel. Due to large availability, low cost, and high accuracy of the results, these methods are considered to be the most promising ones. The mathematical model for calculating mechanical properties of a rolling pipe has been developed. Two ways to reduce the cost of a hot-rolled plate made of microalloyed steels were developed. There has been developed the complex of replacement technological impact which can make it possible to replace or reduce the amount of expensive chemical elements (vanadium, nickel, copper, manganese, chromium, and niobium) without loss of quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]