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This paper outlines the approach taken to use teams of diverse professionals and a Graduate Qualities framework to develop students' generic skills within a Bachelor of Commerce degree. The Graduate Qualities framework is closely aligned with the Professional Requierments of the Australian accounting professional bodies and the generic skills of the Australian Council for Educational Research. The pressure to embed the development of generic skills into university courses comes from three areas: the government, employers and the universities. With the impending trialing of Graduate Skills Assessment in universities, the increasing interest by the accounting profession to produce broader thinking graduates and universities' management to improve their institutional ratings, academics will be required to develop students' generic skills through the teaching and learning environment they provide in their subjects. This paper also outlines the changes implemented as an outcome of this process that resulted in students changing their behaviour, improving their generic skills and achieving higher learning outcomes in the subjects involved. This paper suggests that a subject development team composed of a diverse group of experts and the use of a Graduate Qualities framework will better enable subject coordinators to meet the increasing demands of the government, employers and the university to produce students with enhanced generic skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper contributes to the literature on intra-industry trade (IIT) by disentangling such trade into horizontally and vertically differentiated products, and investigating their determinants in the context of trade liberalization in Australia. IIT in Australian manufacturing has increased following trade liberalization in 1980s and is increasingly dominated by vertically differentiated products. Industry level evidence confirms that the failure to segregate IIT into horizontally and vertically differentiated products produces misleading results as their determinants differ. Also, structural changes brought about by the policy liberalization appear to have an impact on total as well vertical IIT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In international trade analysis between countries, the central theme is the examination of whether or not there are any significant diff erences between the actual trade and potential trade, given the determinants of trade flows. Thus, estimating the potential trade is an important component in trade analysis. The objective of this paper is to suggest a methodology to estimate the potential trade flows between countries, using the gravity model, which has been established in the literature as the most successful empirical trade flow equation, usually producing a good fit. The application of the method has been demonstrated using trade flows between Australia and its trading partners in the Indian Ocean Rim. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Measurable research outputs have become part of the overall research management structure within Australian universities over the past ten years. As such, policy makers and administrators alike have come to regard effective management structures and mechanisms as fundamental components of a research environment capable of generating desired quantities of quality outcomes. This paper is based on empirical research carried out over the past year that surveyed academics from commerce and business faculties in Australian universities. The data show that factors such as gender, discipline, and academic level appear to impinge on the relative importance of components that make up research management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper explores the extraordinary interest in trade with Australia evinced by the Nazi regime in Germany. The presumed orientation of Berlin was then towards the expansion of international trade, to become 'domestic' after the outbreak of the Second World War, with eastern and southeastern Europe. Yet a considerable effort was expended up the development of commercial ties with distant Australia. The effort expended upon the Antipode in part met the desires of German individuals and businesses with an interest in the area. It was no doubt intended as a contribution towards focusing the attention of Whitehall upon the British Empire, to leave the Nazi regime with a 'free hand in Europe'. The effort also, however, lends support to the notion that the ultimate objective of that regime was a global hegemony. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A number of recent events—especially attempts to negotiate a bilateral trade agreement and Australia's participation in the conflicts in Afghanistan and Iraq—have thrown Australia's relationship with the United States into sharp relief. While this relationship has historically enjoyed strong bilateral endorsement, such uncritical support is beginning to unravel. At the very least, the relationship is being subjected to a renewed, more critical scrutiny. This paper argues that a dispassionate analysis of the relationship is appropriate and overdue. Not only are the benefits that accrue to 'Australia' from the relationship debateable, even when judged within the limited calculus of the 'national interest', but Australia's uncritical support for US foreign policy is also helping to entrench potentially damaging aspects of American foreign policy and— somewhat ironically—undermining the legitimacy of its pre-eminent 'hegemonic' position. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Evaluates the old and the neonationalist interpretations of Australian commercial policy in the 1930s. Influence of a complex structure of pressure groups and political, bureaucratic and regulatory institutions on Australian commercial policy towards Great Britain; Adoption of inflexible positions that limited Australia in its international economic relations.

