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• Multimodal strategies and interventions, e.g. healthy lifestyle (dietary and physical activity), can be recommended for treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). • Gene study and gene-based therapy with a critical role in the detection and cure of AD will have a fundamental role. • Attempts to enhance clinical results are focused on several main areas including design and detection of more effective carrier molecules, selection of the best gene delivery methods, and detection of novel therapeutic targets. Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) are still an important issue for scientists because it is difficult to cure with the available molecular medications and conventional treatments. Due to the complex nature of the brain structures and heterogeneous morphological and physiological properties of neuronal cells, interventions for cerebral-related disorders using surgical approaches, and classical and ongoing treatments remain hard for physicians. Furthermore, the development of newly designed medications attempts to target AD are not successful in improving AD, because abnormalities of tau protein, aggregation of amyloid β (Aβ) peptide, inflammatory responses, etc lead to advanced neurodegeneration processes that conventional treatments cannot stop them. In recent years, novel diagnostic strategies and therapeutic approaches have been developed to identify and cure early pathological events of AD. Accordingly, many gene-based therapies have been developed and introduce the therapeutic potential to prevent and cure AD. On the other hand, genetic investigations and postmortem assessments have detected a large number of factors associated with AD pathology. Also, genetically diverse animal models of AD help us to detect and prioritize novel resilience mechanisms. Hence, gene therapy can be considered an effective and powerful tool to identify and treat human diseases. Ultimately, gene study and gene-based therapy with a critical role in the detection and cure of various human disorders will have a fundamental role in our lives forever. This scientific review paper discusses the present status of different therapeutic strategies, particularly gene-based therapy in treating AD, along with its challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that accounts for 70% of all dementia. Early stage diagnosis of AD is essential as there is no certain treatment after the lesion has progressed in the late stage. Nevertheless, there are still limitations of early diagnosis of AD using neuroimaging and psychological memory assessments. Here, we demonstrate ultrasensitive and multiplexed detection of pivotal AD biomarkers (Aβ 1-42 and t-Tau) in biofluids using a reduced graphene oxide field-effect transistor (gFET). The proposed approach provides a wide logarithmically linear range of detection from 10−1–105 pg mL−1 and a femtomolar-level limit of detection in biofluids (human plasma and artificial cerebrospinal fluid) as well as phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). Furthermore, as these core biomarkers have different surface charges in physiological conditions based on the isoelectric point (pI), we achieved a distinctive output signal for each biomarker. The gFET biosensor platform presented in this paper has great potential and can be used for early diagnosis of AD in clinical practice as well as accurate analysis based on the surface charge of the analytes. • The amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau protein in biofluids are pivotal biomarkers for the early stage diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. • A graphene-based field-effect transistor (gFET) is designed for multiplexed detection of Aβ 1-42 and total tau (t-Tau). • Aβ 1-42 and t-Tau possess different charges owing to their isoelectric point, resulting in distinctive doping effects on gFET. • Femtomolar detection of Aβ 1-42 and total tau (t-Tau) have been achieved in human plasma and artificial cerebrospinal fluid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]