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Reports on the rise of the metal and armament industries in Berlin and Brandenburg between 1712 and 1795, during the reigns of Frederick William I and Frederick II of Prussia. Prominence of the house of Splitgerber and Daum during this period; Peculiar nature of the state during this period, and how this nature aided the rapid progress of the firm; Prussian woolen trade to Russia; Their management of royal industrial establishments, such as forges and ironworks; Their success under Frederick the Great; Their financial activities; Death of Daum; Details of their gains and losses during this period; Operations of the company after the deaths of Splitgerber and Frederick.

Focuses on Carron Company, which was founded by a Scot, William Cadell, and two Englishmen, Samuel Garbett and John Roebuck. The lack of resources in Scotland's banking system; Difficulty in financing the ironworks company, which had a liquidity problem and needed working capital; How the founders and their families raised the initial capital; Provisions of the partnership agreement; The restriction of the banks' deflationary policy; Decision of Carron to overcome the credit restriction and follow the system described by Adam Smith; Problems in marketing Carron's product; The role of manager Charles Gascoigne in deepening the financial problems of the company in the 1770s; Further complications to the financial structure of Carron.

Points out that geographical materials recording during the closing years of the 18th century and the opening years of the next provide a foundation for a regional reconstruction of the Atlantic seaboard. Viewpoints in historical geography; Inadequacy of geographical materials before the 1790s; Classification of geographical materials into works of organization and sporadic observations.

It is argued in this paper that regionalization is a similar process to classification. The terminology and procedures of the two are compared and it is concluded that there is a close similarity except that there is no direct analogy in regionalization with the individual of classification, it is suggested that operationally defined individuals partially overcome this problem. The histories of ideas about the nature and purpose of regional systems and classification systems are briefly compared and again found to be similar. Ten principles of classification derived from the work of logicians and taxonomists are then stated and the methods of constructing regional systems are examined in the light of these principles. It is shown that most of the points revealed by such an examination have been previously discussed by geographers, although they are arguing from different premises. Some of the principles, however, do raise problems which have hitherto received little attention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]