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The author had been focusing on various treatments of time in physics for decades. The author felt that there were major shortcomings in the treatment of time in relativity and even in Newtonian physics. Then the author took a very pragmatic look at how time was actually treated in GPS to achieve a high precision, real world, working, physics system. The author thought that the actual GPS approach might yield a pragmatic time construct for physics. GPS does NOT use special relativity's construct of time--but rather an observer independent construct as detailed below. The author put "Philosophical Time" musings aside and focused solely on finding the right physics construct for time. Finding that proper time was all that physics required, it dawned on the author, quite to his surprise, that proper time also met all the needs of philosophical time. Furthermore, an even deeper physics insight was that "proper time" is simply a measure of a stable physical process' cycles. Hence, "time" as a separate physical entity disappeared to be replaced by physical processes each with its own idiosyncratic length/duration, all of which can be related to each other. These cyclic and noncyclic processes are all driven by known physical forces and energy sources. The properties of time, except for dimensionality, are actually just properties of each individual process that unfolds within 3D space and time is an emergent, human, generalization of process lengths. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To mark the 40th anniversary of punk rock, the British Library ran a free exhibition and a series of associated live spoken-word events in the summer of 2016. Punk was always both outsider (rhetoric, sound, fashion) and insider (the big names of the first-generation UK bands mostly signed to major labels). Using Simon Frith's framework of three overlapping discourses in popular music (folk, pop and art) I argue that the contradictory strands of ideology in and around punk made the British Library the perfect site for this show. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: A platform compatible with microtiter plates to parallelize environmental treatments to test the complex impacts of multiple stressors, including parameters relevant to climate change and point source pollutants is developed. This platform leverages (1) the high rate of purely diffusive gas transport in aerogels to produce well‐defined centimeter‐scale gas concentration gradients, (2) spatial light control, and (3) established automated liquid handling. The parallel gaseous, aqueous, and light control provided by the platform is compatible with multiparameter experiments across the life sciences. The platform is applied to measure biological effects in over 700 treatments in a five‐parameter full factorial study with the microalgae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Further, the CO2 response of multicellular organisms, Lemna gibba and Artemia salina under surfactant and nanomaterial stress are tested with the platform. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Optimizing bioproduct generation from microalgae is complicated by the myriad of coupled parameters affecting photosynthetic productivity. Quantifying the effect of multiple coupled parameters in full-factorial fashion requires a prohibitively high number of experiments. We present a simple hydrogel-based platform for the rapid, full-factorial mapping of light and nutrient availability on the growth and lipid accumulation of microalgae. We accomplish this without microfabrication using thin sheets of cell-laden hydrogels. By immobilizing the algae in a hydrogel matrix we are able to take full advantage of the continuous spatial chemical gradient produced by a diffusion-based gradient generator while eliminating the need for chambers. We map the effect of light intensities between 0 μmol m−2 s−1 and 130 μmol m−2 s−1 (∼28 W m−2) coupled with ammonium concentrations between 0 mM and 7 mM on Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Our data set, verified with bulk experiments, clarifies the role of ammonium availability on the photosynthetic productivity Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, demonstrating the dependence of ammonium inhibition on light intensity. Specifically, a sharp optimal growth peak emerges at approximately 2 mM only for light intensities between 80 and 100 μmol m−2 s−1– suggesting that ammonium inhibition is insignificant at lower light intensities. We speculate that this phenomenon is due to the regulation of the high affinity ammonium transport system in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii as well as free ammonia toxicity. The complexity of this photosynthetic biological response highlights the importance of full-factorial data sets as enabled here. