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Paperwork has always been a central part of bureaucratic work. Over the last few years, bureaucratic procedures have become increasingly standardised and digitalised. Based on interviews and ethnographic fieldwork within welfare offices in Switzerland and Belgium, we reflect on the way evidence is constructed within social policy and cases built for or against noncitizen welfare recipients in order to show how paper truths are established and challenged. The focus on digital practices within public policy implementation highlights how it contributes to enhanced control mechanisms on the implementation level and how migration law continues to guide welfare governance for noncitizens. This allows targeting of the most marginalised groups, whose rights to access state support are institutionally impeded. Through database information flows, official forms, paper reports and face-to-face meetings, we further show how a hybrid form of bureaucratic work emerges, where direct contact with the client is still key, yet highly influenced by standardisation processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines how older adults interact with fitness trackers and how that interaction influences their physical activity. We carried out qualitative interviews with 22 individuals between the ages of 55 and 72 who had used fitness trackers as part of a six-week field experiment investigating the effects of feedback from fitness trackers and the social influence of their spouses. From their comments, we derived an explorative process model explaining the mechanisms and the four stages of effects arising from personalised feedback, namely, cognitive, affective, conative, and intuitive. These effects were grouped into internal and external dimensions. Three types of goal-related decisions determined whether interviewees moved from the internal responses of cognition and emotion to the external response of behaviour change. The findings from this study elucidate how real-time personalised feedback can motivate physical activity among older adults and highlight the goal-related factors that influence this effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Assistive technologies have allowed people with disabilities to perform daily tasks with greater independence and autonomy, especially for visually impaired people. Using smart home solutions allows these users to control their homes with less cognitive and physical demand. However, making such applications accessible to meet the needs of visually impaired users, especially in developing countries, remains a challenge. This paper investigates the perceptions of these users about home automation technologies through semi-structured interviews. A total of 20 visually impaired people participated in the interviews. A thematic analysis revealed results concerning the following themes: (1) how people go about their lives at home and around, how people interact with current appliances, objects and environments, (3) how people perceive their attitude to technologies, (4) the Brazilian context of smart homes, (5) what people think smart homes should do and (6) envisaging ways of interacting with smart home systems. The results obtained provide significant insight into the needs of visually-impaired people in Brazil, with analysis of issues that are common with previous studies in more developed countries and specific issues that have important particularities and implications in Brazil and other developing countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As artificial intelligence (AI) technologies become more ubiquitous for streamlining and optimizing work, they are entering fields representing organizational logics at odds with the efficiency logic of automation. One such field is journalism, an industry defined by a logic enacted through professional norms, practices, and values. This paper examines the experience of technologists developing and employing natural language generation (NLG) in news organizations, looking at how they situate themselves and their technology in relation to newswork. Drawing on institutional logics, a theoretical framework from organizational theory, we show how technologists shape their logic for building these emerging technologies based on a theory of rationalizing news organizations, a frame of optimizing newswork, and a narrative of news organizations misinterpreting the technology. Our interviews reveal technologists mitigating tensions with journalistic logic and newswork by labeling stories generated by their systems as nonjournalistic content, seeing their technology as a solution for improving journalism, enabling newswork to move away from routine tasks. We also find that as technologists interact with news organizations, they assimilate elements from journalistic logic beneficial for benchmarking their technology for more lucrative industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Different types of assessments influence learning and learning behaviour. Multiple‐choice questions (MCQs) reward partial knowledge and encourage surface learning, while open‐ended questions (OEQs) promote deeper learning. Currently, MCQs is part of team‐based learning (TBL) curriculum, and it is challenging to implement OEQs as immediate feedback is necessary. Objectives: We asked if MCQ and OEQs affect student achievement, student learning and student engagement differently in a TBL classroom. Methods: MCQs and OEQs test scores of N = 66 students were automatically captured in Learning Activity Management