This article examines the effects of Australia's free trade agreements on trade creation and export diversion of the total as well as sectoral trade. The empirical analysis implemented through Poisson pseudo maximum likelihood estimator with time and country-specific effects. Results showed the standard gravity variables are highly significant with the expected signs. Overall, the trade creation effects were greater than intra-block export diversion effects of FTAs on Australia's total trade. The trade creation effects of FTAs on the agricultural sector seems higher than the nonagricultural sector in Australia after deducting intra-block export diversion effects in the respective sectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to examine the long-run equilibrium relationship between bilateral trade linkages and stock market correlations of Australia and China using quarterly data from 1993 to 2015. Further, this study explores the impact of trade intensity on stock market correlations using OLS, Dynamic OLS (DOLS) and Fully Modified OLS (FMOLS) models. The empirical results confirm that there is a significant long-run relationship among the variables. In addition, our results, based on OLS, DOLS and FMOLS, show that increasing trade intensity between Australia and China has a significant and positive impact on their stock market correlations. The Global Financial Crisis also contributed for their stock market interdependence. Our results therefore suggest that the bilateral trade relations between Australia and China have brought their stock markets together over time. The findings of this study offer significant policy and practical implications. The policymakers need to be aware of the economic changes in those countries as they will immediately reflect on their stock market performance and relationship. Similarly, the global investors need to be aware of the fact that the diversification opportunities between Australia and China have considerably declined over time as their markets became more interdependent in the recent past. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The Australia–United States Free Trade Agreement (AUSFTA) came into force on 1 January 2005. Australia's exports to the US have since stagnated, while imports into and US investments in Australia have surged. This article analyses Australia–US economic relations with a focus on trade and investment flows. In addition, it examines the capital raising by US investment banks for these projects. The analysis traces the effects on the relationship of the Global Financial Crisis, the resources boom in Australia and the rise of the Australian dollar. 澳美自由贸易协定2005年元旦起生效。自那以来，澳大利亚对美出口止步不前，而来自美国的进口和投资却一路上扬。本文考察了澳美经济关系，重点分析了贸易和投资流。此外作者还研究了美国投资银行为那些项目的融资。以往分析研究探索了全球金融危机、澳大利亚起源开发热以及澳大利亚元升值三者之间关系所受的影响。 [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This article investigates the role of price and nonprice factors in predicting Australia's trade performance. Results broadly suggest that Australia's trade performance is largely explained by the nonprice factors namely, R&D, reliability of domestic supply, aggregate world demand and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) flows in long run. Price factors such as, relative price of Australian exports and domestic prices are also important predictors of trade competitiveness. The policy implications of these findings are that there are dividends in terms of improved trade performance by encouraging R&D expenditure, attracting FDI, improving domestic supply and implementing appropriate policies to improve price competitiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many scholars have mounted convincing cases that the engagement of Australia and the European Union (EU) has been characterised by skirmishes regarding the Common Agricultural Policy and its distortion of world markets, and lack of Australian access to EU markets. This article illustrates that agricultural and agri-food trade constitutes a relatively small portion of Australia–EU trade flows; that Australia exports more goods to the EU than in the past; and that, in some agri-food sectors, it exports more goods to the EU than the EU does to Australia. Further, it argues that conflict and competition regarding the Common Agricultural Policy need to be understood in the broader context of world trade and in the context of a new and deeper engagement between the two interlocutors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article provides further insights into the properties of momentum trading strategies using information from the Australian market. Based on a methodology that avoids the look-ahead bias of many momentum studies that employ monthly data, we confirm the existence of a momentum effect in Australia. In contrast to previously reported results, momentum is stronger amongst larger firms in the Australian market and buying 'winners' generates higher returns than shorting 'losers'. We find strong seasonal influences which are consistent with the tax selling hypothesis and institutional 'window dressing'. In addition, we show that momentum returns are highly variable over time. Specifically, the momentum strategies employed in the late 1990s generate higher returns than those in the early 1990s. Some aspects of the effect are quite different from those previously observed in other markets and this is useful for testing theories about the causes of momentum out of sample. We use information on the intertemporal performance of 'winners' and 'losers' in different market states to determine which of a number of behavioural theories are most predictive of the observed movements of the Australian market. The evidence indicates that models based on the disposition effect better fit the observed data than models based on an overreaction bias. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of cultural events continues to grow as a destination marketing and promotion strategy with destinations eager to broaden attraction attributes. One such cultural event is the Dragon Boat Festival, transforming itself from what was a traditional private Taoist ceremony surrounded in ritual and social identity within local Chinese fishing villages, to an international racing phenomenon, hosted annually in several major cities and locations. With this use of cultural events is the paradox that their increasing popularity can also take away from the authentic experience, becoming more 'staged' as performances for visitors. This research explores the level of participants' motives and perceptions towards the events at the International Dragon Boat Festivals in Macao, China, the event's regional cultural origin, and Melbourne, a location where dragon boating has been successfully staged, revealing that the participants' opinions can differ depending on their culture of origin. This will have implications on the cultural sustainability of the event as a destination tourism attraction, given the importance of the historical and ritual legacy of dragon boating as its unique promotional attribute. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article reports the findings research into tour case organizations from the public and nonprofit sectors. The findings build on international theory about strategic management, and argue that values influence strategy formulation. Chaffee's models of strategy are provided as a useful tool in differentiating the value-base which informs the strategic posture of an organization. Expressive values are more evident in nonprofit strategy formulation which aligns with Chaffee's interpretive approach to strategy. Instrumental values appear more in public organizations which align more with Chaffee's adaptive approach to strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents information on the Australian mining industry. In January 1908, a circular letter from W.H. Corbould, managing director of the Lloyd Copper Co. Ltd. in New South Wales, advised Australia's major metalliferous mining companies to increase the price of mining explosives by 25 percent for 1908. This particular letter was seen as the first concrete evidence that the companies had received of the existence in Australia of the High Explosive Trade Association (HETA). The blasting explosives covered by the HETA were those based on the commercial use of nitroglycerine or blasting oil. It is informed that the Noble's Explosives Co. Ltd., Glasgow, had been the driving force behind the establishment of the HETA. The Anglo-German combine, Nobel's of Glasgow, along with Dynamit AG, Hamburg, was established in 1886 and registered in England with a capital of &pound 2 million. This joint venture was established to consolidate the dynamite business and eliminate competition. In the context of Noble's struggle to eliminate competition from the Australian market, the invitation to the Cape Explosives Works Ltd. was seen as a declaration of war by the major Australian mining companies.

Discusses Australia's response to American and British plans for post-war reforms in international trade and financial relations, as founded in the Lend-Lease Agreement accepted by Australia in 1942. Activities surrounding implementation plans for the agreement; Who led Australia in discussions for implementation of the plans; Australia's strategy towards the plan.