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microalgal biofuel is an emerging sustainable energy resource. Photosynthetic growth is heavily dependent on irradiance, therefore photobioreactor design optimization requires comprehensive screening of irradiance variables, such as intensity, time variance and spectral composition. Here we present a microfluidic irradiance assay which leverages liquid crystal display technology to provide multiplexed screening of irradiance conditions on growth. An array of 238 microreactors are operated in parallel with identical chemical environments. The approach is demonstrated by performing three irradiance assays. The first assay evaluates the effect of intensity on growth, quantifying saturating intensity. The second assay quantifies the influence of time-varied intensity and the threshold frequency for growth. Lastly, the coupled influence of red-blue spectral composition and intensity is assessed. Each multiplexed assay is completed within three days. In contrast, completing the same number of experiments using conventional incubation flasks would require several years. Not only does our approach enable more rapid screening, but the short optical path avoids self-shading issues inherent to flask based systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim To explore adolescents' views and experiences of different treatments for Type 2 diabetes, in order to improve treatment concordance and consider how the current treatment pathway for adolescent Type 2 diabetes could be improved. Methods In-depth interviews were held with 12 adolescents who had been diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes. Adolescents were sampled from a UK cohort study. Data were analysed thematically. Results Interviewees struggled to maintain lifestyle changes. Insulin, metformin and liraglutide were described as effective but, in some cases, as resulting in side effects. Injected treatments were viewed less favourably than oral medications. Weight loss surgery was considered an acceptable treatment for obese adolescents who had tried other treatments for their diabetes. It was apparent that some adolescents had not been surprised by their diagnosis and did not fully appreciate the implications of having diabetes. It was also evident that some individuals had not told peers about their diagnosis due to fearing how they would react. Factors identified as improving treatment concordance included reminders and viewing treatment as effective and easy to take. Conclusions Adolescents want treatments that are effective, discrete, easy to take and do not make them different from their peers. As liraglutide was described as effective, and surgery viewed as acceptable in certain circumstances, greater consideration should be given to their potential role in treating adolescent Type 2 diabetes. Practitioners need to ensure that adolescents appreciate the implications of having diabetes and may want to address adolescents' concerns regarding how others view this condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coalescence of a falling droplet with a sessile droplet on solid surface with various wettabilities is investigated by a combined experimental and numerical study. In the experiments, the droplet diameter, the impact velocity, and the distance between the impacting droplets were controlled. The evolution of surface shape during the coalescence of two droplets on various surfaces is captured using high speed imaging and compared with numerical results. A two-phase volume of fluid method is used to determine the dynamics of droplet coalescence, shape evaluation, and contact line movement. The spreading length of two coalescing droplets along their original centers is also predicted by the model and compared well with the experimental results. The effect of different parameters such as impact velocity, center to center distance, droplet size, and surface wettability on maximum spreading length are studied and compared to the experimental results. Finally, correlations are developed for predicting the maximum spreading length using both experimental and numerical results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay investigates music radio consumption and how it relates to local popular music production. The study focuses on one specialist weekly music programme, Beat Patrol, presented in several formats by Peter Easton at BBC Radio Scotland from 1984 to 2000, and the ways in which a very specific segment of that show's audience (in this case, indie musicians) make sense of that show. Firstly, it offered an independent measurement of the bands' critical success and status in relation to local, regional and national music scenes. The show therefore contributed directly to the acquisition of cultural and social capital for musicians at an early stage of their careers. Secondly, Beat Patrol provided a powerful tool with which bands were able to evaluate both the technical and aesthetic qualities of their recordings in relation to their peers and to artists whose work they admired. The use of this comparative tool suggests that specialist music radio was central to the development of indie musicians' notions of 'good' and 'bad' creative and technical characteristics of their own music. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In this paper we report structural data for the Li ion conducting garnet-related systems, Li6ALa2Nb2O12 (A=Ca, Sr). For both systems, the cell is cubic, space group Ia–3d, with the Li ions located in two partially occupied crystallographic sites, Li1 and Li2. High temperature studies for the A=Sr system show an increased occupancy of the Li2 site at higher temperatures. Both samples have high Li ion conductivity in agreement with previous results, and quenching the samples from elevated temperatures leads to an enhancement in the room temperature conductivity, which may be related to either increased occupancy of the Li2 site or reduced Li ion defect clustering/alkaline earth dopant-defect association in the quenched sample. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In this paper the synthesis and conductivities of the garnet-related Li ion conductors, Li5Ln3Sb2O12 (Ln=La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu), are reported. These phases show high Li ion conductivity, similar to previously reported for the related Li5La3M2O12 (M=Nb, Ta) materials. Neutron diffraction structural studies are also reported for Li5La3Sb2O12 indicating a cubic unit cell, space group Ia-3d, with Li located in two partially occupied sites. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In this paper the synthesis, conductivity, and structure of the garnet-related Li ion conductor, Li5Nd3Sb2O12, are reported. As for the related Li5La3M2O12 (M=Nb, Ta) materials, this phase shows high Li ion conductivity, with a conductivity at 300°C of 9.2×10−3 Scm−1. Structural studies using neutron diffraction indicate a cubic unit cell, space group Ia-3d, with Li located in two partially occupied sites. One of the sites is the traditional garnet structure tetrahedral site, while the other Li site is considerably more distorted. Although the latter is nominally a six coordinate site, a close inspection suggests that the coordination could be described as distorted tetrahedral, with the remaining two bonds being significantly longer (≈2.6Å). [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This article explains the importance of raising the issue of quitting with everyone who smokes. The problems associated with stopping smoking are explored, the new treatment options described and ways to improve clinical practice suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper arises from research, funded by the Housing Corporation and the Thomas Pocklington Trust, which investigated the housing needs and priorities of visually impaired people of working age, a population that has received little public policy attention. We report on the housing circumstances and aspirations of 121 people living in London. In-depth study discovered that people of working age who have vision impairment can be disadvantaged by inflexible procedures that adversely affect their transition to independence, as well as their self-determination with respect to family issues. The study also learned that this population has particular needs in relation to domestic and outside space, home location and safety and security measures. Furthermore, the interviewees indicated that specialist supported housing may develop a stronger role if it diversifies and provides non-institutional stepping stones towards greater autonomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The North Caribou terrane of the western Superior Province attained continental thickness (~35 km) by 2997 Ma. It records a subsequent 300 million years history of continental fragmentation, arc magmatism, and terrane accretion. At Lake Winnipeg the ~2978 Ma Lewis–Storey quartzite–komatiite–iron formation assemblage marks Mesoarchean breakup. Unlike the relatively continuous 2980–2735 Ma stratigraphic record of the Red Lake and Birch–Uchi greenstone belts to the east, little of this interval is recorded at Lake Winnipeg. Rather, two belts of younger, juvenile rocks are tectonically juxtaposed: the Black Island assemblage of isotopically depleted, 2723 Ma basalt, and calc-alkaline andesite; and Rice Lake greenstone belt of basalt, calc-alkaline andesite, and dacite (2731–2729 Ma). Collectively these terranes represent a short-lived island-arc–back-arc system that docked with the southwestern North Caribou margin along a northwest-trending, dextral, transpressive, D1 suture. This zone is marked by the highly deformed coarse clastic Guano Island sequence (<2728 Ma) that contains detritus of North Caribou affinity and is interpreted as a strike-slip basin deposit. Younger clastic sequences, including the Hole River (<2708 Ma), San Antonio (<2705 Ma), and English River (<2704 Ma) assemblages, occur in east–west belts that may have been deposited during the terminal collision (D2, D3) between the North Caribou terrane and continental crust of the Winnipeg River terrane to the south. Several terrane docking events within a framework of north-dipping subduction and continental arc magmatism appear necessary to explain structural and stratigraphic relationships in the 2735–2700 Ma interval. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Five discrete accretionary events assembled fragments of continental and oceanic crust into a coherent Superior craton by 2.60 Ga. They exhibit similar sequences of events at ~10 million year intervals: cessation of arc magmatism, early deformation, synorogenic sedimentation, sanukitoid magmatism, bulk shortening, regional metamorphism, late transpression, orogenic gold localization, emplacement of crust-derived granites, and postorogenic cooling. The Northern Superior superterrane recorded 3.7–2.75 Ga events prior to 2.72 Ga collision with the 3.0 Ga North Caribou superterrane. Following 2.98 Ga rifting, the Uchi margin of the North Caribou superterrane evolved in an upper plate setting before 2.72–2.70 Ga collision of the <3.4 Ga Winnipeg River terrane, which trapped