System (LAMS) and were compared using a switching replications quasi‐experimental design with pre‐ and post‐tests to answer the research questions. Student learning approaches and engagement in the team activities were assessed using the study process questionnaire and the structure of observed learning outcomes taxonomy respectively. Results and Conclusions: Students get significantly higher MCQ scores than OEQs for the same set of questions, but the reverse is true for application exercises (AEs), which focus on higher‐level application. Most students significantly deepened their learning approaches before OEQs, while poorly prepared students were less engaged during OEQ discussions. Interestingly students subjected to OEQs took less time and scored higher in AE discussions, suggesting better focus on higher‐level thinking. Implications: This project is significant as it bridges our understanding of the value of OEQs and TBL. Our approach is transferable to other courses, and thus it can improve the quality of teaching and learning in tertiary education. Lay Description: What is already known about this topic?: Multiple‐choice questions (MCQs) do not promote deep learning as much as open‐ended questions (OEQ) do.Team‐based learning (TBL) requires MCQs because of the need for immediate feedback.Automated marking can make it more efficient to provide immediate feedback on OEQs as required by the TBL approach. What this paper adds?: OEQs changed student‐learning approaches in the TBL context.OEQs changed the quality of team discussions during the team‐readiness assessment.Test (tRAT) and application exercise phases.Students were concerned about the validity of automated grading. Implications for practitioners: Consider using OEQs in TBL context for deepening student learning.Consider how to defuse students' scepticism of new technology.Consider forming teams with a mix of deep and surface learners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the prominent concept of the last decade – user experience – maintains its significance in diverse disciplines, especially design, its focus has changed to eliciting positive user experiences by pursuing new possibilities for consumer products rather than by solely seeking solutions to existing problems. Designers continue to aim for rich user experiences with a variety of products, but have neglected self-service (interactive) kiosks. Hence, this paper, after giving a brief overview of the positive psychology literature, demonstrates the dimensions of positive user experiences with self-service kiosks through an empirical study conducted on coffee vending machines and automated tellers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Thailand has a shortage of community health nurses for supporting the self‐management of type 2 diabetes, which is prevalent and poorly controlled. Aim: This study examined the feasibility and acceptability of a self‐care assistance programme for poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus. The SukapapNet programme consisted of automated interactive voice response calls to patients and automated follow‐up email notifications to their nurses. Design: Single‐arm pre‐post trial. Methods: Six nurses and 35 type 2 diabetes patients were recruited from primary care settings in suburban provinces in Thailand. The study was conducted from June 2017 to November 2017. We assessed patients before and after 12 weeks of the SukapapNet intervention. Results: Mean glycated haemoglobin decreased by 0.9%. Patients reported reduced carbohydrate consumption, increased physical activity, increased medication adherence, improved sleep quality, and more frequent foot care. Patients and nurses both recommended using the intervention, although nurses expressed concerns regarding increased workload. Conclusions: The study programme could improve outcomes in Thai type 2 diabetes patients. Further study of the impact of technology upon nurses' workload is warranted. SUMMARY STATEMENT: What is already known about this topic? Prevalence of type 2 diabetes is increasing in Thailand, and nurses who play an important role in health care at the community level are limited.Mobile health strategies including short message service, automated telephonic monitoring, and internet‐based education have been successfully applied in Thailand with prenatal care, depression, Parkinson disease, cardiac rehabilitation, and diabetes.Although mobile health is a promising way to bridge gaps in managing type 2 diabetes, an effect of automated mobile health with nurse follow‐up has never been investigated in primary care settings. What this paper adds? Automated interactive voice response monitoring of diabetes patients with emailed updates to nurses is acceptable to Thai patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes.Mobile health strategies could also improve Thai nurses' ability to help diabetes patients with glycaemic control.To reduce burden for nurses, summaries of patients' responses should be emailed on a less‐than‐daily basis. The implications of this paper: This study contributes to the knowledge of how mobile health strategies could help Thai patients with type 2 diabetes achieve glycaemic control and increase nurses' engagement with these patients.Innovative use of automated interactive voice response with feedback to community health nurses should be further developed in Thailand.Future research should investigate a mobile health benefit to diabetes glycaemic control through a large‐scale randomized controlled trial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]