synorogenic English River turbidites in the collision zone. The Winnipeg River terrane was reworked in 2.75–2.68 Ga magmatic and tectonic events, including the central Superior orogeny (2.71–2.70 Ga) that marks accretion of the juvenile western Wabigoon terrane. In the south, the Wawa–Abitibi terrane evolved in a mainly oceanic setting until Shebandowanian collision with the composite Superior superterrane at 2.695 Ga. Synorogenic Quetico turbidites were trapped in the collision zone. The final accretionary event involved addition of the Minnesota River Valley terrane (MRVT) from the south, and deposition and metamorphism of synorogenic turbidites of the Pontiac terrane during the ~2.68 Ga Minnesotan orogeny. Seismic reflection and refraction images indicate north-dipping structures, interpreted as a stack of discrete 10–15 km thick terranes. A slab of high-velocity material, possibly representing subcreted oceanic lithosphere, as well as Moho offsets, support a model of progressive accretion through plate-tectonic-like processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Renewed effort in smoking cessation is needed as the number of smokers quitting has dwindled. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This paper reports findings from two linked projects. The first examined the housing, support and care needs of 400 visually impaired people aged 55 and over. The second looked at the housing and support needs of 121 adults aged 18–55. Only one-half of younger informants and just over half of older informants had made physical alterations to their home to manage with impaired sight. A quarter of older people and three in ten younger people made no use whatsoever of aids or assistive technology. A lack of basic information prevented both groups from taking informed decisions about obtaining and adapting their accommodation. These findings challenge housing and service providers to devise innovative, person-centred and cost-effective solutions that improve the quality of life for adults of all ages with impaired vision. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Three experiments, using temporal generalization and verbal estimation methods, studied judgements of duration of auditory (500-Hz tone) and visual (14-cm blue square) stimuli. With both methods, auditory stimuli were judged longer, and less variable, than visual ones. The verbal estimation experiments used stimuli from 77 to 1183 msec in length, and the slope of the function relating mean estimate to real length differed between modalities (but the intercept did not), consistent with the idea that a pacemaker generating duration representations ran faster for auditory than for visual stimuli. The different variability of auditory and visual stimuli was attributed to differential variability in the operation of a switch of a pacemaker-accumulator clock, and experimental datasuggested that such switch effects were separable from changes in pacemaker speed. Overall, the work showed how a clock model consistent with scalar timing theory, the leading account of animal timing, can address an issue derived from the classical literature on human time perception. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summarizes the results in the context of Superior province tectonics in Canada. Root of the plate-tectonic models; Evolution of the North-striking domains of the Minto block in the northeastern part of Superior province; Western and eastern protocratons; Formation of magmatic arcs; Features of the suture.

The UK's 25th annual No Smoking Day campaign will begin on Wednesday 12 March. Quitting smoking can be a tough challenge, a fact acknowledged by this year's theme -- the Great No Smoking Day Challenge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In this paper a neutron powder diffraction structural study of the Li ion conducting garnet-related system, Li6SrLa2Nb2O12, is reported. The results show that this phase is cubic, space group , and contains Li in two partially occupied crystallographic sites. The first site, Li1, corresponds to the ideal tetrahedral site in the garnet framework and possesses an occupancy of 0.59(1). The second site, Li2, is significantly more distorted and possesses an occupancy of 0.352(3). Compared to the related Li5La3Nb2O12 system, the Li2 site occupancy is greatly increased, while the Li1 site occupancy is reduced. Despite these large differences in site occupancies, the reported conductivities for Li5La3Nb2O12 and Li6SrLa2Nb2O12 are similar, showing the complexities of these new garnet Li ion conductors. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

There is wide disagreement about how the net proper time difference in the twin paradox accumulates even among those who contend that there is no paradox. The proposed experiment will resolve this debate and will also show how to significantly extend special relativity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We introduce a set of coupled equations for multi-layer water waves that removes the ill-posedness of the multi-layer Green-Naghdi (MGN) equations in the presence of shear. The new well-posed equations are Hamiltonian and in the absence of imposed background shear, they retain the same travelling wave solutions as MGN. We call the new model the square root depth (√ D) equations from the modified form of their kinetic energy of vertical motion. Our numerical results show how the√ D equations model the effects of multi-layer wave propagation and interaction, with and without shear. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Jennifer Percival explains how to help smokers achieve lasting success in a year like no other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Geodynamic modeling demonstrates various modes of behaviour of the tectonically active continental mantle lithosphere. At continental collision, mantle lithosphere below thickening crust can be accommodated by mixed subduction-like consumption and viscous drip-like instability, depending on the material rheology, temperature, and convergence velocity. Late-stage slab steepening, dual-sided and ablative consumption, and breakoff can occur as the buoyant crust resists subduction. Removal of accreted crust by erosion can modify how even the deepest portions of the mantle lithosphere evolves during contraction. When gravitational forcing rather than plate shortening dominates, mantle lithosphere may be removed through viscous dripping-like instability or delamination. The removal induces crustal heating, modified topography, and deformation, but distinctive styles of these develop depending on whether mantle lithosphere delaminates or drips. With a modified density stratification postulated for the Archean, relatively buoyant mantle lithosphere may undergo an in-situ overturn when triggered by unstable dense eclogite and basal traction. This causes a pulse of rapid crustal heating as hot lowermost lithosphere is brought into contact with the base of the crust. As an interpretive tool, the geodynamic experiments illustrate some of the dynamically feasible modes of behaviour and controlling parameters for the continental mantle lithosphere in ancient to modern tectonic environments. La modélisation géodynamique offre divers modèles de comportement du manteau lithosphérique continental tectoniquement actif. Lors de la collision continentale, le manteau lithosphérique sous la croûte qui s’épaissit peut s’adapter par une consommation combinée de type subduction et d’instabilité de type égouttement visqueux, selon la rhéologie du matériel, la température et la vitesse de convergence. Une accentuation de phase tardive de la pente de la dalle, une consommation ablative – à deux côtés et le décrochement de la dalle peuvent avoir lieu alors que la croûte flottante résiste à la subduction. Le retrait par érosion de la croûte accrétée peut modifier même la manière dont les portions les plus profondes du manteau lithosphérique évoluent durant la contraction. Lorsque le forçage gravitationnel domine plutôt que le raccourcissement des plaques, il peut y avoir retrait du manteau lithosphérique par une instabilité de type égouttement visqueux ou par délamination. Le retrait cause l’échauffement de la croûte, la modification de la topographie et de la déformation mais les styles distincts de ces effets dépendent de la délamination ou de l’égouttement de la lithosphère. En postulant une stratification à densité modifiée pour l’Archéen, la lithosphère du manteau, relativement légère et flottante, peut subir un renversement in situ s’il est déclenché par une éclogite dense et instable et de la traction à la base. Cela cause un échauffement rapide de la croûte alors que la chaude lithosphère inférieure est amenée en contact avec la base de la croûte. Servant d’outils d’interprétation, les essais géodynamiques illustrent quelques-uns des modes de comportement dynamiquement réalisables et des paramètres de contrôle de la lithosphère du manteau continental dans des environnements tectoniques anciens à modernes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The timing of slip on brittle faults in Earth's upper crust is difficult to constrain, and direct radiometric dating of fault-generated materials is the most explicit approach. Here we make a direct comparison between K-Ar dating of fault gouge clay (authigenic illite) and U-Pb dating of carbonate slickenfibers and veins from the same fault. We have dated fault generated materials from the Big Creek fault, a northwest-striking, dextral strike-slip fault system in Yukon Territory, Canadian Cordillera. Both methods yielded dates at ca. 73 Ma and ca. 60-57 Ma, representing at least two periods of fault slip that form part of a complex fault and fluid-flow history. The Cretaceous result lies within previous indirect estimates for major slip on the fault. The Paleocene--Eocene result coincides with the estimated timing of slip of the nearby Tintina and Denali faults, which are crustal-scale, northwest-striking dextral faults, indicating Big Creek fault reactivation during regional faulting. The coincidence of periods of carbonate-crystallizing fracturing and fluid flow with intervals of seismic, gouge-generating slip supports the fault valve model, where fault strength is mediated by fluid pressures, and fluid emplacement requires seismic pumping in otherwise impermeable aseismic fault zones. The reproducibility of slip periods for distinct fault-generated materials using different decay systems indicates that these methods provide complimentary results and can be reliably applied to date brittle fault slip, opening new opportunities for investigating fault conditions with associated mineralizing fluid events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Selection of high-quality sperm is critical to the success of assisted reproductive technologies. Clinical screening for top sperm has long focused on sperm swimming ability when following boundaries or when fully free of constraints. In this work, we demonstrate a sperm selection approach with parallel 2 μm tall confined selection channels that prohibit rotation of the sperm head and require planar swimming. We demonstrate that a planar swimming subpopulation of sperm capable of entering and navigating these channels has DNA integrity superior to the freely-swimming motile or raw sperm populations over a wide range of semen sample qualities. The DNA integrity of the selected sperm was significantly higher than that of the corresponding raw samples for donor samples and clinical patient samples, respectively. In side-by-side testing, this method outperforms current clinical selection methods, density gradient centrifugation and swim-up, as well as sperm selected via general motility. Planar swimming represents a viable sperm selection mechanism with the potential to improve outcomes for couples and offspring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accurately calibrated and characterised x-ray diagnostics are a key requirement in the fielding of experiments on the Orion laser where absolute measurements of x-ray emission are used to underpin the validity of models of emissivity and opacity. Diffraction crystals are used in spectrometers on Orion to record the dispersed spectral features emitted by the laser produced plasma to obtain a measurement of the plasma conditions. The ability to undertake diffraction crystal calibrations supports the successful outcome of these Orion experiments. This paper details the design and commissioning of a system to undertake these calibrations in the energy range 2.0 keV to approximately 8.5 keV. Improvements to the design are detailed which will extend the commissioned range of energies to below 1 keV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accurate simulation of multiphase flow in fractured porous media remains a challenge. An important problem is the representation of the discontinuous or near discontinuous behaviour of saturation in real geological formations. In the classical continuum approach, a refined mesh is required at the interface between fracture and porous media to capture the steep gradients in saturation and saturation-dependent transport properties. This dramatically increases the computational load when large numbers of fractures are present in the numerical model. A discontinuous finite element method is reported here to model flow in fractured porous media. The governing multiphase porous media flow equations are solved in the adaptive mesh computational fluid dynamics code IC- FERST on unstructured meshes. The method is based on a mixed control volume - discontinuous finite element formulation. This is combined with the P N+1 DG- P N DG element pair, which has discontinuous (order N+1) representation for velocity and discontinuous (order N) representation for pressure. A number of test cases are used to evaluate the method's ability to model fracture flow. The first is used to verify the performance of the element pair on structured and unstructured meshes of different resolution. Multiphase flow is then modelled in a range of idealised and simple fracture patterns. Solutions with sharp saturation fronts and computational economy in terms of mesh size are illustrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose – This paper aims to present the quantitative results based on a comparison and evaluation of older people's experiences, needs and wants from their current kitchens, combining and comparing the results obtained from two studies conducted in 2000 and 2010 to see what progress has been made. Design/methodology/approach – A study in 2010 investigated the life-long and contemporary experiences of kitchens of 48 people aged over 60 years of age. The research included detailed questionnaire interviews asking people about their experiences of living in their current kitchen. A previous study, conducted in 2000, asked many of the same questions of 22 people in the same age group. Findings – By combining and comparing the two sets of data it seems that only limited progress has been made in terms of kitchen design meeting the needs of older people between 2000 and 2010. Research limitations/implications – Owing to the small sizes of the samples it is not possible to compare the figures statistically or present them as fully representative of the British older population but while the two samples are limited both had similar characteristics of age and gender, so differences do show potential trends over time. Practical implications – The research refers to guidance and a computer based design tool and identifies a number of practical implications for design. Social implications – As people age their abilities and needs can change and their kitchen may no longer be as accessible or appropriate to their needs. Originality/value – This paper adds to the relevant guidance for designers, developers and managers of buildings where the continued personal use of a kitchen is important for continuing independence of older people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose – This paper aims to present the quantitative results based on a comparison and evaluation of older people's experiences, needs and wants from their current kitchens, combining and comparing the results obtained from two studies conducted in 2000 and 2010 to see what progress has been made. Design/methodology/approach – A study in 2010 investigated the life-long and contemporary experiences of kitchens of 48 people aged over 60 years of age. The research included detailed questionnaire interviews asking people about their experiences of living in their current kitchen. A previous study, conducted in 2000, asked many of the same questions of 22 people in the same age group. Findings – By combining and comparing the two sets of data it seems that only limited progress has been made in terms of kitchen design meeting the needs of older people between 2000 and 2010. Research limitations/implications – Owing to the small sizes of the samples it is not possible to compare the figures statistically or present them as fully representative of the British older population but while the two samples are limited both had similar characteristics of age and gender, so differences do show potential trends over time. Practical implications – The research refers to guidance and a computer based design tool and identifies a number of practical implications for design. Social implications – As people age their abilities and needs can change and their kitchen may no longer be as accessible or appropriate to their needs. Originality/value – This paper adds to the relevant guidance for designers, developers and managers of buildings where the continued personal use of a kitchen is important for continuing independence of older people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report the serendipitous discovery of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) star SDSS J160043.6+074802.9 to be a very rapid pulsator. The variation is dominated by a frequency near 8380 μHz (period = 119.33 s) with a large amplitude (0.04 mag) and its first harmonic at 16760 μHz (59.66 s; 0.005 mag). In between these frequencies, we find at least another eight variations with periods between 62 and 118 s and amplitudes between about 0.007 and 0.003 mag; weaker oscillations might also be present. Preliminary spectrograms from the performance verification phase of the Southern African Large Telescope indicate that SDSS J160043.6+074802.9 is a spectroscopic binary consisting of an sdO star and a late-type main-sequence companion. This makes it the first unambiguous detection of such an sdO star to pulsate, and certainly the first found to exhibit multifrequency variations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New field work, U–Pb ages, geochemical data, and Sm–Nd isotopic analyses have established the timing and determined the nature of volcanism, deformation, and tectonic assembly of the Pickle Lake greenstone belt in the Uchi subprovince of the western Superior Province of the Canadian Shield. The >2860 Ma Pickle Crow assemblage has been redefined to include the former Northern Pickle assemblage on the basis of stratigraphic continuity and similar volcanic geochemistry between the two units across a previously inferred fault contact. The Pickle Crow assemblage consists of tholeiitic basalt with thin, but laterally extensive, oxide-facies iron formation overlain by alkalic basalts and minor calc-alkaline andesites to dacites with primitive Nd isotopic compositions (εNd2.89 Ga = +2.1 to +2.4) suggestive of deposition in a sediment-starved oceanic basin. The ~2 km thick ~2836 Ma Kaminiskag assemblage (former Woman assemblage) consists of tholeiitic basalt interbedded with intermediate and rare felsic pyroclastic flows with primitive Nd isotopic compositions (εNd2.836 Ga = +2.4). Two samples of intermediate volcanic rocks interbedded with southeast-younging pillowed basalt, previously inferred to be part of the Pickle Crow assemblage, yielded U–Pb zircon ages of 2744 Ma and 2729 ± 3 Ma. These rocks are thus part of the younger Confederation assemblage, which consists of intercalated basalt and dacite (εNd2.74 Ga = +0.1 to +0.8) exhibiting diverse compositions probably reflecting eruption in a continental margin arc to back-arc setting. The contact between the Confederation and Kaminiskag assemblages is assumed to be a fault. The greenstone belt is intruded by late syn- to posttectonic plutons including the composite quartz dioritic to gabbroic July Falls stock with a new U–Pb zircon age of 2749 Ma, and the ~2741 to 2740 Ma trondhjemitic to granodioritic Ochig Lake pluton and Pickle Lake stock, as well as the ~2697 to 2716 Ma Hooker–Burkoski stock. The earliest recognized deformation (D1) is recorded by a local bedding-parallel foliation in the Pickle Crow assemblage. This foliation is truncated by the ~2735 Ma Albany quartz–feldspar porphyry dyke and is not recognized in the volcanic rocks of the Confederation assemblage. The early deformation event is attributed to overturning of the Pickle Crow assemblage prior to deposition of the ~2744 to 2729 Ma Confederation assemblage. Subsequent deformation and development of a regionally penetrative planar fabric (S2) postdates ~2729 Ma volcanism, pre-dates the intrusion of the ca. <2716 Ma Hooker–Burkoski stock and is host to gold mineralization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]